Physical Limits of Computing
... Anyway, regardless of our state of knowledge, note that the sum of the system's entropy and its known information is always conserved. Known information and entropy are just two forms of the same fundamental quantity, somewhat analogously to kinetic and potential energy. Whether a system contains kn ...
... Anyway, regardless of our state of knowledge, note that the sum of the system's entropy and its known information is always conserved. Known information and entropy are just two forms of the same fundamental quantity, somewhat analogously to kinetic and potential energy. Whether a system contains kn ...
Basic Fluorescence Principles I
... the excited fluorophore cannot rotate during the lifetime of the excited state (for example if the fluorophores are embedded in a highly viscous or frozen medium). If we were to now measure the polarization of the emission it would be less than +1 since some of the dipoles excited will not be exactl ...
... the excited fluorophore cannot rotate during the lifetime of the excited state (for example if the fluorophores are embedded in a highly viscous or frozen medium). If we were to now measure the polarization of the emission it would be less than +1 since some of the dipoles excited will not be exactl ...
Chapter 2 Theory of angular momentum
... We mentioned that the commutation relations between the components of an angular momentum are the expression of the geometrical properties of rotations in ordinary 3D space. Here we want to show that and investigate the relation between rotation and angular momentum operators. Consider a state descr ...
... We mentioned that the commutation relations between the components of an angular momentum are the expression of the geometrical properties of rotations in ordinary 3D space. Here we want to show that and investigate the relation between rotation and angular momentum operators. Consider a state descr ...
Entanglement and its Role in Shor`s Algorithm
... within a register can be obtained by applying a partial transpose to each subset of qubits and calculating the negativity [9, 10] given by η = Tr|ρT | − 1 i.e., the sum of the negative eigenvalues of the transposed matrix ρTL or ρTS . If the negativity is zero for all possible subsets of qubits in t ...
... within a register can be obtained by applying a partial transpose to each subset of qubits and calculating the negativity [9, 10] given by η = Tr|ρT | − 1 i.e., the sum of the negative eigenvalues of the transposed matrix ρTL or ρTS . If the negativity is zero for all possible subsets of qubits in t ...
Signed quantum weight enumerators
... is viable for distilling |T i states. But if the sign of any of these operators is flipped, the code becomes useless for this kind of distillation, so sign cannot be ignored. One connection to classical coding theory seems to remain: the NP-hardness of computing the weight enumerator. The difficulty ...
... is viable for distilling |T i states. But if the sign of any of these operators is flipped, the code becomes useless for this kind of distillation, so sign cannot be ignored. One connection to classical coding theory seems to remain: the NP-hardness of computing the weight enumerator. The difficulty ...
A Noncommutative Sigma Model by Mauritz van den Worm
... and study some of its more interesting properties, such as the fact that it can be written as a crossed product which will greatly aid us in determining its K-theory and the unique trace on the quantum torus. The final section of Chapter 1 deals with a finite dimensional representation of the quantu ...
... and study some of its more interesting properties, such as the fact that it can be written as a crossed product which will greatly aid us in determining its K-theory and the unique trace on the quantum torus. The final section of Chapter 1 deals with a finite dimensional representation of the quantu ...
Infrared absorption of holes in a parabolic quantum well M. Sundaram
... envelope functions.18 The well is sandwiched between two Al0.35Ga0.65As barriers; Be-doped regions in the barriers set back 105 Å from the well edges supply holes to the well. Ohmic contacts to the hole gas in the well were made by alloying In/Zn contacts to the sample surface; a Ti/Au gate was then ...
... envelope functions.18 The well is sandwiched between two Al0.35Ga0.65As barriers; Be-doped regions in the barriers set back 105 Å from the well edges supply holes to the well. Ohmic contacts to the hole gas in the well were made by alloying In/Zn contacts to the sample surface; a Ti/Au gate was then ...
POLYNOMIAL-TIME ALGORITHMS FOR PRIME FACTORIZATION
... Because of the remarkable e ectiveness of our mathematical models of computation, computer scientists have tended to forget that computation is dependent on the laws of physics. This can be seen in the statement of the quantitative Church's thesis in van Emde Boas [1990], where the word \physical" i ...
... Because of the remarkable e ectiveness of our mathematical models of computation, computer scientists have tended to forget that computation is dependent on the laws of physics. This can be seen in the statement of the quantitative Church's thesis in van Emde Boas [1990], where the word \physical" i ...
An Introduction to Quantum Game Theory
... that makes quantum games different from classical games, whether or not the superposed states are entangled. For dynamic games, superposition suffices, though static games generally require entanglement also. (Superposition is the ability of a quantum observable to be in a linear combination of two ...
... that makes quantum games different from classical games, whether or not the superposed states are entangled. For dynamic games, superposition suffices, though static games generally require entanglement also. (Superposition is the ability of a quantum observable to be in a linear combination of two ...
Numerical Methods for strongly correlated electrons
... only the knowledge of the non vanishing matrix elements are required. It is simple to show that for large number of iterations n the iterated wavefunction ψn converges to the ground state φ0 (x) for a large enough constant Λ. Indeed , we can expand the initial wavefunction in the basis of eigenstate ...
... only the knowledge of the non vanishing matrix elements are required. It is simple to show that for large number of iterations n the iterated wavefunction ψn converges to the ground state φ0 (x) for a large enough constant Λ. Indeed , we can expand the initial wavefunction in the basis of eigenstate ...
Three particle Hyper Entanglement: Teleportation and Quantum Key
... have been demonstrated for teleporting an unknown quantum state [1], super dense coding of information [2] and secure communication [3]. An arbitrary qubit can be teleported from one particle to another with the use of an entangled pair of particles, which had been experimentally verified in differe ...
... have been demonstrated for teleporting an unknown quantum state [1], super dense coding of information [2] and secure communication [3]. An arbitrary qubit can be teleported from one particle to another with the use of an entangled pair of particles, which had been experimentally verified in differe ...
Generalized binomial distribution in photon statistics
... associated with intensity fluctuations. As shown in Sections IV-V, the photon bunching effect in the BE statistics is rather similar to the quantum interference effect, which was first observed in [2]. The problem considered in this work is stated in Section II, which also contains the basic formula ...
... associated with intensity fluctuations. As shown in Sections IV-V, the photon bunching effect in the BE statistics is rather similar to the quantum interference effect, which was first observed in [2]. The problem considered in this work is stated in Section II, which also contains the basic formula ...
Quantum Theory: a Pragmatist Approach
... person holding it. If so, even the arch subjectivist de Finetti here adopts a natural property account of probability! Of course, he would insist that different persons may, and often do, hold different beliefs, which makes probability personalist—varying from person to person—and to that extent su ...
... person holding it. If so, even the arch subjectivist de Finetti here adopts a natural property account of probability! Of course, he would insist that different persons may, and often do, hold different beliefs, which makes probability personalist—varying from person to person—and to that extent su ...
COHERENT STATES FOR CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM AS
... hypergeometric coherent states (GH-CSs), introduced in [5] and applied to the mixed (thermal) states in [6]. Moreover, the calculations involving CSs often involve the use of certain operator ordering rules. For the CSs of one dimensional harmonic oscillator it is used the integration within an orde ...
... hypergeometric coherent states (GH-CSs), introduced in [5] and applied to the mixed (thermal) states in [6]. Moreover, the calculations involving CSs often involve the use of certain operator ordering rules. For the CSs of one dimensional harmonic oscillator it is used the integration within an orde ...
Measurements in Quantum Optics
... After a short introduction to the general aspects of measurements in quantum mechanics, it presents three examples of a measurement process in concrete applications to quantum optics. For one, while operators describing quantities of interest might have a simple theoretical form, it is often hard to ...
... After a short introduction to the general aspects of measurements in quantum mechanics, it presents three examples of a measurement process in concrete applications to quantum optics. For one, while operators describing quantities of interest might have a simple theoretical form, it is often hard to ...