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Full Text
Full Text

... well-equipped laboratory with up to biosafety level 4 biocontaminant facilities for viral culturing. In Taiwan, EVD is a fifth-category notifiable communicable disease and should be reported to the Taiwan Centers of Disease Control (CDC) ...
Sore Throats: Causes and Cures
Sore Throats: Causes and Cures

... throat, sometimes causes serious difficulties breathing, and can affect the liver, leading to jaundice (yellow skin and eyes). It also causes extreme fatigue that can last six weeks or more. "Mono" is a severe illness in a teenager or young adult, but it is less severe in a child. Since it can be tr ...
Incidence History of West Nile Virus in Africa and Middle East, With
Incidence History of West Nile Virus in Africa and Middle East, With

... global scale. Environmental factors (heavy rains followed by floods, irrigation, high temperature, or mass breeding of mosquitoes) that enhance population densities of vector mosquitoes could increase the incidence of WNV infection. The disease gets its name from the West Nile District of Uganda in ...
Appendix 8 Sample Notification Letters to Parents
Appendix 8 Sample Notification Letters to Parents

... Chickenpox can be a devastating infection in people with a seriously weakened immune system (e.g. patients with leukaemia or after organ transplantation). In adults, chickenpox is a much more significant illness than in children and there is a greater risk of complications developing. Chickenpox in ...
Neonatal Chlamydial Infection Induces Mixed T-Cell
Neonatal Chlamydial Infection Induces Mixed T-Cell

... ovalbumin. Features of AAD and inflammation were compared between uninfected or unsensitized controls. Measurements and Main Results: Mild Chlamydia-induced lung disease was observed 10–15 days after infection, as evidenced by increased bacterial numbers and histopathology in the lung and a reductio ...
Arboviruses
Arboviruses

... secretions of infected persons,  contact (formites),  transplacental Although the early events surrounding infection are incompletely characterized, the virus almost certainly multiplies in cells of the respiratory tract, extends to local lymph nodes, and then undergoes viremic spread to target or ...
The role of companion animals in the emergence of
The role of companion animals in the emergence of

... that while the risk of acquiring infections with Toxocara or Ancylostoma by owners has decreased because of the routine use of anthelmintics, this has led to a concurrent rise in the risk of infection with Giardia. Bugg et al. [14] demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of doses of a ...
Windows of opportunity for Ebola virus infection treatment
Windows of opportunity for Ebola virus infection treatment

... ten to hundreds of cases1 . The recent outbreak in West-Africa (2014-2016) resulted in nearly 30.000 infected cases ...
BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY IN PEDIATRICS ERYILMAZ E MD
BLOOD COMPONENT THERAPY IN PEDIATRICS ERYILMAZ E MD

... products from the suspected donor unit. A common less severe etiology includes FNHTRs, which can result from the transfusion of RBCs, platelets, or plasma . In the past, FNHTRs occurred in up to 30% of transfusions; however, since the advent of leukoreduction, the incidence is only 0.1% to 3% for al ...
induced DIC Coagulopathies in the Critical Care Setting Differential
induced DIC Coagulopathies in the Critical Care Setting Differential

... – anaphylactoid reaction – occurs within 10 to 20 minutes of administration ...
Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa - ECDC
Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa - ECDC

... Healthcare workers are at high risk of exposure to Ebola viruses during an outbreak. The risk of the exposure resulting in infection depends on the availability and consistent use of PPE. There are frequent reports about shortages of PPE, particularly from Liberia and Sierra Leone, despite the subst ...
SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV)
SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV)

... developing countries. Incidence of CAP in developing countries estimated around150.7million cases/year.  Mortality rate from CAP in developing countries is as high as 2.1 million cases/year. (20% of all mortality cases). ...
Experimental Infection of Inbred Mice with Herpes Simplex Virus. V
Experimental Infection of Inbred Mice with Herpes Simplex Virus. V

... Cells and virus. HSV-I strains were routinely passaged at low multiplicity on African green monkey kidney cells (RC-37 Rita; Italdiagnostics, Rome, Italy) as described earlier (Schr6der et al., 1975/76). Cells were grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 7~ foetal calf serum. Plaq ...
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... develops primarily in neonates in whom silver nitrate from large, multiuse eye-drop container was used. It occurs much less frequently since single-use ampules are in more common use. Gonococcal hyperacute conjuntivitis This type of conjunctivitis is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative ...
infection and atopic disease burden in african countries
infection and atopic disease burden in african countries

... by different epidemiological studies, especially from industrialised countries. Recent evidence stresses the importance of reduced immune suppression rather than of erratic immune deviation to explain the rising global incidence of atopy.14 According to this view, lower microbial burden does not act ...
New Evidence of Long-lasting Persistence of Ebola Virus Genetic
New Evidence of Long-lasting Persistence of Ebola Virus Genetic

... to as the Postebogui cohort). Recruitment is ongoing, and enrollment is conducted at various times after discharge from Ebola treatment centers. After subjects provide informed consent, clinical examination, psychological assessment, and social assessment are performed, and semen specimens are obtai ...
Canine Distemper Virus - Valdosta State University
Canine Distemper Virus - Valdosta State University

... Transmission of CDV occurs via an aerosol-droplet route, direct contact, or possibly by contact with contaminated objects (Mitchell et al., 1999). Pathologic lesions form and are mostly found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, lymphoid tissues and central nervous system (Frisk et al., 1 ...
Ruling Out Novel H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection with Direct
Ruling Out Novel H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection with Direct

... had sufficient sensitivity (⭓95% sensitivity compared with viral culture) to allow us to effectively rule out seasonal influenza, but we were uncertain how the test would perform for detection of novel H1N1 virus. Without knowledge of test sensitivity or negative predictive value for diagnosis of no ...
Protection of Mice from Lethal Infection with Aujeszky`s Disease
Protection of Mice from Lethal Infection with Aujeszky`s Disease

... purified from a Nonidet P40-solubilized lysate of ADV-infected Vero cells by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody against gVI. Mice immunized by the purified gVI produced virus-neutralizing antibody and were successfully protected against subsequent challenge with ADV. Aujeszky' ...
Hand Hygiene Facts and Quiz (slides)
Hand Hygiene Facts and Quiz (slides)

... is colonized but not infected with resistant organisms (e.g., MRSA or VRE) the healthcare worker’s hands can spread resistant organisms to other residents and the environment. Answer: True. Residents who are colonized, but not infected, with bacteria can spread germs to the hands of healthcare worke ...
4、丝虫 - 人体寄生虫学
4、丝虫 - 人体寄生虫学

... of W.bancrofti is larger than B.malayi. Female produce larvae known as microfilariae. ...
Study of TORCH profile in patients with bad obstetric history
Study of TORCH profile in patients with bad obstetric history

... during the first 3 months of pregnancy will be adversely affected by the virus. The Rubella virus readily invades the placenta and fetus during gestation (Coulter et al., 1999). In the case of Rubella, a woman in the first 2 or 3 months of pregnancy who is exposed may develop the infection and give ...
CBT 621 - EMS Online
CBT 621 - EMS Online

... of persons who have this disease • Spread by contact with blood of infected person • Most common chronic bloodborne viral infection in the US • Can cause cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer ...
Tulane University Bloodborne Pathogens Training
Tulane University Bloodborne Pathogens Training

... • Side effects associated with the use of antiviral drugs can be severe. • The drug regimen is not a cure for AIDS, but it has greatly improved the health of many people with AIDS and it reduces the amount of virus circulating in the blood to nearly undetectable levels. • Researchers, however, have ...
latvia - unaids
latvia - unaids

... There is possibility that the number of new AIDS cases is increasing due to the fact that the disease for persons, which have been infected with HIV 13 years ago, when incidence of HIV was very high, has now transferred to AIDS. ...
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Hepatitis C



Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting primarily the liver, caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The infection is often asymptomatic, but chronic infection can lead to scarring of the liver and ultimately to cirrhosis, which is generally apparent after many years. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will go on to develop liver failure, liver cancer, or life-threatening esophageal and gastric varices.HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, and transfusions. An estimated 150–200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C – originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis – was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.The virus persists in the liver in about 85% of those infected. This chronic infection can be treated with medication: the standard therapy is a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin, with either boceprevir or telaprevir added in some cases. Overall, 50–80% of people treated are cured. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation. No vaccine against hepatitis C is available. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer from hepatitis C occurred in 2013, up from 198,000 in 1990. An additional 358,000 in 2013 occurred due to cirrhosis.
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