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Electron correlation in three-body Coulomb states of barium
Electron correlation in three-body Coulomb states of barium

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... modes are super Yang-Mills in 10D. (b) As we said, there must be closed strings (unitarity). The massless modes are N=1 SUGRA in 10D. (c) One can associate a charge to an end of an open string. ...
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Interactions and Interference in Quantum Dots: Kinks in Coulomb

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... physics, covering the traditional topics in non-relativistic quantum mechanics and atomic physics. A few lectures on relativistic kinematics would also be useful, but this is not essential as the necessary background is given in appendix B and is only used in a few places in the book. I have not tri ...
Quantum Mechanics
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...  the state of a particle in quantum mechanics is not just given by its position and momentum but by something called a "wavefunction."  knowing the state of a particle (i.e., its wavefunction) does not enable you to predict the results of measurements with certainty, but rather gives you a set of ...
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... The appearance of massless particles when a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken is a general result, known as Goldstone's theorem. Goldstone's theorem states that for every spontaneously broken continuous symmetry, the theory must contain a massless particle. The massless elds that arise th ...
Exam 1 - UF Physics
Exam 1 - UF Physics

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History of quantum field theory

In particle physics, the history of quantum field theory starts with its creation by Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the electromagnetic field in the late 1920s. Major advances in the theory were made in the 1950s, and led to the introduction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED was so successful and ""natural"" that efforts were made to use the same basic concepts for the other forces of nature. These efforts were successful in the application of gauge theory to the strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force, producing the modern standard model of particle physics. Efforts to describe gravity using the same techniques have, to date, failed. The study of quantum field theory is alive and flourishing, as are applications of this method to many physical problems. It remains one of the most vital areas of theoretical physics today, providing a common language to many branches of physics.
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