Superconductive bolometers and calorimeters
... with α the temperature coefficient and R0 the resistance at the operating point. Operated in a constant-current mode, the voltage drop across the device is directly proportional to the change in temperature caused by incident power. The specific heat capacity of normal metal strips is comparatively ...
... with α the temperature coefficient and R0 the resistance at the operating point. Operated in a constant-current mode, the voltage drop across the device is directly proportional to the change in temperature caused by incident power. The specific heat capacity of normal metal strips is comparatively ...
Mass-loading, pile-up, and mirror
... 67P/CG; the magnetic field strength starts to increase around 11:00 UT, when at the same time IES and ICA data show an increase in counts and energies of the ions. As the total magnetic field strength increases, the fluctuations in the magnetic field are also enhanced: the field increases from avera ...
... 67P/CG; the magnetic field strength starts to increase around 11:00 UT, when at the same time IES and ICA data show an increase in counts and energies of the ions. As the total magnetic field strength increases, the fluctuations in the magnetic field are also enhanced: the field increases from avera ...
Thermal conduction effects on the kink instability in coronal loops
... applied to large flares where significant non-thermal electron energies are generated. Thus the model presented here can only be valid for nanoflares and microflares, where the energy released is likely to be thermal and there is no direct evidence of significant electron acceleration. Assessing the ...
... applied to large flares where significant non-thermal electron energies are generated. Thus the model presented here can only be valid for nanoflares and microflares, where the energy released is likely to be thermal and there is no direct evidence of significant electron acceleration. Assessing the ...
Manual Arts High School AP Physic s Syllabus (2012 – 2013
... At the end of this unit the student should be able to: • Describe a frame of reference • Compare and contrast Aristotle and Galileo’s views of motion • Define and apply definitions of displacement, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and average acceleration • Demonstrate proficiency in solvin ...
... At the end of this unit the student should be able to: • Describe a frame of reference • Compare and contrast Aristotle and Galileo’s views of motion • Define and apply definitions of displacement, average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and average acceleration • Demonstrate proficiency in solvin ...
Speaker in a Cup
... The science behind the activity (continued) For an electrical speaker to produce sound the electrical energy in the wire must be converted into pressure waves in the air. Electrons moving in a wire will create a temporary magnetic field around the wire. That field will exist as long as the electrons ...
... The science behind the activity (continued) For an electrical speaker to produce sound the electrical energy in the wire must be converted into pressure waves in the air. Electrons moving in a wire will create a temporary magnetic field around the wire. That field will exist as long as the electrons ...
1 CHAPTER 10 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 10.1
... rails are connected via a resistance R. As a consequence, a current I flows in the circuit in the direction shown, counterclockwise. (The current is, of course, made up of negative conduction electrons moving clockwise.) Now the magnetic field will exert a force on the current in the rod. The force ...
... rails are connected via a resistance R. As a consequence, a current I flows in the circuit in the direction shown, counterclockwise. (The current is, of course, made up of negative conduction electrons moving clockwise.) Now the magnetic field will exert a force on the current in the rod. The force ...
Three dimensions Consider a point charge in three
... with distance. In a one-dimensional problem (sheet charge), the extension of the charge in the xy plane means that all field lines are parallel to the z axis, and so the field strength does not change with distance. Such a situation, of course, is impossible in the real world: In reality, the planar ...
... with distance. In a one-dimensional problem (sheet charge), the extension of the charge in the xy plane means that all field lines are parallel to the z axis, and so the field strength does not change with distance. Such a situation, of course, is impossible in the real world: In reality, the planar ...
3 electric and magnetic fields inside the body
... Chapter 2 describes the fields to which people are exposed. Exposure to these fields in turn induces fields and currents inside the body. This chapter describes and quantifies the relationship between external fields and contact currents with the current density and electric fields induced within th ...
... Chapter 2 describes the fields to which people are exposed. Exposure to these fields in turn induces fields and currents inside the body. This chapter describes and quantifies the relationship between external fields and contact currents with the current density and electric fields induced within th ...
dielectric_micro
... The polarization is due to the electronic polarization Pe (nucleus shifted slightly relative to the centre of the electron cloud) and the ionic polarization Pi (ionic nature of bond between atoms) and the orientation polarization Po (rotation and alignment of the polar molecules in the external elec ...
... The polarization is due to the electronic polarization Pe (nucleus shifted slightly relative to the centre of the electron cloud) and the ionic polarization Pi (ionic nature of bond between atoms) and the orientation polarization Po (rotation and alignment of the polar molecules in the external elec ...
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.