Cardiology Review
... **Cyanosis—5mg/dl reduced hemoglobin in the peripheral capillary blood. **Congestive Heart failure Respiratory Distress—occurs due to increased pulmonary congestion. congestion Most infant’s with cyanosis from cardiac disease don’t have respiratory distress. If cyanosis is caused by fixed ...
... **Cyanosis—5mg/dl reduced hemoglobin in the peripheral capillary blood. **Congestive Heart failure Respiratory Distress—occurs due to increased pulmonary congestion. congestion Most infant’s with cyanosis from cardiac disease don’t have respiratory distress. If cyanosis is caused by fixed ...
The absolute necessity of chest-wall collapse during diving in breath
... (see Hurford et al., 1996). Importantly, this ‘extra blood’ not only does not alleviate the potentially devastating effects secondary to thoracic pooling of blood, but in fact may exacerbate vascular overdistension. For at least some cetaceans there are descriptions of muscular sphincters surrounding ...
... (see Hurford et al., 1996). Importantly, this ‘extra blood’ not only does not alleviate the potentially devastating effects secondary to thoracic pooling of blood, but in fact may exacerbate vascular overdistension. For at least some cetaceans there are descriptions of muscular sphincters surrounding ...
Unit Four: Cardiovascular System - ghshealth
... The heart is an amazing organ and has the ability to contract all on its own. If you would like, please travel to http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/steth.htm and use the stethoscope to listen to the sound of a beating heart. A unique electrical system in the heart causes it to beat in a regular rhythm ...
... The heart is an amazing organ and has the ability to contract all on its own. If you would like, please travel to http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/steth.htm and use the stethoscope to listen to the sound of a beating heart. A unique electrical system in the heart causes it to beat in a regular rhythm ...
Acute Myocardial Infarction, Ischemic, Inflammation
... Stroke, the leading cause of neurological death, is the leading cause of disability in the US.1 Ischemic stroke represents about 85% of all strokes and is a heterogeneous condition. Generally speaking, ischemic strokes can be classified into different categories according to their presumed mechanism ...
... Stroke, the leading cause of neurological death, is the leading cause of disability in the US.1 Ischemic stroke represents about 85% of all strokes and is a heterogeneous condition. Generally speaking, ischemic strokes can be classified into different categories according to their presumed mechanism ...
Aortic Aneurysms - Richard Bowman MD
... Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in more than 3% of individuals over the age of 50. They are 5 times more common in men than in women. In the majority of cases, atherosclerosis and high blood pressure (hypertension) are the underlying causes of the aneurysm. Smoking is also a major risk factor becau ...
... Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur in more than 3% of individuals over the age of 50. They are 5 times more common in men than in women. In the majority of cases, atherosclerosis and high blood pressure (hypertension) are the underlying causes of the aneurysm. Smoking is also a major risk factor becau ...
running heart rate
... As a result of Sam’s visit with her physician, the following patient history was taken and various tests were performed. Patient History: Sam is a female, 27 yr-old, non-smoker who has a few drinks 1–3 times a week. She is a healthy eater and was a vegetarian until about 6 months ago. She now eats a ...
... As a result of Sam’s visit with her physician, the following patient history was taken and various tests were performed. Patient History: Sam is a female, 27 yr-old, non-smoker who has a few drinks 1–3 times a week. She is a healthy eater and was a vegetarian until about 6 months ago. She now eats a ...
PowerPoint - The Heathland School
... of guidance and the factors you should consider when deciding on the most appropriate method to use. (12 marks) Jan 12 Describe how you would apply the ‘FITT principles’ and ‘specificity’ to improve fitness. Explain how the characteristics of the learner and the situation may influence your decision ...
... of guidance and the factors you should consider when deciding on the most appropriate method to use. (12 marks) Jan 12 Describe how you would apply the ‘FITT principles’ and ‘specificity’ to improve fitness. Explain how the characteristics of the learner and the situation may influence your decision ...
Myocardium - Cloudfront.net
... Equal volumes of blood are pumped to the pulmonary and systemic circuits at any ...
... Equal volumes of blood are pumped to the pulmonary and systemic circuits at any ...
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist and Heart Failure Following Acute
... optimal medical therapy. The current evidence-based guidelines suggest that aldosterone blockade should be an integral component of heart failure therapy to improve outcomes in this high-risk population. ...
... optimal medical therapy. The current evidence-based guidelines suggest that aldosterone blockade should be an integral component of heart failure therapy to improve outcomes in this high-risk population. ...
Treatment with beta-adrenergic blocking agents after
... a myocardial infarction. Of these, 69% were male and 78% were <75 years old; in 31%, the infarct involved the anterior wall, in 59% it was inferior or inferoposterolateral and in 9% it was not localized. A Q wave infarction occurred in 45% of patients. Transient complications among infarct survivors ...
... a myocardial infarction. Of these, 69% were male and 78% were <75 years old; in 31%, the infarct involved the anterior wall, in 59% it was inferior or inferoposterolateral and in 9% it was not localized. A Q wave infarction occurred in 45% of patients. Transient complications among infarct survivors ...
Chp31Heart as Pump - Notes For ANZCA Primary Exam
... • As circ is a close system CO usually = VR • SV determined by: o Loading factors – ! preload (PL) ! afterload (AL) o Myocardial contractility (Cx) • ∴ 4 determinants of CO: o HR o Cx o AL o PL ! All these factors also determine Myocardial O2 demand ...
... • As circ is a close system CO usually = VR • SV determined by: o Loading factors – ! preload (PL) ! afterload (AL) o Myocardial contractility (Cx) • ∴ 4 determinants of CO: o HR o Cx o AL o PL ! All these factors also determine Myocardial O2 demand ...
Current Management of Acute Coronary
... bundle branch block and can be achieved by thrombolytic therapy or by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thrombolytic therapy Evidence: More than 150,000 patients have taken part in randomised controlled trials, which have shown the benefits of thrombolytic therapy by reducing mortality in p ...
... bundle branch block and can be achieved by thrombolytic therapy or by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thrombolytic therapy Evidence: More than 150,000 patients have taken part in randomised controlled trials, which have shown the benefits of thrombolytic therapy by reducing mortality in p ...
Optimal Dosage of Insulin and Glucose in Glucose
... enrollment in the follow-up GIK II trial. If GIK therapy is as efficacious as our pilot study suggests, we feel that any delay of confirmation would only serve to postpone the clinical application of this simple, cheap, widely available, life-saving therapy. ...
... enrollment in the follow-up GIK II trial. If GIK therapy is as efficacious as our pilot study suggests, we feel that any delay of confirmation would only serve to postpone the clinical application of this simple, cheap, widely available, life-saving therapy. ...
Antiarrythmic drugs
... therefore the hypokalemia must be corrected It has no value in treating SVT Side effect its generally free from hemodynamic side effect even in patient with CHF. The higher infusion rate of 3-4 mg / min may result in drowsiness ...
... therefore the hypokalemia must be corrected It has no value in treating SVT Side effect its generally free from hemodynamic side effect even in patient with CHF. The higher infusion rate of 3-4 mg / min may result in drowsiness ...
effects on heart rate and blood pressure
... small increase in heart rate (on average less than 10 beats per minute) and/or a small increase in blood pressure (on average less than 5 mmHg). However, around 6-12% of atomoxetine patients from controlled and uncontrolled trials experienced clinically important increases in heart rate (≥20 beats p ...
... small increase in heart rate (on average less than 10 beats per minute) and/or a small increase in blood pressure (on average less than 5 mmHg). However, around 6-12% of atomoxetine patients from controlled and uncontrolled trials experienced clinically important increases in heart rate (≥20 beats p ...
In General The Specifics
... Bio 269 Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide Authored by Dr. Giovanni Casotti ...
... Bio 269 Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide Authored by Dr. Giovanni Casotti ...
Cardiovascular System
... 4. Well-trained athletes have good stroke volume – can pump slower to move an adequate amount of blood V. Overview of Blood Vessels A. General Composition and Function 1. Allow for circulation of blood and other bodily fluids to all the body’s cells 2. Three layers a. Tunica adventitia – outer layer ...
... 4. Well-trained athletes have good stroke volume – can pump slower to move an adequate amount of blood V. Overview of Blood Vessels A. General Composition and Function 1. Allow for circulation of blood and other bodily fluids to all the body’s cells 2. Three layers a. Tunica adventitia – outer layer ...
Pulmonic Stenosis Explained - New
... After the diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis is made, it is important to grade its severity. This is done with the use of the ultrasound and measures the pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve. If the pressure gradient is less than 40 millimeters of mercury (mm of Hg) than no treatment is required. ...
... After the diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis is made, it is important to grade its severity. This is done with the use of the ultrasound and measures the pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve. If the pressure gradient is less than 40 millimeters of mercury (mm of Hg) than no treatment is required. ...
2 Hemodynamic Theory on SICP
... Right Atrial Pressures and the Ventilated Patient • Breathing is assisted by ventilation, the normal decrease in thoracic pressure does not occur. Rather, the force of the air INCREASES thoracic pressure • In this situation, there will be an increase in atrial a, v, and mean pressures with inhalati ...
... Right Atrial Pressures and the Ventilated Patient • Breathing is assisted by ventilation, the normal decrease in thoracic pressure does not occur. Rather, the force of the air INCREASES thoracic pressure • In this situation, there will be an increase in atrial a, v, and mean pressures with inhalati ...
An Unusual Cause of Refractory Hypoxemia in
... was also expected to be negative in our case, as there was no intrapulmonary shunting, and macroaggregated albumin particles would still be trapped in the normal pulmonary bed. When performing contrast echocardiography by the portal approach, 3 main routes might produce contrast echoes in the left h ...
... was also expected to be negative in our case, as there was no intrapulmonary shunting, and macroaggregated albumin particles would still be trapped in the normal pulmonary bed. When performing contrast echocardiography by the portal approach, 3 main routes might produce contrast echoes in the left h ...
Artificial hearts and blood pumps in the treatment of
... Motor-driven ventricular assist pump. The compact implantable blood pump being developed for support of the systemic circulation in the patient with an irreparably damaged left ventricle is believed to be the most practical form of permanent circulatory support being developed and the form that will ...
... Motor-driven ventricular assist pump. The compact implantable blood pump being developed for support of the systemic circulation in the patient with an irreparably damaged left ventricle is believed to be the most practical form of permanent circulatory support being developed and the form that will ...
Hyperglycemia Increases New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients
... A variant incidence of AF after an AMI has been reported in previous studies. Goldberg et al. reported that the incidence of new-onset AF after AMI increased from 11.3% to 14.4% during the period 1999 to 2005.2 The development of new-onset AF after AMI was associated with an increase in the mortalit ...
... A variant incidence of AF after an AMI has been reported in previous studies. Goldberg et al. reported that the incidence of new-onset AF after AMI increased from 11.3% to 14.4% during the period 1999 to 2005.2 The development of new-onset AF after AMI was associated with an increase in the mortalit ...
Information on drug eluting stents
... exists that a blood clot may develop in the stent, a process called stent thrombosis. These blood clots can occur many months and even years after stent implantation and may lead to a heart attack or death. All stents can potentially be affected by stent thrombosis. For this reason, most patients wi ...
... exists that a blood clot may develop in the stent, a process called stent thrombosis. These blood clots can occur many months and even years after stent implantation and may lead to a heart attack or death. All stents can potentially be affected by stent thrombosis. For this reason, most patients wi ...
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34%, of ischaemic heart disease by 21%, and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. There are many classes of antihypertensives, which lower blood pressure by different means. Among the most important and most widely used drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers.Which type of medication to use initially for hypertension has been the subject of several large studies and resulting national guidelines. The fundamental goal of treatment should be the prevention of the important endpoints of hypertension, such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure. Patient age, associated clinical conditions and end-organ damage also play a part in determining dosage and type of medication administered. The several classes of antihypertensives differ in side effect profiles, ability to prevent endpoints, and cost. The choice of more expensive agents, where cheaper ones would be equally effective, may have negative impacts on national healthcare budgets. As of 2009, the best available evidence favors the thiazide diuretics as the first-line treatment of choice for high blood pressure when drugs are necessary. Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old.