L6- InfectionChain.Prevention.share.KSA.2015
... A: Passive: • Natural through transferred antibodies from mother to infant. • Artificial by administration of immunoglobulin or anti-sera B: Active: • Natural: post infection immunity • Artificial: following vaccination ...
... A: Passive: • Natural through transferred antibodies from mother to infant. • Artificial by administration of immunoglobulin or anti-sera B: Active: • Natural: post infection immunity • Artificial: following vaccination ...
Zika Virus and Transplantation of Solid Organs from Deceased Donors
... Currently, there is no role for serological tests in the screening of asymptomatic deceased organ donors. There is now strong evidence of an association between Zika virus infection and congenital CNS malformations4 , as well as Guillain–Barré syndrome5. The exact extent of the problem and pathogeni ...
... Currently, there is no role for serological tests in the screening of asymptomatic deceased organ donors. There is now strong evidence of an association between Zika virus infection and congenital CNS malformations4 , as well as Guillain–Barré syndrome5. The exact extent of the problem and pathogeni ...
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Essential information
... well understood. It is known that people that die from EVD have not developed a significant immune response to the virus, but the factors influencing this are not well understood. Clinical trials are underway with a potential vaccine, but at this time, no proven vaccine is available. ...
... well understood. It is known that people that die from EVD have not developed a significant immune response to the virus, but the factors influencing this are not well understood. Clinical trials are underway with a potential vaccine, but at this time, no proven vaccine is available. ...
Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of
... of innate immunity. This also may result in high levels of inflammation over a long period of time conferring figure 2. Figure 4 shows us that the virulence of the 1918 flu virus probably results from down regulation of genes important for recruiting T-cells and macrophages and up regulation of infl ...
... of innate immunity. This also may result in high levels of inflammation over a long period of time conferring figure 2. Figure 4 shows us that the virulence of the 1918 flu virus probably results from down regulation of genes important for recruiting T-cells and macrophages and up regulation of infl ...
How big a challenge to initiate three basic infection control practices
... If we look at the history, the formal infection control program started in the latter half of last century when CDC (center for disease control) of United States came forward with a recommendation that each hospital will appoint an infection control nurse and an epidemiologist to prevent, control an ...
... If we look at the history, the formal infection control program started in the latter half of last century when CDC (center for disease control) of United States came forward with a recommendation that each hospital will appoint an infection control nurse and an epidemiologist to prevent, control an ...
Presentation - Boaz City Schools
... long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other potentially infectious materials. It is estimated that the chances of contracting HIV in a workplace environment are only 0.4%. However, because it ...
... long outside of the human body. It is primarily of concern to employees providing first aid or medical care in situations involving fresh blood or other potentially infectious materials. It is estimated that the chances of contracting HIV in a workplace environment are only 0.4%. However, because it ...
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, pp
... 1) Arboviruses are a large group of viruses that are spread by certain invertebrate animals (arthropods), most commonly blood-sucking insects (In USA. spread mainly by mosquitoes) T/F 2) Most people infected with arboviruses have few or no symptoms, but arboviruses can cause serious and potentially ...
... 1) Arboviruses are a large group of viruses that are spread by certain invertebrate animals (arthropods), most commonly blood-sucking insects (In USA. spread mainly by mosquitoes) T/F 2) Most people infected with arboviruses have few or no symptoms, but arboviruses can cause serious and potentially ...
Hepatitis
... malaise and sometimes a rash and arthralgia. The illness may progress to jaundice Transmission occurs by three major routes: ...
... malaise and sometimes a rash and arthralgia. The illness may progress to jaundice Transmission occurs by three major routes: ...
Urinary tract infection
... • Significant bacteriuria : • The presence of 100.000 CFU/ml of urine • Smaller count for young women : 1000 CFU/ml urine may be associated with cystitis or acute urethral syndrome • Recurrent UTI : • Reinfection : a recurrent infection due to different microorganism, which is drug susceptible • Rel ...
... • Significant bacteriuria : • The presence of 100.000 CFU/ml of urine • Smaller count for young women : 1000 CFU/ml urine may be associated with cystitis or acute urethral syndrome • Recurrent UTI : • Reinfection : a recurrent infection due to different microorganism, which is drug susceptible • Rel ...
Ebola
... Images from: https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/ebola-virus ...
... Images from: https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/ebola-virus ...
2010 Dr. Juliet Pulliam and the Clinic on the Meaningful Modeling of
... Place: Worldwide Time: On or after March 15, 2009 ...
... Place: Worldwide Time: On or after March 15, 2009 ...
3-5 Protists
... Giardia3 infection is caused by a protist belonging to the phylum mastigophora. This phylum is motile using flagella. Flagella are long whip like appendages that move the protist through the water. Giardia is the most common water born infection in the United States. All regions of the United States ...
... Giardia3 infection is caused by a protist belonging to the phylum mastigophora. This phylum is motile using flagella. Flagella are long whip like appendages that move the protist through the water. Giardia is the most common water born infection in the United States. All regions of the United States ...
Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Immune Response
... Obtain a cup labeled A filled with a clear solution (body fluid). Only one person in the class will have a cup that has been “infected”. Do not drink from the cup. ...
... Obtain a cup labeled A filled with a clear solution (body fluid). Only one person in the class will have a cup that has been “infected”. Do not drink from the cup. ...
Immunisations and Swan Hill Rural City Council
... infection in the bloodstream (septicaemia). • Hib disease: is a life-threatening bacterial infection that can lead to serious illness, especially in children. Conditions such as meningitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia can develop very quickly and may require ...
... infection in the bloodstream (septicaemia). • Hib disease: is a life-threatening bacterial infection that can lead to serious illness, especially in children. Conditions such as meningitis, epiglottitis and pneumonia can develop very quickly and may require ...
Viral Hepatitis: The Basics
... • What Are the Tests for Hepatitis B? A health care provider will take a blood sample to test for HBV antigens, the proteins that make up the virus, and for HBV antibodies that the immune system creates to attack the antigens. These include the surface antigen (HBsAg), which makes up the covering o ...
... • What Are the Tests for Hepatitis B? A health care provider will take a blood sample to test for HBV antigens, the proteins that make up the virus, and for HBV antibodies that the immune system creates to attack the antigens. These include the surface antigen (HBsAg), which makes up the covering o ...
Bacteria/Virus Bookwork
... 2. Define antibiotic2. What do over-the-counter medications do to help? 3. Define antibiotic resistance- ...
... 2. Define antibiotic2. What do over-the-counter medications do to help? 3. Define antibiotic resistance- ...
The celiac risk factors L. Greco
... Function : play a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) GLUTEN??? and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-k ...
... Function : play a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) GLUTEN??? and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-k ...
Pathogens – Bacteria & Viruses
... T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the contents of the head (DNA) into the host. The viral D ...
... T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the contents of the head (DNA) into the host. The viral D ...
Viruses, cancer and aids
... within advanced KS lesions may represent clonal proliferation. Classic KS typically presents in the extremities of the limbs, whereas AIDS KS appears in skin all over the body and also in internal organs. In AIDS, KS occurs most commonly among gay men in Western countries, and among both men and wom ...
... within advanced KS lesions may represent clonal proliferation. Classic KS typically presents in the extremities of the limbs, whereas AIDS KS appears in skin all over the body and also in internal organs. In AIDS, KS occurs most commonly among gay men in Western countries, and among both men and wom ...
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.