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Quantum Confinement in Nanometric Structures
Quantum Confinement in Nanometric Structures

... appears only at low voltages. This fact was explained by studying the I – V characteristics. The characteristic taken at the same concentration is presented in Fig. 6 (Ciurea et al., 2006). From Fig. 4 one can see that the quantum dots form chains, but these chains are not long enough to reach from ...
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... fluctuations in the amplitude of the superconducting order, within the ordered superconducting phase only, has a relativistic form and so a Higgs mode is present (P. B. Littlewood and C. M. Varma, Phys. Rev. B 26, 4883 (1982)). The recent condensed matter realizations of the Higgs mode are associate ...
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... Discussion of the solution: radius of the atom In Bohr’s atomic theory the radius of the H-atom is a trivial concept: the atom ends at the orbit where the electron is situated. In case of the 1s orbital the radius is 1 bohr. But how this concept can be defined in case of quantum mechanics? The probl ...
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History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1950s, and led to the introduction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED was so successful and ""natural"" that efforts were made to use the same basic concepts for the other forces of nature. These efforts were successful in the application of gauge theory to the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, producing the modern standard model of particle physics. Efforts to describe gravity using the same techniques have, to date, failed. The study of quantum field theory is alive and flourishing, as are applications of this method to many physical problems. It remains one of the most vital areas of theoretical physics today, providing a common language to many branches of physics.
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