Aortic Pressure Augmentation Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular
... obtained during catheterization were used to calculate AP (difference between the second and the first systolic peak). Augmentation index (AIx) was defined as AP as a percentage of PP. We evaluated whether AP and AIx can predict the risk of MACE (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, coronar ...
... obtained during catheterization were used to calculate AP (difference between the second and the first systolic peak). Augmentation index (AIx) was defined as AP as a percentage of PP. We evaluated whether AP and AIx can predict the risk of MACE (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, coronar ...
Blood Vessels
... The smallest arteries are arterioles. These lead to capillary beds. Capillaries are composed of a single layer of squamous epithelium. Constriction and dilation of arterioles control the distribution of blood in the numerous capillaries of the body. At the origin of each capillary is a circular band ...
... The smallest arteries are arterioles. These lead to capillary beds. Capillaries are composed of a single layer of squamous epithelium. Constriction and dilation of arterioles control the distribution of blood in the numerous capillaries of the body. At the origin of each capillary is a circular band ...
Inotrope Therapy
... transplant. Medications are the most common treatment for heart failure. The most common heart medications are: ...
... transplant. Medications are the most common treatment for heart failure. The most common heart medications are: ...
Cardiovascular System Notes
... 1. MVP - mitral valve prolapse, the mitral valve does not close all the way; this creates a clicking sound at the end of a contraction. 2. Heart Murmurs – valves do not close completely, causing an (often) harmless murmur sound. Sometimes holes can occur in the septum f the heart which can also caus ...
... 1. MVP - mitral valve prolapse, the mitral valve does not close all the way; this creates a clicking sound at the end of a contraction. 2. Heart Murmurs – valves do not close completely, causing an (often) harmless murmur sound. Sometimes holes can occur in the septum f the heart which can also caus ...
06. Heart failure
... Discourage alcohol or illicit drug use If previous heart attack/ current diabetes mellitus or HTN, use ACEI ...
... Discourage alcohol or illicit drug use If previous heart attack/ current diabetes mellitus or HTN, use ACEI ...
Stroke in the Young: A Four
... this new study of 26 patients up to 20 years of age, 36.4% had antecedent febrile episodes. It appears possible that these inflammatory illnesses had an important role in the pathogenesis of the cerebral infarction. Over half of the patients had convulsive episodes immediately prior to the onset of ...
... this new study of 26 patients up to 20 years of age, 36.4% had antecedent febrile episodes. It appears possible that these inflammatory illnesses had an important role in the pathogenesis of the cerebral infarction. Over half of the patients had convulsive episodes immediately prior to the onset of ...
Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation
... Overall risk of developing AF is rising. Increasing prevalence and incidence of AF Disabling co-morbid conditions such as heart failure, CHF, stroke, depression, anxiety and other arrhythmias. Medical and interventional treatments are available but are not without risk, adverse effects and do not cu ...
... Overall risk of developing AF is rising. Increasing prevalence and incidence of AF Disabling co-morbid conditions such as heart failure, CHF, stroke, depression, anxiety and other arrhythmias. Medical and interventional treatments are available but are not without risk, adverse effects and do not cu ...
Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms
... The heart has four chambers. The two upper ones are the atria, and the lower two are the ventricles. (See diagram.) Four heart valves open and close to keep the blood flowing in one direction as it's pumped through the heart. Each valve has a set of "flaps" (also called leaflets or cusps). ...
... The heart has four chambers. The two upper ones are the atria, and the lower two are the ventricles. (See diagram.) Four heart valves open and close to keep the blood flowing in one direction as it's pumped through the heart. Each valve has a set of "flaps" (also called leaflets or cusps). ...
Congenital Heart Disease
... ULTRASONOGRAPHY CAN DETECT THE DOWNS “NUCHAL FOLD” IN UTERO ! non-invasive Dx ...
... ULTRASONOGRAPHY CAN DETECT THE DOWNS “NUCHAL FOLD” IN UTERO ! non-invasive Dx ...
Unit 8: Blood / Lymph / Cardiovascular System
... 23. Define systole and diastole as the two main principle events of the cardiac cycle, and then identify the position of the heart valves during each phase of the cycle. a. systole: b. diastole: 24. Define cardiac output and identify those factors that determine it. a. definition of cardiac output: ...
... 23. Define systole and diastole as the two main principle events of the cardiac cycle, and then identify the position of the heart valves during each phase of the cycle. a. systole: b. diastole: 24. Define cardiac output and identify those factors that determine it. a. definition of cardiac output: ...
New guidelines from the American Heart Association Antibiotics and
... Scientists have found no compelling evidence that taking antibiotics before a dental procedure prevents a heart infection in patients who are at risk of developing one from dental procedures. Since the risks involved with taking antibiotics can be greater than the benefits, the AHA revised their gui ...
... Scientists have found no compelling evidence that taking antibiotics before a dental procedure prevents a heart infection in patients who are at risk of developing one from dental procedures. Since the risks involved with taking antibiotics can be greater than the benefits, the AHA revised their gui ...
Cardio-Respiratory System
... Pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries by blood Systolic Blood Pressure - pressure on walls when the ...
... Pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries by blood Systolic Blood Pressure - pressure on walls when the ...
Regulation of arterial blood pressure
... of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions that are not removed by the slowly flowing blood.The signals transmitted from the chemoreceptors excite the vasomotor center, and this elevates the arterial pressure back toward normal. However, this chemoreceptor reflex is not a powerful arterial pressure control ...
... of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions that are not removed by the slowly flowing blood.The signals transmitted from the chemoreceptors excite the vasomotor center, and this elevates the arterial pressure back toward normal. However, this chemoreceptor reflex is not a powerful arterial pressure control ...
Circulation glossary File
... white blood cells that engulf and digest harmful bacteria and other pathogens Phagocytosis The process of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles, such as bacteria, by phagocytes such as the white blood cells. Platelets Cell fragments present in blood that release chemicals to make blood clot when ...
... white blood cells that engulf and digest harmful bacteria and other pathogens Phagocytosis The process of engulfing and ingesting foreign particles, such as bacteria, by phagocytes such as the white blood cells. Platelets Cell fragments present in blood that release chemicals to make blood clot when ...
Atrial Fibrillation
... Anticoagulation is especially important if you have atrial fibrillation and you are a woman, are aged 65 years or older, or have a history of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, or diabetes. ...
... Anticoagulation is especially important if you have atrial fibrillation and you are a woman, are aged 65 years or older, or have a history of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, or diabetes. ...
Congestive Heart Failure
... Causes vary Narrowing of the arteries Greater than normal volume of blood Heart beating faster or more forcefully than it should • Another medical problem • The exact cause is not known. ...
... Causes vary Narrowing of the arteries Greater than normal volume of blood Heart beating faster or more forcefully than it should • Another medical problem • The exact cause is not known. ...
Heart Notes Handout
... Symptoms of a heart attack • Chest pain, tightness, discomfort (pressure, squeezing, fullness, pain, heartburn/indigestion feeling) • Shortness of breath (when resting) • Upper body discomfort (pain/discomfort in one/both arms, back, shoulders, neck, jaw, above belly button) • Breaking out in a col ...
... Symptoms of a heart attack • Chest pain, tightness, discomfort (pressure, squeezing, fullness, pain, heartburn/indigestion feeling) • Shortness of breath (when resting) • Upper body discomfort (pain/discomfort in one/both arms, back, shoulders, neck, jaw, above belly button) • Breaking out in a col ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.