... cows of 59 dairy herds, in 23 municipalities of the four macro regions (Metropolitan, North, Northwest and South) of the state of Espírito Santo (ES), between 2007 and 2008. The samples of bovine sera were distributed as follows: Metropolitan (n = 269, 6 municipalities), South (n = 214, 7 municipali ...
A serological survey for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus
... IBV, which is almost the same as the results reported by Wunderwald and Hoop (2002). Our result is however, higher than the prevalence reported by Gutierrez-Ruiz et al., (2000) and Thekisoe et al., (2003). The chicken examined had no clinical signs at the time of examination and there was no history ...
... IBV, which is almost the same as the results reported by Wunderwald and Hoop (2002). Our result is however, higher than the prevalence reported by Gutierrez-Ruiz et al., (2000) and Thekisoe et al., (2003). The chicken examined had no clinical signs at the time of examination and there was no history ...
Evidence of Epstein–Barr Virus Association with Head and Neck
... Like other viruses, EBV needs a host in which to replicate. Attachment to the host cell and penetration into it are important events in viral infection. Transmitted by saliva, EBV enters and replicates in the epithelial cells of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, which is situated in the oropharynx, and the ...
... Like other viruses, EBV needs a host in which to replicate. Attachment to the host cell and penetration into it are important events in viral infection. Transmitted by saliva, EBV enters and replicates in the epithelial cells of Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring, which is situated in the oropharynx, and the ...
biosafety levels and risk assessment policy
... cause disease in healthy human adults and present minimal risk to laboratory personnel, the environment, or for transmission between animals. ABSL-2 – This level of infectious risk and protective measures is suitable for work with vertebrates involving agents of moderate hazard to personnel and the ...
... cause disease in healthy human adults and present minimal risk to laboratory personnel, the environment, or for transmission between animals. ABSL-2 – This level of infectious risk and protective measures is suitable for work with vertebrates involving agents of moderate hazard to personnel and the ...
Osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot
... clinics providing access to the various medical and surgical ...
... clinics providing access to the various medical and surgical ...
Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple
... The differences between gram-positive and gramnegative organisms result in varied interactions with the environment. The gram-positive thickly meshed peptidoglycan layer does not block diffusion of low molecular weight compounds, so substances that damage the cytoplasmic membrane (such as antibiotic ...
... The differences between gram-positive and gramnegative organisms result in varied interactions with the environment. The gram-positive thickly meshed peptidoglycan layer does not block diffusion of low molecular weight compounds, so substances that damage the cytoplasmic membrane (such as antibiotic ...
National Medicines Information Centre
... Africa but remains less common overall.1 HIV is transmitted primarily by sexual contact (both heterosexual and in MSM), by blood and blood products and by infected mothers to infants.1 Maternal transmission of HIV to the foetus occurs most commonly in the perinatal period. Risk factors associated wi ...
... Africa but remains less common overall.1 HIV is transmitted primarily by sexual contact (both heterosexual and in MSM), by blood and blood products and by infected mothers to infants.1 Maternal transmission of HIV to the foetus occurs most commonly in the perinatal period. Risk factors associated wi ...
2011 RSV - Emory Department of Pediatrics
... • #1 cause of pediatric bronchiolitis & asthma: 60% of all and 80% of <1yr old with acute LRTI; 10x mortality rate compared to influenza • Seasonal outbreak: in winter months, endemic in sub-tropic regions • All children have been infected by 2 yrs of age with 50% of >2 infections; infection doesn’t ...
... • #1 cause of pediatric bronchiolitis & asthma: 60% of all and 80% of <1yr old with acute LRTI; 10x mortality rate compared to influenza • Seasonal outbreak: in winter months, endemic in sub-tropic regions • All children have been infected by 2 yrs of age with 50% of >2 infections; infection doesn’t ...
CLUBBING IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION
... Infectiologjsts, rheumatologists, as well as other physicians treating HIV-infected patients, should be aware of HOA and clubbing in these patients. Looking with a Hippocratic eye to the fingers (and toes) of HIV-infected patients may be important. We also suggest that HIV testing should be consider ...
... Infectiologjsts, rheumatologists, as well as other physicians treating HIV-infected patients, should be aware of HOA and clubbing in these patients. Looking with a Hippocratic eye to the fingers (and toes) of HIV-infected patients may be important. We also suggest that HIV testing should be consider ...
Multicenter prospective study of procalcitonin as an indicator of sepsis
... significant difference in serum PCT concentration was observed between the nonbacterial infection group and the noninfectious disease groups (P = 0.174), and the nonbacterial infection and noninfectious disease groups were therefore combined as the nonbacterial infectious disease group. The patterns ...
... significant difference in serum PCT concentration was observed between the nonbacterial infection group and the noninfectious disease groups (P = 0.174), and the nonbacterial infection and noninfectious disease groups were therefore combined as the nonbacterial infectious disease group. The patterns ...
Management of human contacts of cases of leptospirosis in animals
... a 4-fold or greater rise in titre from samples collected ≥ 2 weeks apart. During acute illness, diagnosis can be done by culture or dark field microscopy of leptospires in blood (first 7 days), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (days 4-10) or urine (after day 10). (Heymann 2004). All specimens should be sen ...
... a 4-fold or greater rise in titre from samples collected ≥ 2 weeks apart. During acute illness, diagnosis can be done by culture or dark field microscopy of leptospires in blood (first 7 days), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (days 4-10) or urine (after day 10). (Heymann 2004). All specimens should be sen ...
The Burden of Infectious Disease Among Inmates and Releasees From Correctional Facilities Introduction
... Some concrete illustrations may help make the case. Injection drug use appears to be the major transmission factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The equality would apply, so one would expect about 32 percent of all persons with HCV infection to be released from jail or prison during any giv ...
... Some concrete illustrations may help make the case. Injection drug use appears to be the major transmission factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The equality would apply, so one would expect about 32 percent of all persons with HCV infection to be released from jail or prison during any giv ...
provisional PDF
... Lyme disease is acknowledged as a common infectious disease for the most of the world, especially in Europe and North America. The disease is caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks, especially Ixodes scapularis [1,2]. It affects both humans and animals, with more tha ...
... Lyme disease is acknowledged as a common infectious disease for the most of the world, especially in Europe and North America. The disease is caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks, especially Ixodes scapularis [1,2]. It affects both humans and animals, with more tha ...
HBV Training Workshop
... HBV Transmission (more) • Blood borne – can live outside the body for at least 7 days • Highly infectious in semen and vaginal secretions • Sharing needles and works to inject drugs • Needle stick accidents, Healthcare exposure • Household – sharing personal items • Horizontal – childhood – biting, ...
... HBV Transmission (more) • Blood borne – can live outside the body for at least 7 days • Highly infectious in semen and vaginal secretions • Sharing needles and works to inject drugs • Needle stick accidents, Healthcare exposure • Household – sharing personal items • Horizontal – childhood – biting, ...
The Substantia Nigra is a Major Target for Neurovirulent Influenza A
... (6). Furthermore, the influenza A virus has been suspected as the causative agent of encephalitis lethargica, in which there is chronic progressive parkinsonism, because of the concurrence of that condition with the 1918-1928 influenza pandemic (7-9). An increased risk of developing idiopathic Parki ...
... (6). Furthermore, the influenza A virus has been suspected as the causative agent of encephalitis lethargica, in which there is chronic progressive parkinsonism, because of the concurrence of that condition with the 1918-1928 influenza pandemic (7-9). An increased risk of developing idiopathic Parki ...
HIV Superinfection - Division of Infectious Diseases
... after initial infection became superinfected with the alternate strain, whereas only 1 of 4 macaques challenged 4 weeks after initial infection became superinfected. No macaques were susceptible 8 weeks after initial infection [51]. Although the timing and character of the immunologic responses demo ...
... after initial infection became superinfected with the alternate strain, whereas only 1 of 4 macaques challenged 4 weeks after initial infection became superinfected. No macaques were susceptible 8 weeks after initial infection [51]. Although the timing and character of the immunologic responses demo ...
Comparative evaluation of factors affecting
... agglutination test for confirmation of hemagglutination. An agar gel precipitation test was performed using known antiserum of avian influenza (H9) virus as a positive control and Newcastle disease virus as a negative control. A clear precipitin line between the antigen of avian influenza (H9) virus ...
... agglutination test for confirmation of hemagglutination. An agar gel precipitation test was performed using known antiserum of avian influenza (H9) virus as a positive control and Newcastle disease virus as a negative control. A clear precipitin line between the antigen of avian influenza (H9) virus ...
Determining Influenza Virus Shedding at Different Time Points in
... Objective: Monitoring of influenza virus shedding and optimization of multiplicities of infection (MOI) is important in the investigation of a virus one step growth cycle and for obtaining a high yield of virus in vaccine development and conventional basic diagnostic methods. However, eluted infecti ...
... Objective: Monitoring of influenza virus shedding and optimization of multiplicities of infection (MOI) is important in the investigation of a virus one step growth cycle and for obtaining a high yield of virus in vaccine development and conventional basic diagnostic methods. However, eluted infecti ...
Raccoon Roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis)
... The patient lived in the suburban area of Pacific Grove, California, with his father, mother, and 5-year-old sister, who were all well. They had no pets. The parents noted that a neighborhood cat often frequented their property, and that the patient had played with a litter of 1-week-old puppies ⬃2 ...
... The patient lived in the suburban area of Pacific Grove, California, with his father, mother, and 5-year-old sister, who were all well. They had no pets. The parents noted that a neighborhood cat often frequented their property, and that the patient had played with a litter of 1-week-old puppies ⬃2 ...
Transmission routes of African swine fever virus
... contaminated sweet potatoes or bananas (Montgomery 1921). It has been reported that infection by ingestion of pig tissues contaminated with this strain required a high dose of virus (at least 105 HAD50/ml) to effectively infect pigs (Heuschele 1967). Other authors determined the intranasal median ID ...
... contaminated sweet potatoes or bananas (Montgomery 1921). It has been reported that infection by ingestion of pig tissues contaminated with this strain required a high dose of virus (at least 105 HAD50/ml) to effectively infect pigs (Heuschele 1967). Other authors determined the intranasal median ID ...
Slide 1
... aqueous crystalline form, is the drug of choice for treatment of all stages of syphilis, and is the only effective treatment for the prevention of congenital syphilis in pregnancy. • Erythromycin may be curative in the mother, but may not prevent congenital syphilis because of the variability of tra ...
... aqueous crystalline form, is the drug of choice for treatment of all stages of syphilis, and is the only effective treatment for the prevention of congenital syphilis in pregnancy. • Erythromycin may be curative in the mother, but may not prevent congenital syphilis because of the variability of tra ...
Document
... candidates for active TB Identify those who have been treated previously Identify those with contraindications to treatment for LTBI (prior allergic reactions, severe unstable liver disease) Identify co-morbid conditions and other medications being used ISTC TB Training Modules 2009 ...
... candidates for active TB Identify those who have been treated previously Identify those with contraindications to treatment for LTBI (prior allergic reactions, severe unstable liver disease) Identify co-morbid conditions and other medications being used ISTC TB Training Modules 2009 ...
Sheep Health Fact Sheet No. 10 - Lamb Pneumonia
... than exposure to heavy drafts, healthy lambs can tolerate cold very well. If electric fans are used, lambing quarters should have at least four air changes per hour. Avoid overcrowding the lambing facilities. Parainfluenza-3 virus is a mild but common infection of young lambs. Vaccination of young l ...
... than exposure to heavy drafts, healthy lambs can tolerate cold very well. If electric fans are used, lambing quarters should have at least four air changes per hour. Avoid overcrowding the lambing facilities. Parainfluenza-3 virus is a mild but common infection of young lambs. Vaccination of young l ...
Zika update from ISDH
... Zika Virus Testing at ISDH ISDH assists in coordinating Zika virus testing based on CDC guidelines: ◦ Travelers to an area with Zika with any of the FRAC (fever, rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis) symptoms up to 12 weeks after symptom onset ◦ Individuals with any of the FRAC symptoms who have had un ...
... Zika Virus Testing at ISDH ISDH assists in coordinating Zika virus testing based on CDC guidelines: ◦ Travelers to an area with Zika with any of the FRAC (fever, rash, arthralgia, conjunctivitis) symptoms up to 12 weeks after symptom onset ◦ Individuals with any of the FRAC symptoms who have had un ...
Fluctuations at a Low Mean Temperature Accelerate Dengue Virus
... grown in cell culture prior to mosquito exposure, using an artificial feeding system. Virus supernatant was harvested after scraping and then separating all cells by centrifugation. Mosquitoes were fed through a desalted porcine intestinal membrane stretched over the bottom of a warm water-filled ja ...
... grown in cell culture prior to mosquito exposure, using an artificial feeding system. Virus supernatant was harvested after scraping and then separating all cells by centrifugation. Mosquitoes were fed through a desalted porcine intestinal membrane stretched over the bottom of a warm water-filled ja ...
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.