micro outline - MicrobiologyServiceLearning
... C. While it was once considered a relatively easy STD to cure, these antimicrobialresistant strains have recently created a large obstacle in the control of gonorrhea. D. In fact, it has become so resistant to multiple, common antibiotics that the Center for Disease Control has recently added gonorr ...
... C. While it was once considered a relatively easy STD to cure, these antimicrobialresistant strains have recently created a large obstacle in the control of gonorrhea. D. In fact, it has become so resistant to multiple, common antibiotics that the Center for Disease Control has recently added gonorr ...
Chapter 8 - Hepatitis A
... person. Cases are most infectious during the 1 to 2 weeks before onset of jaundice and the risk of transmission subsequently decreases and is minimal by 1 week after onset of illness. The risk of faecal-oral transmission is increased where there is close personto-person contact, e.g. among infants, ...
... person. Cases are most infectious during the 1 to 2 weeks before onset of jaundice and the risk of transmission subsequently decreases and is minimal by 1 week after onset of illness. The risk of faecal-oral transmission is increased where there is close personto-person contact, e.g. among infants, ...
Data needs for evidence-based decisions: a tuberculosis modeler`s
... The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease ...
... The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease ...
Acute Fever - PEMCincinnati
... Fever is a common, yet frightening, physiologic response that has been the source of great consternation throughout the history of medicine. Hippocrates believed that illness was caused by imbalance of the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) and that fever “cooked” the excess hu ...
... Fever is a common, yet frightening, physiologic response that has been the source of great consternation throughout the history of medicine. Hippocrates believed that illness was caused by imbalance of the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) and that fever “cooked” the excess hu ...
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C: Whom to Test
... Infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers Persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence ≥2 percent2 U.S.-born persons not vaccinated as infants whose parents were born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of ≥8 percent3 Household contacts, sex par ...
... Infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers Persons born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence ≥2 percent2 U.S.-born persons not vaccinated as infants whose parents were born in geographic regions with HBsAg prevalence of ≥8 percent3 Household contacts, sex par ...
Ebola`s Impact on Individuals, Cultures, Society, and the Economy
... and liver function, internal and external bleeding, and abnormal laboratory values, such as low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes [7]. The period between infection and presentation of the symptoms, especially the most life threatening signs of Ebola, seems to be an area ...
... and liver function, internal and external bleeding, and abnormal laboratory values, such as low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes [7]. The period between infection and presentation of the symptoms, especially the most life threatening signs of Ebola, seems to be an area ...
Room Ventilation and Airborne Disease Transmission
... risk factors related to socio-adaptive behaviors include compliance with use of standard operating procedures involving personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination of environmental surfaces, adherence to isolation precautions, and use of respiratory hygiene strategies (e.g., covering one’s ...
... risk factors related to socio-adaptive behaviors include compliance with use of standard operating procedures involving personal protective equipment (PPE), decontamination of environmental surfaces, adherence to isolation precautions, and use of respiratory hygiene strategies (e.g., covering one’s ...
FeLV - National Veterinary Laboratory
... Scotland in 1964. At that time all retroviruses were thought to be endogenous viruses that were only transmitted genetically (vertically). However, using the FeLV IFA test in pet cats, we demonstrated that FeLV is an exogenous retrovirus that is transmitted contagiously amongst cats.1 This observati ...
... Scotland in 1964. At that time all retroviruses were thought to be endogenous viruses that were only transmitted genetically (vertically). However, using the FeLV IFA test in pet cats, we demonstrated that FeLV is an exogenous retrovirus that is transmitted contagiously amongst cats.1 This observati ...
Measles - NSW Health
... the disease. All children and adults born during or after 1966 should be vaccinated with 2 doses of measles containing vaccine if not already immune. ...
... the disease. All children and adults born during or after 1966 should be vaccinated with 2 doses of measles containing vaccine if not already immune. ...
Swine Influenza A (H1N1 Virus): A Pandemic Disease
... distribution. Outbreaks in swine are common and cause significant economic losses in industry, primarily by causing stunting and extended time to market. For example, this disease costs the British meat industry about £65 million every year.[57] Annual influenza epidemics are estimated to affect 5–1 ...
... distribution. Outbreaks in swine are common and cause significant economic losses in industry, primarily by causing stunting and extended time to market. For example, this disease costs the British meat industry about £65 million every year.[57] Annual influenza epidemics are estimated to affect 5–1 ...
HELICOBACTER PYLORI UPDATE Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1
... • 70% gastric ulcer cases colonized with H. pylori • Low socioeconomic status predicts H. pylori infection • Developing Countries: • Hyperendemic • About 10% acquisition rate per year for children between 2 and 8 years of age • Most adults infected but no disease ...
... • 70% gastric ulcer cases colonized with H. pylori • Low socioeconomic status predicts H. pylori infection • Developing Countries: • Hyperendemic • About 10% acquisition rate per year for children between 2 and 8 years of age • Most adults infected but no disease ...
pneumonia - faculty at Chemeketa
... • It is often treated with antiviral medications along with plenty of fluid and rest • Individuals with suppressed immune systems are most at risk for acquiring this form of pneumonia ...
... • It is often treated with antiviral medications along with plenty of fluid and rest • Individuals with suppressed immune systems are most at risk for acquiring this form of pneumonia ...
Hepatitis B - BC Centre for Disease Control
... vomitus are not considered infectious unless they contain blood. The risk of transmission from these fluids/materials is extremely low ...
... vomitus are not considered infectious unless they contain blood. The risk of transmission from these fluids/materials is extremely low ...
Ringworm - Sunrise School Division
... Anyone can get Ringworm. Scalp Ringworm often strikes young children; outbreaks have been recognized in schools, day-care centers, and infant nurseries. School athletes are at risk for scalp Ringworm, Ringworm of the body, and foot Ringworm; there have been outbreaks among high school wrestling team ...
... Anyone can get Ringworm. Scalp Ringworm often strikes young children; outbreaks have been recognized in schools, day-care centers, and infant nurseries. School athletes are at risk for scalp Ringworm, Ringworm of the body, and foot Ringworm; there have been outbreaks among high school wrestling team ...
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy as a Zoonotic Disease
... its wool, and the areas of wool loss may sometimes be rubbed raw (scrapie acquired its name from the fact that sheep were observed to scrape themselves against fixed objects). Some sheep will pull wool from their sides or bite at their legs or exhibit a “nibble reflex” when rubbing themselves or whe ...
... its wool, and the areas of wool loss may sometimes be rubbed raw (scrapie acquired its name from the fact that sheep were observed to scrape themselves against fixed objects). Some sheep will pull wool from their sides or bite at their legs or exhibit a “nibble reflex” when rubbing themselves or whe ...
Trichinosis
Trichinosis, trichinellosis or trichiniasis is a parasitic disease caused by roundworms of the genus Trichinella. Several subspecies cause human disease, but T. spiralis is the most known. Infection may occur without symptoms, while intestinal invasion can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain or vomiting. Larval migration into muscle tissue (one week after being infected) can cause edema of the face or around the eyes, conjunctivitis, fever, muscle pains, splinter hemorrhages, rashes, and peripheral eosinophilia. Life-threatening cases can result in myocarditis, central nervous system involvement, and pneumonitis. Larval encystment in the muscles causes pain and weakness, followed by slow progression of symptoms.Trichinosis is mainly caused by eating undercooked meat containing encysted larval Trichinella. In the stomach the larvae are exposed to stomach acid and pepsin which releases them from their cysts. They then start invading wall of the small intestine, where they develop into adult worms. Females are 2.2 mm in length; males 1.2 mm. The life span in the small intestine is about four weeks. After 1 week, the females release more larvae that migrate to voluntarily controlled muscles where they encyst. Diagnosis is usually made based on symptoms, and is confirmed by serology or by finding encysted or non-encysted larvae in biopsy or autopsy samples.The best way to prevent trichinellosis is to cook meat to safe temperatures. Using food thermometers can make sure the temperature inside the meat is high enough to kill the parasites. The meat should not be tasted until it is completely cooked. Once infection has been verified treatment with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole should be started at once. A fast response may help kill adult worms and thereby stop further release of larvae. Once the larvae have established in muscle cells, usually by 3 to 4 weeks after infection, treatment may not completely get rid of the infection or symptoms. Both drugs are considered safe but have been associated with side effects such as bone marrow suppression. Patients on longer courses should be monitored though regular blood counts to detect adverse effects quickly and then discontinue treatment. Both medicines should be treated with caution during pregnancy or children under the age of 2 years, but the WHO weighs the benefits of treatment higher than the risks. In addition to antiparasitic medication, treatment with steroids is sometimes required in severe cases.Trichinosis can be acquired by eating both domestic and wild animals, but is not soil-transmitted.