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An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics
An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics

... with each other? What, indeed, should we ask of a mathematical theory of elementary particles? Sinc the discovery of the electron, and more particularly in the last sixty years, there has been an immens amount of experimental and theoretical effort to determine answers to these questions. The prese ...
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... instead of discrete particles, to obtain the same type of energy spectrum as (7), but with a different c, which in this case is the speed of light in vacuum. The energy quanta in this case are called “photons.” It is important here to note that the process of diagonalization and quantization are exa ...
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Real-World Quantum Measurements

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CHEM 121
CHEM 121

... ♦ The more precisely you know the position of an object, the less precisely you know its momentum, and vice versa. ♦ This is a fundamental uncertainty, unlike the uncertainty in lab where you can develop more accurate methods/instruments. ♦ Follows from wave nature of matter. ♦ Or photon has momentu ...
conserved in strong interactions
conserved in strong interactions

Time Evolution in Closed Quantum Systems
Time Evolution in Closed Quantum Systems

Doc - Paradigm Shift Now
Doc - Paradigm Shift Now

... The concept of symmetry can be expanded to include things other than time or space. There is a close connection between symmetry and conservation laws. One of the best established conservation laws is that of electric charge. What is the nature of the symmetry associated with conservation of electri ...
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Physics 13: Introduction to Modern Physics Tufts University, Fall 2008

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Problem Set 1 - MIT OpenCourseWare

Quantum Control in Cold Atom Systems
Quantum Control in Cold Atom Systems

is the “quantum number”
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The evolution of Pauli`s exclusion principle

King Abdulaziz University, Department of Physics, Jeddah
King Abdulaziz University, Department of Physics, Jeddah

< 1 ... 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 ... 562 >

History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1950s, and led to the introduction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED was so successful and ""natural"" that efforts were made to use the same basic concepts for the other forces of nature. These efforts were successful in the application of gauge theory to the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, producing the modern standard model of particle physics. Efforts to describe gravity using the same techniques have, to date, failed. The study of quantum field theory is alive and flourishing, as are applications of this method to many physical problems. It remains one of the most vital areas of theoretical physics today, providing a common language to many branches of physics.
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