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Information and Entropy in Neural Networks and Interacting Systems
Information and Entropy in Neural Networks and Interacting Systems

... network and why a generalization of the definition of entropy may be required. Like neural networks, large ensembles of similar units that interact also need a generalization of classical information-theoretic concepts. We extend the concept of Shannon entropy in a novel way, which may be relevant w ...
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... want of any controlled way to compute properties of the Kondo lattice. In the early 1980s, Anderson (1981) proposed a way out of this log-jam. Taking a cue from the success of the 1/S expansion in spin-wave theory, and the 1/N expansion in statistical mechanics and particle physics, he noted that th ...
Entanglement Criteria for Continuous
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lecture notes on statistical mechanics - MSU Physics

... state i to state j is the same as the rate at which one changes from state j to state i. Here, we can consider a state as a quantum eigenstate of the entire system. All static systems, no matter how large or how many particles, have eigenstates, even if they are extremely tightly spaced. If a state ...
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Dynamic Line Integral Convolution: A Guide to the Java Software
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An Introduction to the Quark Model

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... the resonant interaction is inherently time dependent, since it involves a nearly reversible and periodic excitation transfer between the two atoms. For nonidentical atoms, in the weak coupling regime, the probability of total excitation transfer is small, it is attenuated by the spontaneous emissio ...
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... 22.8.1. Two positively charged particles are in fixed locations on the x axis. A test charge that is free to move about the x-y plane is placed at the mid-point between the two positively charged particles. If the test charge is held stationary at the mid-point and then released, it remains station ...
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... (1 + µ)1/2 ,P0 ≈ 0 from Eq. (4). The states are symmetrical, since they correspond to time translation by the modulation period, in the laboratory frame. The contributions to (ω) from fluctuations about the stable states are equal, and it is sufficient to study one of them. For concreteness, we wil ...
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... I appreciate help that I have received from many people in order to accomplish this work. First of all, the Condensed Matter Theory Center (CMTC) has been an enriching environment for my graduate research. I have asked innumerable questions, from mundane to profound, of present and past CMTC post-do ...
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Ground states of helium to neon and their ions in strong magnetic

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The Physics of Electrodynamic Ion Traps

... The basic idea of an ion trap is to confine a charged particle in free space, away from any other matter, using electric fields alone. There is a famous theorem, called Earnshaw’s theorem, stating that one cannot construct a stable ion trap using electrostatic fields alone. To trap a positively char ...
Chapter 19: Problems
Chapter 19: Problems

... 30. As shown in Figure 19.48, a long straight wire, carrying a current I up the page, lies in the plane of a loop. The long straight wire is 40 cm from the center of the loop, which has a radius of 20 cm. Initially, the magnetic field at the center of the loop is due only to the current in the long ...
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Basic Notions of Entropy and Entanglement

... at temperature T , we need to do work N T ln 2. 2. Classical Entanglement We3 say that two subsystems of a given system are entangled if they are not independent. Quantum entanglement can occur at the level of wave functions or operators, and has some special features, but there is nothing intrinsic ...
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History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1950s, and led to the introduction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED was so successful and ""natural"" that efforts were made to use the same basic concepts for the other forces of nature. These efforts were successful in the application of gauge theory to the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, producing the modern standard model of particle physics. Efforts to describe gravity using the same techniques have, to date, failed. The study of quantum field theory is alive and flourishing, as are applications of this method to many physical problems. It remains one of the most vital areas of theoretical physics today, providing a common language to many branches of physics.
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