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Association Between Elevated Blood Glucose and Outcome in Acute
Association Between Elevated Blood Glucose and Outcome in Acute

... outcome in AHF. As an example, altered glycemic control is common during critical illness, occurs in patients with or without a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), and may be associated with adverse outcome in this setting (3). In cardiovascular diseases, abnormalities of glycemic control have been s ...
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MITRAL VALVE REGURGITATION

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Congenital Heart Disease - Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing

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Influence of Insulin and Free Fatty Acids on Contractile - AJP
Influence of Insulin and Free Fatty Acids on Contractile - AJP

... overnight fast at 8 a.m. In a cross-over design with the patient blinded to the type of infusion given, we studied the patients in random order on three separate days: 1) Infusion of isotonic saline with an infusion rate of 1/3 of the expected/observed glucose infusion rate. 2) Euglycemic insulin cl ...
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The Relationship between Serum Sodium Concentration and Atrial

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Myocardial contraction fraction: Ideas for analysis

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... 3.Barlow WE, Ichikawa L, Rosner D, and Izumi S. Analysis of casecohort designs. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 52: 1165-1172, 1999. 4.Borgan O, Goldstein L, and Langholz B. Methods for the analysis of sampled cohort data in the Cox proportional hazards model. Annals of ...
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... cause backflow of blood. Closure gives rise to audible vibrations (heart sounds). Atrioventricular (AV) valves between the atrium and ventricle on each side of the heart prevent backflow from ventricle to atrium. Semilunar valves are located between the ventricle and the artery on each side of the h ...
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... The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for patients with depressed left ventricular systolic function. Similarly, a minority of patients with AMI are potential candidates for this care process, The proportion of patients eligible for smoking-cessation counseling is relatively smal ...
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Coronary artery disease



Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease, is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death. It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. The first sign is occasionally a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others. Other risks include depression. The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart. A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others.Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used. There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms. Treatment involves the same measures as prevention. Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended. Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease. In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990. The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world. The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010. In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.
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