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Drug - Drug Interactions: considerations
Drug - Drug Interactions: considerations

... • For example, a drug that causes chronic nausea or mouth pain may result in poor intake and weight loss ...
Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks in West Africa Summary
Ebolavirus disease (EVD) outbreaks in West Africa Summary

... should also be considered where there is strong clinical suspicion. Further, filoviruses are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. It should be noted that the risk of infection is extremely low even in persons with a compatible travel history, unless there has been direct exposure to the bodily fluids of a ...
Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings
Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings

... other health care safety issues. In addition to issuing recommendations and regulations some have regulatory roles and others are advisory. These agencies can serve as an excellent resource for information and educational materials. ...
Biology 2201 Microbiology
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Kaposi`s varicelliform eruption complicating irritant contact dermatitis
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... proposed to explain the development of Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption.8 Topical calcineurin inhibitors, which are commonly used to treat atopic dermatitis, have been associated with development of KVE.9 Our patient did not have a story of topical or systemic drug use. KVE usually begins as vesicu ...
Oral Vaccination Against Infectious Salmon Anemia in Atlantic Salmon
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... Infectious salmon anemia (ISA), caused by the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv) is a highly contagious disease of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) that was first reported in Norway (Kibenge et al., 2004). The disease was subsequently reported from Scotland, Canada and the United States. In 2007, th ...
Infectious Laryngotracheitis - Michigan State University Extension
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... 1. Hepatitis B vaccinations shall be available at no cost to all employees who have occupational exposure. The New Employee Bloodborne Pathogens/Hepatitis B Vaccination Information (Appendix II) provides detail information on how to obtain the Hepatitis B vaccination. a) Vaccinations shall be availa ...
A Study of Risk Factors for Acquisition of Epstein
A Study of Risk Factors for Acquisition of Epstein

... tested positive for EBV-specific IgG antibodies (table 1). Seropositivity was significantly higher (P ! .001) among female (79%) than among male (68%) students, among those 19 years and older (80%) than among those younger (71%), and among those who had ever lived in a tropical country (81%) than am ...
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Hepatitis B



Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, feeling tired, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic hepatitis B while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications results in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. Diagnosis is typically by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon maybe useful, however these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults have chronic disease. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as serum hepatitis. Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.
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