What is flu? What does the vaccine protect against? Why should
... can cause very serious illness for both the mother and her baby. There are several reasons for this: ...
... can cause very serious illness for both the mother and her baby. There are several reasons for this: ...
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infects Atlantic
... ubiquitous in mammals. Although natural infections are generally considered benign, MRV Type 3 Dearing (T3D) has been used to induce myocarditis experimentally in mice [11]. Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) infections in chicken and turkey are associated with several disease conditions [12-14]. In both pou ...
... ubiquitous in mammals. Although natural infections are generally considered benign, MRV Type 3 Dearing (T3D) has been used to induce myocarditis experimentally in mice [11]. Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) infections in chicken and turkey are associated with several disease conditions [12-14]. In both pou ...
Is there a pathogenic role of autoimmune responses in Chagas
... patients. Chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) is thus the most devastating manifestation of Chagas’ disease. However, despite affecting about a third of the infected people, the pathogenesis of CCC is still poorly understood. CCC may be considered as a progressive disease, in which myocardial inflamm ...
... patients. Chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) is thus the most devastating manifestation of Chagas’ disease. However, despite affecting about a third of the infected people, the pathogenesis of CCC is still poorly understood. CCC may be considered as a progressive disease, in which myocardial inflamm ...
The Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in Surveillance and Control
... what should (and should not) be sampled. In the absence of an epidemic situation, sampling should be minimal. All steam and ethylene-oxide-gas sterilizers should be checked at least once each week with a suitable live-spore preparation; 5 ethylene-oxidegas sterilizers should also be checked with eac ...
... what should (and should not) be sampled. In the absence of an epidemic situation, sampling should be minimal. All steam and ethylene-oxide-gas sterilizers should be checked at least once each week with a suitable live-spore preparation; 5 ethylene-oxidegas sterilizers should also be checked with eac ...
Chapter 2: Natural History of Anogenital Human
... search of latently infected cells, using the most sensitive research PCR methods to study microdissected germinal epithelial specimens in women who recently cleared HPV as measured by standard molecular techniques. As an alternative, benign hysterectomy specimens from women who have previously clear ...
... search of latently infected cells, using the most sensitive research PCR methods to study microdissected germinal epithelial specimens in women who recently cleared HPV as measured by standard molecular techniques. As an alternative, benign hysterectomy specimens from women who have previously clear ...
Gastroenteritis and Food-Borne Disease in Elderly People Living in
... people is primarily acquired from other infected persons and contaminated foods, although infections may also be acquired when residents have poor personal hygiene, have contaminated living environments or water, or have contact with infected pets. Early recognition of outbreaks and implementation o ...
... people is primarily acquired from other infected persons and contaminated foods, although infections may also be acquired when residents have poor personal hygiene, have contaminated living environments or water, or have contact with infected pets. Early recognition of outbreaks and implementation o ...
Style A-Titre article - Edinburgh Research Explorer
... survive the disease, they are left highly susceptible to secondary infections such as Escherichia coli. MDV affects mainly young birds, with most clinical signs seen at around 12 to 24 weeks of age (8, 9). The genetics of the host response to the virus have been studied for many years. There are kno ...
... survive the disease, they are left highly susceptible to secondary infections such as Escherichia coli. MDV affects mainly young birds, with most clinical signs seen at around 12 to 24 weeks of age (8, 9). The genetics of the host response to the virus have been studied for many years. There are kno ...
Respiratory Disease and Types of Pneumonia
... the lung, through the visceral pleura, into the pleural cavity. This sporadic pleuritis will results from the same micro-organism that is causing the pulmonary pathology. Inflammation and damage to the pleural surface will result in accumulation of excessive amounts of exudative pleural fluid (pleur ...
... the lung, through the visceral pleura, into the pleural cavity. This sporadic pleuritis will results from the same micro-organism that is causing the pulmonary pathology. Inflammation and damage to the pleural surface will result in accumulation of excessive amounts of exudative pleural fluid (pleur ...
Vol. 18 | Weekly issue 24 | 13 June 2013
... a history of renal transplant, who had returned from the United Arab Emirates on 17 April. He had onset of symptoms on 22 April consisting of fever (38.9°C) and diarrhoea but no respiratory signs. He was admitted in hospital A on 23 April where he was hospitalised until 29 April. On 26 April, the pa ...
... a history of renal transplant, who had returned from the United Arab Emirates on 17 April. He had onset of symptoms on 22 April consisting of fever (38.9°C) and diarrhoea but no respiratory signs. He was admitted in hospital A on 23 April where he was hospitalised until 29 April. On 26 April, the pa ...
Viral and bacterial diseases in livestock in Mongolia
... facilitating restrictions on the movement of serve as natural reservoirs of rabies２８）． susceptible livestock, fresh meat and animal products, following the OIE control policy recEquine and camel influenza ommendations for the affected countries to reEquine influenza, which had frequently acquire FMD ...
... facilitating restrictions on the movement of serve as natural reservoirs of rabies２８）． susceptible livestock, fresh meat and animal products, following the OIE control policy recEquine and camel influenza ommendations for the affected countries to reEquine influenza, which had frequently acquire FMD ...
Climate change impacts on West Nile virus transmission in a global
... in urban areas where the virus infects birds, humans, horses and other mammals [14– 23]. The distribution of WNV is dependent on the occurrence of susceptible avian reservoir hosts and competent mosquito vectors, mosquito host preference and availability of hosts [12]. Most human infections occur in ...
... in urban areas where the virus infects birds, humans, horses and other mammals [14– 23]. The distribution of WNV is dependent on the occurrence of susceptible avian reservoir hosts and competent mosquito vectors, mosquito host preference and availability of hosts [12]. Most human infections occur in ...
Latent toxoplasmosis is clinically asymptomatic, but usually life
... Numerous epidemiological and cell activity [9]. Progesterone has also clinical studies have noted differences been shown to decrease production of in the incidence and severity of NO and nitrite by macrophages [10]. parasitic diseases between males and Gay-Andrieu et al.[11] showed females. Although ...
... Numerous epidemiological and cell activity [9]. Progesterone has also clinical studies have noted differences been shown to decrease production of in the incidence and severity of NO and nitrite by macrophages [10]. parasitic diseases between males and Gay-Andrieu et al.[11] showed females. Although ...
The incubation period of beet yellowing viruses in sugar
... and on systemically-infected leaves, to which virus has been transported via the phloem system. Systemic infection extends to a few young leaves present in the heart of the plant on the infection-date and to all leaves that appear later (Roseboom and Peters, 1984; VanderWerf et al., l989a). Symptoms ...
... and on systemically-infected leaves, to which virus has been transported via the phloem system. Systemic infection extends to a few young leaves present in the heart of the plant on the infection-date and to all leaves that appear later (Roseboom and Peters, 1984; VanderWerf et al., l989a). Symptoms ...
Neonatal Herpes
... • In highly vaccinated communities, the proportion of cases that occur among people who have been vaccinated may be high • People who have not been vaccinated against mumps usually have a much greater mumps attack rate than those who have been fully vaccinated ...
... • In highly vaccinated communities, the proportion of cases that occur among people who have been vaccinated may be high • People who have not been vaccinated against mumps usually have a much greater mumps attack rate than those who have been fully vaccinated ...
Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Update and Literature Review
... Co-infection of leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS is becoming an important public health problem in different parts of the world (4, 9, 10) and also in our country (11). Travelers to tropical and subtropical areas (including Mediterranean countries) (8) are at risk of exposure to leishmaniasis, and this pa ...
... Co-infection of leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS is becoming an important public health problem in different parts of the world (4, 9, 10) and also in our country (11). Travelers to tropical and subtropical areas (including Mediterranean countries) (8) are at risk of exposure to leishmaniasis, and this pa ...
Dipping and Tick Destruction (PART IV)
... hypostome deep into the layers of the skin of the host. 'Vhen this process is once effected the tick is so firmly attached to its host that it is with difficulty it can be pulled away, the traction either leaving the head of the tick behind with its mouth parts buried in the tissues, or tearing away ...
... hypostome deep into the layers of the skin of the host. 'Vhen this process is once effected the tick is so firmly attached to its host that it is with difficulty it can be pulled away, the traction either leaving the head of the tick behind with its mouth parts buried in the tissues, or tearing away ...
Universal Reporting Form
... IgM anti-HAV: Pos Neg Unk Hepatitis B (HEB) Report at least one positive hepatitis B test result: Total Ab to Hepatitis B is NOT reportable Pos Neg Unk IgM anti-HBc If positive, describe symptoms and risks in comments box on page 1 and indicate sexual partners in the past year (Check o ...
... IgM anti-HAV: Pos Neg Unk Hepatitis B (HEB) Report at least one positive hepatitis B test result: Total Ab to Hepatitis B is NOT reportable Pos Neg Unk IgM anti-HBc If positive, describe symptoms and risks in comments box on page 1 and indicate sexual partners in the past year (Check o ...
Kelsey Slader and Alex Gray
... this is a vital issue that should possibly have more UN interest. The World Health Organization provided a mass vaccination in 1978 in order to eliminate smallpox. Smallpox is contracted on a human to human contact basis, often from air particles. This disease had infected nearly 50 million people e ...
... this is a vital issue that should possibly have more UN interest. The World Health Organization provided a mass vaccination in 1978 in order to eliminate smallpox. Smallpox is contracted on a human to human contact basis, often from air particles. This disease had infected nearly 50 million people e ...
Program - QIMR Berghofer Conferences
... O26 Wendy van Zuijlen – Human cytomegalovirus-induced deregulation of Wnt signalling as contributor to congenital CMV disease ...
... O26 Wendy van Zuijlen – Human cytomegalovirus-induced deregulation of Wnt signalling as contributor to congenital CMV disease ...
Key Stage 3 / Science - e-Bug
... conditions (dampness). Bacteria are single celled organisms that, under the right conditions, can multiply exponentially, on average once every 20 minutes. During their normal growth, some produce substances (toxins) which are extremely harmful to humans and cause disease (Staphylococcus aureus). So ...
... conditions (dampness). Bacteria are single celled organisms that, under the right conditions, can multiply exponentially, on average once every 20 minutes. During their normal growth, some produce substances (toxins) which are extremely harmful to humans and cause disease (Staphylococcus aureus). So ...
Antiretroviral therapy-induced Leber`s hereditary optic neuropathy
... visual loss with antiretroviral therapy. We postulate that the phenotypic expression of LHON in these genetically predisposed individuals was triggered by NRTI drugs lamivudine and tenofovir when used in combination, despite their relatively weak mitochondrial toxic effects. S Afr J HIV Med 2014;15( ...
... visual loss with antiretroviral therapy. We postulate that the phenotypic expression of LHON in these genetically predisposed individuals was triggered by NRTI drugs lamivudine and tenofovir when used in combination, despite their relatively weak mitochondrial toxic effects. S Afr J HIV Med 2014;15( ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.