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slides
slides

... Julian calendar was very successful for many centuries, but later on a flaw began to appear. – the solar year is shorter than 365 ¼ days by 11 minutes 12 seconds which had been adding up (one day in 130 years). Over the span of a millennia it added up to be significant. Calendar was again out of syn ...
Obliquity and precession of the equinoxes The angle ε between the
Obliquity and precession of the equinoxes The angle ε between the

... Modern astronomers now define the tropical year to be the time it takes the Sun to return to the First Point of Aries along the ecliptic. (This is essentially the same time it takes for the Sun to return each year to the position of the Tropic of Cancer at the summer solstice.) To 10 decimal places ...
Excerpts - Solar and Sidereal Time
Excerpts - Solar and Sidereal Time

... The astronomical day begins at noon, but in common reckoning the day begins at midnight. In England it is divided into twenty-four hours," which are counted by twelve and twelve; but in France astronomers, adopting the decimal division, divide the day into ten hours, the hour into one hundred minut ...
The Accurate Barycentric Corrections for the Detection of Extrasolar
The Accurate Barycentric Corrections for the Detection of Extrasolar

... In Fig. 1 there is the graphical representation of the differences in radial–velocity corrections between the programs BarCor and Brvel. One can see that the maximum difference occurs near the celestial equator (declination close to −10◦ ) and right ascension near 22–23 h. These differences correspo ...
swiss ephemeris - Welcome, but
swiss ephemeris - Welcome, but

... The Swiss Ephemeris .................................................................................................................... 5 2. The Moshier Ephemeris.................................................................................................................... 6 3. The full JPL Ep ...
Ay123 Fall 2011 STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION Problem Set 3
Ay123 Fall 2011 STELLAR STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION Problem Set 3

... b) Assume LTE. The emergent specific intensity at the center of the Sun’s disk in the continuum is (units are ergs/cm2 /sec/steradian/micron) is 0.014×1010 at 0.2 µm, 3.63×1010 at 0.5 µm, 1.21 × 1010 at 1.0 µm, 0.18 × 1010 at 2.0 µm, and 0.0057 × 1010 at 5.0 µm. Use the emergent intensity as a funct ...
time astro 2014 - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
time astro 2014 - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

... night, the Earth points towards a different part of the universe, giving us a slightly different view of the stars.  1st night: you see a constellation at a specific coordinate at a specific time  2nd night: you see the constellation at the same coordinate, but in order to see this, you must view ...
Tidal Mechanism as an Impossible Cause of the Observed Secular
Tidal Mechanism as an Impossible Cause of the Observed Secular

... Astronomical Unit (AU) of 15 meters per century. Recently, Miura et al. (2009, PASJ, 61, 1247) proposed that angular-momentum transfer from the rotation of the Sun to the orbital motion of the solar-system planets may explain the observed increase of the AU. They assumed that the tidal effect betwee ...
Time and Diurnal Motion
Time and Diurnal Motion

... is measured westward from Greenwich, England Hayward is ...
15_1655_Iaria_Presence_of_a_Third_body
15_1655_Iaria_Presence_of_a_Third_body

... The Old Orbital Ephemeris of XB 1916-053 (Hu, Chou & Chung; 2008) ...
Sidereal vs. Synodic Motion
Sidereal vs. Synodic Motion

... all intents and purposes, the sky is “fixed”, a sidereal day is when the earth rotates 360°. ...
Corresponding Angles and Distances forvJarded expressly for
Corresponding Angles and Distances forvJarded expressly for

... the apparent orbit must be highly elongated, and the period somewhere about 52 years. "In the meantime it is evidently important that the pair should be carefully 'vatched for the next year or two with such instruments as are still capable of dividing it." ...
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe

... calculation to get a sense for how big a number should be • Recipe: round every number involved up to one sig fig and keep the exponent ...
Study Guide for 1ST Astronomy Exam
Study Guide for 1ST Astronomy Exam

...  Describe the location of sunrise and sunset along the horizon for any given day of the year. (Figure 7.1)  Describe how the maximum altitude of the Sun depends on day of the year. Fig 7.1)  Explain why the solar day is different from the sidereal day. (Fig 7.2)  Describe how day length varies d ...
word - IMCCE
word - IMCCE

... radians per day, "k" being the constant of Gauss, the unit of time being the day and the unit of mass, the mass of the Sun. It is seen here that the basic unit in astronomy is linked to the dimension of the solar system and to the motion of the Earth. Indeed, all the distances in the solar system ma ...
CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY

... astronomical instruments, time, moon and eclipses, earth as a planet, other solar system objects. ...
Numbers to Keep in Mind
Numbers to Keep in Mind

... §  Heliocentric Correction: because the Earth orbits the Sun, the light-travel time from an astronomical object may vary by up to ± 8.3 min. This is the heliocentric time correction (sometimes called the Rømer delay). (Note: there is also a heliocentric velocity correction, due to the Earth’s motion ...
Numbers to Keep in Mind
Numbers to Keep in Mind

... §  Heliocentric Correction: because the Earth orbits the Sun, the light-travel time from an astronomical object may vary by up to ± 8.3 min. This is the heliocentric time correction (sometimes called the Rømer delay). (Note: there is also a heliocentric velocity correction, due to the Earth’s motio ...
Solar System Bead Distance Activity
Solar System Bead Distance Activity

... Our Solar System is immense in size by normal standards. We think of the planets as revolving around the Sun, but rarely consider how far each planet is from the Sun. Furthermore, we fail to appreciate the even greater distances to the other stars. Astronomers use the distance from the Sun to the Ea ...
Time
Time

... The measurement of time passage probably began with the concepts of past, present, and future. Throughout history humans have used various celestial bodies—that is, the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars—to measure the passage of time. Ancient peoples used the apparent motion of these bodies ...
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Ephemeris time

The term ephemeris time (often abbreviated ET) can in principle refer to time in connection with any astronomical ephemeris. In practice it has been used more specifically to refer to: a former standard astronomical time scale adopted in 1952 by the IAU, and superseded in the 1970s. This time scale was proposed in 1948, to overcome the drawbacks of irregularly fluctuating mean solar time. The intent was to define a uniform time (as far as was then feasible) based on Newtonian theory (see below: Definition of ephemeris time (1952)). Ephemeris time was a first application of the concept of a dynamical time scale, in which the time and time scale are defined implicitly, inferred from the observed position of an astronomical object via the dynamical theory of its motion. a modern relativistic coordinate time scale, implemented by the JPL ephemeris time argument Teph, in a series of numerically integrated Development Ephemerides. Among them is the DE405 ephemeris in widespread current use. The time scale represented by Teph is closely related to, but distinct (by an offset and constant rate) from, the TCB time scale currently adopted as a standard by the IAU (see below: JPL ephemeris time argument Teph).Most of the following sections relate to the ephemeris time of the 1952 standard.An impression has sometimes arisen that ephemeris time was in use from 1900: this probably arose because ET, though proposed and adopted in the period 1948–1952, was defined in detail using formulae that made retrospective use of the epoch date of 1900 January 0 and of Newcomb's Tables of the Sun.The ephemeris time of the 1952 standard leaves a continuing legacy, through its ephemeris second which became closely duplicated in the length of the current standard SI second (see below: Redefinition of the second).
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