Tinsdale Agar Base Tinsdale Enrichment Desiccated
... characteristics. The differential principle is based on the capacity of C. diphtheriae to produce a brown or black halo around the colonies. ...
... characteristics. The differential principle is based on the capacity of C. diphtheriae to produce a brown or black halo around the colonies. ...
response here - Soil Association
... of this debate which is well represented in the scientific literature. We have long recognised that the point ‘It may not be possible to determine the attributable risk of antimicrobial use specific to agriculture’ is valid, because there are a large number of still unknown factors, this is a develo ...
... of this debate which is well represented in the scientific literature. We have long recognised that the point ‘It may not be possible to determine the attributable risk of antimicrobial use specific to agriculture’ is valid, because there are a large number of still unknown factors, this is a develo ...
H1N1 - Sonoco
... What is “influenza A/H1N1”? The name "influenza A/H1N1" is a bit confusing. It is used to label the new flu that emerged in April 2009 (also commonly called "swine flu".) However, influenza A/H1N1 is also the name of a strain of seasonal influenza that circulates among humans all the time. There are ...
... What is “influenza A/H1N1”? The name "influenza A/H1N1" is a bit confusing. It is used to label the new flu that emerged in April 2009 (also commonly called "swine flu".) However, influenza A/H1N1 is also the name of a strain of seasonal influenza that circulates among humans all the time. There are ...
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C: Whom to Test
... Persons under 19 years of age who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis B Persons having more than one (>1) sexual partner in the past six months Persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease Health care or public safety workers with reasonably anticipated o ...
... Persons under 19 years of age who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis B Persons having more than one (>1) sexual partner in the past six months Persons seeking evaluation or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease Health care or public safety workers with reasonably anticipated o ...
Detection of non‐polio enteroviruses from 17 years of virological
... December 2008 were sent to the WHO National Reference Laboratory for PVs at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine. Most of the cases had two stool specimens with an interval of 24–48 hr between collections and within 14 days from date of onset of paralysis. Out of these stool samples, 798 NPE ...
... December 2008 were sent to the WHO National Reference Laboratory for PVs at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine. Most of the cases had two stool specimens with an interval of 24–48 hr between collections and within 14 days from date of onset of paralysis. Out of these stool samples, 798 NPE ...
INTRODUCTION - Aspenbloom Pet Care
... vaccinated populations.19,20,21,22,23 In 1989 the CDC reported: “Among school-aged children, [measles] outbreaks have occurred in schools with vaccination levels of greater than 98 percent.24 [They] have occurred in all parts of the country, including areas that had not reported measles for years.” ...
... vaccinated populations.19,20,21,22,23 In 1989 the CDC reported: “Among school-aged children, [measles] outbreaks have occurred in schools with vaccination levels of greater than 98 percent.24 [They] have occurred in all parts of the country, including areas that had not reported measles for years.” ...
Infection Control Manual - University of Saskatchewan
... facilities in both large and small animals. Such cases have a profound effect on the economical stability and reputation of a facility and are extremely hard to explain to the client. In severe cases, these outbreaks may result in the death of the animal and/or legal action. For all these reasons, i ...
... facilities in both large and small animals. Such cases have a profound effect on the economical stability and reputation of a facility and are extremely hard to explain to the client. In severe cases, these outbreaks may result in the death of the animal and/or legal action. For all these reasons, i ...
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases - Rethinking International Health
... the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available (UNICEF 2002; World Bank 1993). By reducing mortality and morbidity, vaccination can contribute substantially to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the mortality rate ...
... the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available (UNICEF 2002; World Bank 1993). By reducing mortality and morbidity, vaccination can contribute substantially to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing the mortality rate ...
keynote_1997 - International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene
... the home environment There is considerable evidence that the incidence of food-borne disease is increasing in Europe. The most accurate data available are provided by the UK and the Netherlands, which have effective surveillance and data collection systems. In the UK there has been a significant inc ...
... the home environment There is considerable evidence that the incidence of food-borne disease is increasing in Europe. The most accurate data available are provided by the UK and the Netherlands, which have effective surveillance and data collection systems. In the UK there has been a significant inc ...
Import Risk Analysis: Frozen, skinless and boneless fillet meat of
... endemic species (an endemic species is defined as either a native species that occurs in New Zealand waters naturally, or which was introduced, but which is now considered to be acclimatised); and/or it is known to cause a threat to human health. ...
... endemic species (an endemic species is defined as either a native species that occurs in New Zealand waters naturally, or which was introduced, but which is now considered to be acclimatised); and/or it is known to cause a threat to human health. ...
Advisory Group on Communicable Diseases
... management of meningitis cases and assist in disseminating information to relevant individuals in the College. On receipt of information from the HPT about a case, the relevant Senior Tutor (assisted as necessary by the College Nurse) will undertake the following: i. Identify close contacts of the c ...
... management of meningitis cases and assist in disseminating information to relevant individuals in the College. On receipt of information from the HPT about a case, the relevant Senior Tutor (assisted as necessary by the College Nurse) will undertake the following: i. Identify close contacts of the c ...
冷凍鹿精液之輸入檢疫條件草案
... must be negative. (3) In case there are no prescribed methods in the OIE Aquatic Manual for sample collection and testing of pertinent diseases of concern listed in the attached table, then methods that have been published in international scientific journals may be used. (4) Three days prior to dis ...
... must be negative. (3) In case there are no prescribed methods in the OIE Aquatic Manual for sample collection and testing of pertinent diseases of concern listed in the attached table, then methods that have been published in international scientific journals may be used. (4) Three days prior to dis ...
15 Annual Meeting of the National Reference Laboratories for Fish
... diseases but also including other diseases of interest. 3. Laboratory data from the NRLs and other laboratories, including number of samples examined, diagnoses of fish diseases made The data on the European aquaculture production were obtained from the FIGIS database. Unfortunately this database do ...
... diseases but also including other diseases of interest. 3. Laboratory data from the NRLs and other laboratories, including number of samples examined, diagnoses of fish diseases made The data on the European aquaculture production were obtained from the FIGIS database. Unfortunately this database do ...
ACUTE EPIDIDYMITIS: A WORK
... in frequent asthmatic attacks or a recovered alcoholic with mild liver disease being exposed to carbon tetrachloride at work, resulting in greater liver damage. It concludes that if there is any occupational contribution to an existing disease, the disease can become compensable.'5 Using this interp ...
... in frequent asthmatic attacks or a recovered alcoholic with mild liver disease being exposed to carbon tetrachloride at work, resulting in greater liver damage. It concludes that if there is any occupational contribution to an existing disease, the disease can become compensable.'5 Using this interp ...
Infections and infectious diseases A manual for nurses and midwives
... success in this fight is the participation of all health care professionals. Nurses and midwives, as major frontline providers of care, are in a position to contribute significantly to reducing the burden. Infections and infectious diseases: A manual for nurses and midwives in the WHO European regio ...
... success in this fight is the participation of all health care professionals. Nurses and midwives, as major frontline providers of care, are in a position to contribute significantly to reducing the burden. Infections and infectious diseases: A manual for nurses and midwives in the WHO European regio ...
Multispecific T cell response and negative HCV RNA tests
... HCV RNA within six months after the onset of the disease. At least two successive negative HCV RNA measurements 6–12 months apart from the first negative result was used as further criterion for the diagnosis of self-limiting HCV infection. Patients who showed detectable HCV RNA in serum for more th ...
... HCV RNA within six months after the onset of the disease. At least two successive negative HCV RNA measurements 6–12 months apart from the first negative result was used as further criterion for the diagnosis of self-limiting HCV infection. Patients who showed detectable HCV RNA in serum for more th ...
Kurtenbach et al. - The Institute for Environmental Modeling
... States, Europe and Asia, respectively, are all generalist ectoparasites; that is, they feed on many different vertebrate species. The generalist nature of these vectors provides opportunities for transmission between host species, potentially linking the different ecological niches of the spirochaet ...
... States, Europe and Asia, respectively, are all generalist ectoparasites; that is, they feed on many different vertebrate species. The generalist nature of these vectors provides opportunities for transmission between host species, potentially linking the different ecological niches of the spirochaet ...
Reprint
... For cases where these basic public health measures are sufficient (e.g., SARS), the second question is then whether or not both isolation and quarantine should be used. For example, even in retrospect, it is not clear whether isolation or quarantine had the greater impact in stopping the spread of S ...
... For cases where these basic public health measures are sufficient (e.g., SARS), the second question is then whether or not both isolation and quarantine should be used. For example, even in retrospect, it is not clear whether isolation or quarantine had the greater impact in stopping the spread of S ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
... happen when someone who is sick with SARS coughs or sneezes droplets onto themselves, other people, or nearby surfaces. It also is possible that SARS can be spread more broadly through the air or by other ways that are currently not known. ...
... happen when someone who is sick with SARS coughs or sneezes droplets onto themselves, other people, or nearby surfaces. It also is possible that SARS can be spread more broadly through the air or by other ways that are currently not known. ...
Conjunctivitis - St Wulfstan Surgery
... Infective conjunctivitis is very common and is responsible for 35% of all eye-related problems recorded in GP surgeries. There are 13-14 cases for every 1,000 people every year. Infective conjunctivitis is most common in children and the elderly. This may be because children come into contact with m ...
... Infective conjunctivitis is very common and is responsible for 35% of all eye-related problems recorded in GP surgeries. There are 13-14 cases for every 1,000 people every year. Infective conjunctivitis is most common in children and the elderly. This may be because children come into contact with m ...
Minimum period of exclusion from primary schools and
... Exclude until medical certificate of recovery is received following at least two negative throat swabs, the first not less than 24 hours after finishing a course of antibiotics and the other 48 hours later ...
... Exclude until medical certificate of recovery is received following at least two negative throat swabs, the first not less than 24 hours after finishing a course of antibiotics and the other 48 hours later ...
From determinants of parasite species richness to - Agritrop
... temperature) on the survival of free-living stages or on the diversity of the potential arthropod-borne vectors. More than 25 different mechanisms have been proposed to explain such latitudinal gradient of species diversity of free-living organisms (Gaston, 2000), which suggests that latitude is onl ...
... temperature) on the survival of free-living stages or on the diversity of the potential arthropod-borne vectors. More than 25 different mechanisms have been proposed to explain such latitudinal gradient of species diversity of free-living organisms (Gaston, 2000), which suggests that latitude is onl ...
Infections, Infertility, and Assisted Reproduction
... have profound effects on the fertility of their hosts. In some species, infected hosts can only reproduce parthenogenetically, in others cytoplasmic incompatibility prevents infected males from breeding with uninfected females, and in some cases genetically determined male embryos are transformed in ...
... have profound effects on the fertility of their hosts. In some species, infected hosts can only reproduce parthenogenetically, in others cytoplasmic incompatibility prevents infected males from breeding with uninfected females, and in some cases genetically determined male embryos are transformed in ...
African trypanosomiasis
African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness is a parasitic disease of humans and other animals. It is caused by protozoa of the species Trypanosoma brucei. There are two types that infect humans, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g causes over 98% of reported cases. Both are usually transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly and are most common in rural areas.Initially, in the first stage of the disease, there are fevers, headaches, itchiness, and joint pains. This begins one to three weeks after the bite. Weeks to months later the second stage begins with confusion, poor coordination, numbness and trouble sleeping. Diagnosis is via finding the parasite in a blood smear or in the fluid of a lymph node. A lumbar puncture is often needed to tell the difference between first and second stage disease.Prevention of severe disease involves screening the population at risk with blood tests for T.b.g. Treatment is easier when the disease is detected early and before neurological symptoms occur. Treatment of the first stage is with the medications pentamidine or suramin. Treatment of the second stage involves: eflornithine or a combination of nifurtimox and eflornithine for T.b.g. While melarsoprol works for both it is typically only used for T.b.r. due to serious side effects.The disease occurs regularly in some regions of sub-Saharan Africa with the population at risk being about 70 million in 36 countries. As of 2010 it caused around 9,000 deaths per year, down from 34,000 in 1990. An estimated 30,000 people are currently infected with 7000 new infections in 2012. More than 80% of these cases are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Three major outbreaks have occurred in recent history: one from 1896 to 1906 primarily in Uganda and the Congo Basin and two in 1920 and 1970 in several African countries. Other animals, such as cows, may carry the disease and become infected.