CHAPTER 1 Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets
... • Asteroids can be classified by their albedo and color, which reveal clues to their compositions. ...
... • Asteroids can be classified by their albedo and color, which reveal clues to their compositions. ...
A coupling of the origin of asteroid belt, planetary ring
... belt to planet-crossing orbits is still unclear (Duncan et al. 1988). In the last 20 years, though a lot of Trans-Neptunian objects had been found from the proposed Kuiper belt, there is no evidence to show that these Trans-Neptunian objects are really linked to comets. The recent discovery of main ...
... belt to planet-crossing orbits is still unclear (Duncan et al. 1988). In the last 20 years, though a lot of Trans-Neptunian objects had been found from the proposed Kuiper belt, there is no evidence to show that these Trans-Neptunian objects are really linked to comets. The recent discovery of main ...
dynamical history of the asteroid belt and implications for terrestrial
... Jupiter in several locations in the main belt cause asteroids to follow chaotic orbits, cross the orbits of the major planets, and be removed from the main belt (Wisdom, 1987). These regions are therefore emptied of asteroids over the age of the solar system, forming the well-known Kirkwood gaps (Ki ...
... Jupiter in several locations in the main belt cause asteroids to follow chaotic orbits, cross the orbits of the major planets, and be removed from the main belt (Wisdom, 1987). These regions are therefore emptied of asteroids over the age of the solar system, forming the well-known Kirkwood gaps (Ki ...
A coupling of the origin of asteroid belt, planetary ring
... belt to planet-crossing orbits is still unknown (Duncan et al. 1988). In the last 20 years, though a lot of Trans-Neptunian objects had been found from the proposed Kuiper belt, there is no evidence to show that these objects are indeed linked to comets. The recent discovery of main belt comets (Hsi ...
... belt to planet-crossing orbits is still unknown (Duncan et al. 1988). In the last 20 years, though a lot of Trans-Neptunian objects had been found from the proposed Kuiper belt, there is no evidence to show that these objects are indeed linked to comets. The recent discovery of main belt comets (Hsi ...
Origin and Evolution of Trojan Asteroids
... a stable fashion over the age of the solar system, and that this region, as expected, is significantly wider than that defined by Georgilli and Skokos (1997). An immediate question arising from the Levison et al. (1997) results arises: What causes the instability outside this region? Is the destabil ...
... a stable fashion over the age of the solar system, and that this region, as expected, is significantly wider than that defined by Georgilli and Skokos (1997). An immediate question arising from the Levison et al. (1997) results arises: What causes the instability outside this region? Is the destabil ...
Regular and Chaotic Dynamics in the Mean
... with Jupiter, the latter hosting the Hilda group. The 2:1 MMR possesses a core with dynamical lifetime comparable to the age of the solar system, where currently nearly 30 small asteroids are known (the Zhongguo group). We devote section 5 to this subject. A major breakthrough, already signaled by t ...
... with Jupiter, the latter hosting the Hilda group. The 2:1 MMR possesses a core with dynamical lifetime comparable to the age of the solar system, where currently nearly 30 small asteroids are known (the Zhongguo group). We devote section 5 to this subject. A major breakthrough, already signaled by t ...
PPT
... • 150,000 catalogued, as many as grains of sand on the beach • Size - few km typical, 1000 km largest (half Pluto) • Density - 2 - 3 gm/cm3 • Note: About as expected for rock in low gravity • Shape - Irregular because of low mass => low gravity ...
... • 150,000 catalogued, as many as grains of sand on the beach • Size - few km typical, 1000 km largest (half Pluto) • Density - 2 - 3 gm/cm3 • Note: About as expected for rock in low gravity • Shape - Irregular because of low mass => low gravity ...
Growing the Terrestrial Planets from the Gradual
... the outer Solar System is unable to penetrate the snow-line, presumably due to sublimation. But no matter the mechanism, this assumption is required because solids from the outer Solar System are too carbon rich to have contributed more than a few percent of the mass of the terrestrial planets (see ...
... the outer Solar System is unable to penetrate the snow-line, presumably due to sublimation. But no matter the mechanism, this assumption is required because solids from the outer Solar System are too carbon rich to have contributed more than a few percent of the mass of the terrestrial planets (see ...
High-velocity collisions from the lunar cataclysm recorded in
... 1.7 and 3.5 au, with all objects having eccentricity e < 0.3 and inclination i < 20◦ (Fig. 3a); full initial conditions are described in refs 12,24; see also Methods. Then, at 4.1 Gyr ago, we assumed the gas giant planets experienced a dynamical instability, with planetary encounters driving them to ...
... 1.7 and 3.5 au, with all objects having eccentricity e < 0.3 and inclination i < 20◦ (Fig. 3a); full initial conditions are described in refs 12,24; see also Methods. Then, at 4.1 Gyr ago, we assumed the gas giant planets experienced a dynamical instability, with planetary encounters driving them to ...
Other topics
... Scattered disc objects have high e and perihelion between 33 and 40 AU Centaurs have perihelion within 30 AU – source of Jupiter family comets Classical KBOs have low e and semimajor axes between 37 and 48 AU – future target of New Horizons Copenhagen 2015 (Lecture 3) ...
... Scattered disc objects have high e and perihelion between 33 and 40 AU Centaurs have perihelion within 30 AU – source of Jupiter family comets Classical KBOs have low e and semimajor axes between 37 and 48 AU – future target of New Horizons Copenhagen 2015 (Lecture 3) ...
Jovian Planet Systems
... discovered by Dawn spacecraft high albedo > 40% low albedo surroundings ...
... discovered by Dawn spacecraft high albedo > 40% low albedo surroundings ...
A coupling of the origin of asteroid belt, planetary ring
... (Fig.1): A two-body system is orbiting a center body. With the passage of time, the two bodies of the two-body system due to orbital shrinkage occurs a smashing collision to eject fragments. But under the effect of hierarchical two-body gravitation, these fragments are still constrained in a series ...
... (Fig.1): A two-body system is orbiting a center body. With the passage of time, the two bodies of the two-body system due to orbital shrinkage occurs a smashing collision to eject fragments. But under the effect of hierarchical two-body gravitation, these fragments are still constrained in a series ...
Main-belt comets as tracers of ice in the inner Solar system
... If MBCs are to be considered reliable compositional probes of ice in the inner solar system, besides confirming that they in fact contain ice, it is clearly also essential to confirm that they are actually representative of the primordial inner solar system. This question originally arose in the cas ...
... If MBCs are to be considered reliable compositional probes of ice in the inner solar system, besides confirming that they in fact contain ice, it is clearly also essential to confirm that they are actually representative of the primordial inner solar system. This question originally arose in the cas ...
A coupling of the origin of asteroid belt, planetary ring
... are divided by many gaps that seem like boundaries, the particles in each ring appear to orderly orbit in their realm and do not ride over these boundaries. It is very difficult for Canup’s model to account for these significant features. The origin of comet includes Oort cloud hypothesis that propo ...
... are divided by many gaps that seem like boundaries, the particles in each ring appear to orderly orbit in their realm and do not ride over these boundaries. It is very difficult for Canup’s model to account for these significant features. The origin of comet includes Oort cloud hypothesis that propo ...
Asteroids, Meteors, Comets
... • Are the asteroids a planet that was somehow destroyed? • How far apart are the asteroids on average? • Why do comets have tails? • In which direction does a comet tail point? • What is a shooting star? ...
... • Are the asteroids a planet that was somehow destroyed? • How far apart are the asteroids on average? • Why do comets have tails? • In which direction does a comet tail point? • What is a shooting star? ...
The Origin of Asteroids and Meteoroids
... If so, the asteroid, its moon, and each gas molecule were probably coming from the same place and were launched at about the same time. Within a million years, passing bodies would have stripped the moons away, so these asteroid-moon captures must have been recent. From a distance, large asteroids l ...
... If so, the asteroid, its moon, and each gas molecule were probably coming from the same place and were launched at about the same time. Within a million years, passing bodies would have stripped the moons away, so these asteroid-moon captures must have been recent. From a distance, large asteroids l ...
The Primordial Excitation and Clearing of the Asteroid Belt
... None of these models is able to explain in a completely satisfactory way the sculpting of the asteroid belt. Wetherill (1992) alternatively proposed an extension of the standard model of planetary accretion in which the asteroid belt was originally a massive dynamically cold system, which contained ...
... None of these models is able to explain in a completely satisfactory way the sculpting of the asteroid belt. Wetherill (1992) alternatively proposed an extension of the standard model of planetary accretion in which the asteroid belt was originally a massive dynamically cold system, which contained ...
Evidence from the asteroid belt for a violent past evolution of
... eq. (2), that we called the ’jumping-Jupiter’ scenario. Here a Neptune-mass planet is first scattered inwards by Saturn and then outwards by Jupiter, so that the two major planets recoil in opposite directions. However, we were unable to firmly conclude that the real evolution of the giant planets h ...
... eq. (2), that we called the ’jumping-Jupiter’ scenario. Here a Neptune-mass planet is first scattered inwards by Saturn and then outwards by Jupiter, so that the two major planets recoil in opposite directions. However, we were unable to firmly conclude that the real evolution of the giant planets h ...
13. Remnants of Rock and Ice: Asteroids, Comets, and Pluto
... • Analysis of orbits shows where comets in the inner Solar System have come from. Based on the number of comets seen in the inner Solar System and the relatively short times during which comets can survive in the inner Solar System, we conclude that the Oort cloud and Kuiper belt must contain enormo ...
... • Analysis of orbits shows where comets in the inner Solar System have come from. Based on the number of comets seen in the inner Solar System and the relatively short times during which comets can survive in the inner Solar System, we conclude that the Oort cloud and Kuiper belt must contain enormo ...
3. Meteorites and Asteroids
... planetary formation assume that the inner planets and the rocky portions of the outer planets accreted from materials with approximately the same chemical composition as the primitive chondrites. Not all chondrites have primordial compositions rich in volatile elements. Some show differences that ar ...
... planetary formation assume that the inner planets and the rocky portions of the outer planets accreted from materials with approximately the same chemical composition as the primitive chondrites. Not all chondrites have primordial compositions rich in volatile elements. Some show differences that ar ...
that provides the scientific rationale for sample return from asteroids
... plex (Joswiak et al. 2000). Although their provenance is unknown, the unique characteristics of IDPs indicate that meteorites are a limited sampling of the most primitive asteroids. Sample return from asteroids Returning samples from an asteroid would have a strong impact on scientific issues that ...
... plex (Joswiak et al. 2000). Although their provenance is unknown, the unique characteristics of IDPs indicate that meteorites are a limited sampling of the most primitive asteroids. Sample return from asteroids Returning samples from an asteroid would have a strong impact on scientific issues that ...
Dynamical transport of asteroid fragments from the ν6 resonance
... that are very close to the ν6 resonance. We do not necessarily think that these are realistic initial conditions of actual asteroid disruptions in the main belt. Large asteroids are not likely to remain close to a strong resonance, such as the ν6 , for hundreds of million years (which is the time in ...
... that are very close to the ν6 resonance. We do not necessarily think that these are realistic initial conditions of actual asteroid disruptions in the main belt. Large asteroids are not likely to remain close to a strong resonance, such as the ν6 , for hundreds of million years (which is the time in ...
Primordial Excitation and Depletion of the Main Belt
... independent of r, governed only by e–t/t 0. Nonetheless, encouraging results followed: e values were pumped to likely levels, easily reaching 0.3 during nebula dissipation times in the range 104 < t 0 < 105 yr. During these times both ν5 and ν6 would traverse the entire belt, commencing near Jupiter ...
... independent of r, governed only by e–t/t 0. Nonetheless, encouraging results followed: e values were pumped to likely levels, easily reaching 0.3 during nebula dissipation times in the range 104 < t 0 < 105 yr. During these times both ν5 and ν6 would traverse the entire belt, commencing near Jupiter ...
Asteroid belt
The asteroid belt is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The asteroid belt is also termed the main asteroid belt or main belt to distinguish it from other asteroid populations in the Solar System such as near-Earth asteroids and trojan asteroids. About half the mass of the belt is contained in the four largest asteroids: Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, and Hygiea. The total mass of the asteroid belt is approximately 4% that of the Moon, which is significantly less than that of Pluto and roughly twice that of Pluto's moon Charon (whose diameter is 1200 km).Ceres, the asteroid belt's only dwarf planet, is about 950 km in diameter, whereas Vesta, Pallas, and Hygiea have mean diameters of less than 600 km. The remaining bodies range down to the size of a dust particle. The asteroid material is so thinly distributed that numerous unmanned spacecraft have traversed it without incident. Nonetheless, collisions between large asteroids do occur, and these can form an asteroid family whose members have similar orbital characteristics and compositions. Individual asteroids within the asteroid belt are categorized by their spectra, with most falling into three basic groups: carbonaceous (C-type), silicate (S-type), and metal-rich (M-type).The asteroid belt formed from the primordial solar nebula as a group of planetesimals, the smaller precursors of the planets, which in turn formed protoplanets. Between Mars and Jupiter, however, gravitational perturbations from Jupiter imbued the protoplanets with too much orbital energy for them to accrete into a planet. Collisions became too violent, and instead of fusing together, the planetesimals and most of the protoplanets shattered. As a result, 99.9% of the asteroid belt's original mass was lost in the first 100 million years of the Solar System's history. Some fragments eventually found their way into the inner Solar System, leading to meteorite impacts with the inner planets. Asteroid orbits continue to be appreciably perturbed whenever their period of revolution about the Sun forms an orbital resonance with Jupiter. At these orbital distances, a Kirkwood gap occurs as they are swept into other orbits.Classes of small Solar System bodies in other regions are the near-Earth objects, the centaurs, the Kuiper belt objects, the scattered disk objects, the sednoids, and the Oort cloud objects.On 22 January 2014, ESA scientists reported the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on Ceres, the largest object in the asteroid belt. The detection was made by using the far-infrared abilities of the Herschel Space Observatory. The finding was unexpected because comets, not asteroids, are typically considered to ""sprout jets and plumes"". According to one of the scientists, ""The lines are becoming more and more blurred between comets and asteroids.""