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CT Calcium Score
CT Calcium Score

... • A CT Calcium Score is a convenient and noninvasive way of evaluating the coronary arteries. • It takes little time and causes no pain. • The exam does not require injection of contrast material and therefore avoids its possible side effects. • The exam can suggest the presence of CAD even when ...
PinnacleHealth CardioVascular Institute
PinnacleHealth CardioVascular Institute

... guidelines-based care to improve patient outcomes from in-hospital cardiac arrest. ...
Volume 10, N .2 March 2013
Volume 10, N .2 March 2013

... the brain) and weakening of the heart muscle. For many years only medical therapy was available. Certain drugs are used to slow down the heart rate, and for certain patients, more complex medications that affect the electric impulses within the heart are used to attempt to control the rhythm. Of cou ...
Keyhole saphenous v yhole saphenous vein harvesting for coronary
Keyhole saphenous v yhole saphenous vein harvesting for coronary

... Coronary artery disease is when 1 or more of the arteries that carry blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) become narrowed or blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits. It can cause chest pain (angina), heart attack and heart failure. Coronary artery bypass grafting (sometimes called CABG) i ...
sudden loss of consciousness (syncope)
sudden loss of consciousness (syncope)

... Vasovagal episodes and seizures must be separated from cardiac arrhythmias, for while they are important they do not commonly lead to sudden cardiac death. A vasovagal event is most often precipitated by obvious factors such as pain, nausea, seeing blood, or other unpleasant stimuli. The individual ...
Congestive heart failure in rabbits
Congestive heart failure in rabbits

... Otjie. This is typical of a close friendship, with the abdomen resting over the bottom rabbit. In the bottom picture (B), Belgian giant, Adar is resting over the Rex rabbit, Flora, keeping the front thoracic portion of his body in an elevated position, a possible sign of heart failure (Picture court ...
The Cardiovascular system
The Cardiovascular system

... • Everyone should look to improve their levels of endurance or maintain them at a high standard. • To do this you must make your heart and lungs work harder in order to get them to adapt to the increased demand. • Your HR has to be kept at a high level for a period of time. ...
Respiratory System
Respiratory System

...  Anaerobic threshold or lactate threshold is generally when a person becomes “out of breath” and cannot sustain that level of intensity for more than a few minutes. – Lactate accumulates progressively in the blood and the oxygen deficit and corresponding EPOC are extremely high. – At this point, th ...
Peripheral arterial disease
Peripheral arterial disease

... There should be no weakness or numbness. Pain resolves quickly on rest(<5mins). Spinal pain( nerve root irritation, spinal stenosis) usually gives symptoms localised to a muscle group, accompanied by weakness ...
3. Treatment of CHF
3. Treatment of CHF

... separate the IgG fraction, which is cleaved into Fab and Fc fragments by papain digestion The Fab fragments are not antigenic and with no complement binding They are excreted fairly rapidly excreted by the kidney as a digoxin-bound complex ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
Sample pages 2 PDF

... b. Decreases the incidence of pleural effusion. c. Increases the mortality rate in patients undergoing the procedure. d. Can be closed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory later during hospitalization. 39. When an infant with transposition of the great arteries and an intact ventricular septum ...
Transportation and Excretion 7 Biology
Transportation and Excretion 7 Biology

... Ans: When the blood is pumped by heart toward cell , it comes at very high pressure and to withstand that high pressure the arteries have thick and elastic walls. Q.22: Describe the function of the heart. Ans: 1. Heart is triangular shaped organ. It is made up of cardiac muscles and is located betwe ...
Clinical case
Clinical case

... common sites for benign cardiac myxomas are identical, there is no evidence that cardiac osteosarcomas represent malignant transformation of originally benign tumors [4]. The nature of the clinical presentation may help to suggest the diagnosis, because malignant cardiac tumors often show clinical f ...
1. The Circulatory System
1. The Circulatory System

... Hypertension, or high blood pressure, occurs when a high force of blood presses against the artery walls over time. This condition can develop from a diet high in salt, smoking, kidney disease, or some other underlying medical condition. Untreated high blood pressure may lead to stroke, heart failur ...
Tsuda, T. Pediatric Cardiologist and Associate Professor of
Tsuda, T. Pediatric Cardiologist and Associate Professor of

... may reflect abnormal underlying hemodynamic status such as ventricular volume or pressure overload (Table 4). This new classification would be helpful in understanding pathophysiology of variable clinical presentation of cyanotic CHD. Some cyanotic CHD can be classified into one of the above four ca ...
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hypoplastic left heart syndrome
hypoplastic left heart syndrome

... only a small amount of blood is pumped into the lungs. Most of the blood bypasses the lungs through the oval foramen and the arterial duct. Onset of breathing, expansion of the lungs and establishment of effective ventilation results in a decrease in pulmonary resistance and an increase of pulmonary ...
Electrocardiography - BLUE CROSS HOSPITAL
Electrocardiography - BLUE CROSS HOSPITAL

... The electrocardiography is a technique of recording the bio-electric currents generated by the heart. The graphical display of this recording is called electrocardiogram. The acronym ECG, refers in general to both electrocardiogram and electrocardiography. Sometimes, the acronym EKG is used instead ...
computer-aided diagnosis of heart diseases based on
computer-aided diagnosis of heart diseases based on

... and generally audible only in children and in some adults. The fourth sound, S4, occurs when the atria contract and propel blood into the ventricles. It’s low pitched and it’s not audible, but it can be recorded by the phonocardiogram. ...
Feb 17 CV IV
Feb 17 CV IV

... In response to the pulsatile contraction of the heart: pulses of pressure move throughout the vasculature, decreasing in amplitude with distance ...
More respect for the CVP - Area
More respect for the CVP - Area

... considerations and can potentially lead to errors in clinical management. Firstly, in the steady state, cardiac output must equal venous return. Therefore, a decrease in cardiac output means that there is a decrease in venous return. Secondly, it needs to be appreciated that the heart does not contr ...
Activity 4.3.4 Raising the Beat
Activity 4.3.4 Raising the Beat

... the sounds. Remember the number on the gauge where you first heard the thumping sound. Continue to listen and read the gauge at the point where the sound stops. The number of the first sound is the systolic pressure. The second number is the diastolic pressure. ...
THE VITAL ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE
THE VITAL ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE

... cardiovascular system maintains a constant level of NO at a given blood flow. When blood flow increases, the endothelium releases more NO to maintain its constant concentration in the blood stream. When this normal level is not produced, because production is blocked by pathological states such as d ...
NOUVEAUTES en STIMULATION CARDIAQUE
NOUVEAUTES en STIMULATION CARDIAQUE

... PACING ...
Anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery in patients with heart failure
Anesthesia for non-cardiac surgery in patients with heart failure

... 1. Perioperative cardiovascular complications in these high-risk elderly all-comer surgical patients with known cardiovascular disease are relatively rare, but once they occur, the case fatality is high. 2. Perioperative bleeding complications are more frequent, but their case fatality is extremel ...
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Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries



dextro-Transposition of the great arteries (d-Transposition of the great arteries, dextro-TGA, or d-TGA), sometimes also referred to as complete transposition of the great arteries, is a birth defect in the large arteries of the heart. The primary arteries (the aorta and the pulmonary artery) are transposed.It is called a cyanotic congenital heart defect (CHD) because the newborn infant turns blue from lack of oxygen.In segmental analysis, this condition is described as ventriculoarterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance, or just ventriculoarterial discordance.d-TGA is often referred to simply as transposition of the great arteries (TGA); however, TGA is a more general term which may also refer to levo-transposition of the great arteries (l-TGA).Another term commonly used to refer to both d-TGA and l-TGA is transposition of the great vessels (TGV), although this term might have an even broader meaning than TGA.
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