Lecture 9: Bayesian hypothesis testing
... Before we go into the details of Bayesian hypothesis testing, let us briefly review frequentist hypothesis testing. Recall that in the Neyman-Pearson paradigm characteristic of frequentist hypothesis testing, there is an asymmetric relationship between two hypotheses: the null hypothesis H0 and the ...
... Before we go into the details of Bayesian hypothesis testing, let us briefly review frequentist hypothesis testing. Recall that in the Neyman-Pearson paradigm characteristic of frequentist hypothesis testing, there is an asymmetric relationship between two hypotheses: the null hypothesis H0 and the ...
15.1 Life in the Earth System
... • All four Earth systems are interconnected. • The Gaia hypothesis considers Earth as a kind of living organism. – Earth systems interact to yield a biosphere capable of supporting life. – It was developed by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis. ...
... • All four Earth systems are interconnected. • The Gaia hypothesis considers Earth as a kind of living organism. – Earth systems interact to yield a biosphere capable of supporting life. – It was developed by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis. ...
The Cronus hypothesis – extinction as a necessary and dynamic
... Earth mother) posits that life on Earth functions like a single, self-regulating organism, whereas Medea (siblicidal wife of Jason of the Argonauts) describes instead a self-destructive feedback where life ‘seeks’ to destroy itself. We argue that these contrasting views are actually extremes of a sc ...
... Earth mother) posits that life on Earth functions like a single, self-regulating organism, whereas Medea (siblicidal wife of Jason of the Argonauts) describes instead a self-destructive feedback where life ‘seeks’ to destroy itself. We argue that these contrasting views are actually extremes of a sc ...
Why and how to study ecology - Powerpoint for Sept. 14.
... Definitions of Ecology cont’d • Andrewartha – 1961 – Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. • Krebs – 1972 – Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. • Townsend et al. 2003 – Ecology is t ...
... Definitions of Ecology cont’d • Andrewartha – 1961 – Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of organisms. • Krebs – 1972 – Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms. • Townsend et al. 2003 – Ecology is t ...
Unravelling the Origin and Evolution of Our Galaxy
... mission to solve one of the most difficult yet deeply fundamental challenges in modern astronomy – to create an extraordinarily precise three-dimensional map of our Galaxy and beyond. In the process, by combining positional data with radial velocities, GAIA will map the stellar motions, which encode ...
... mission to solve one of the most difficult yet deeply fundamental challenges in modern astronomy – to create an extraordinarily precise three-dimensional map of our Galaxy and beyond. In the process, by combining positional data with radial velocities, GAIA will map the stellar motions, which encode ...
Scientific Method Review 2 Cases to Study
... chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case. he found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. ...
... chickens had eaten whole-grain rice, but during the experiment, the chickens were fed polished rice. Dr. Eijkman researched this interesting case. he found that polished rice lacked thiamine, a vitamin necessary for good health. ...
Scientific Method
... disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that ...
... disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They injected chickens with bacteria from the blood of patients with beriberi. The injected chickens became sick. However, so did a group of chickens that ...
Scientific Method In Action The Strange Case of BeriBeri How
... The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They i ...
... The Strange Case of BeriBeri In 1887 a strange nerve disease attacked the people in the Dutch East Indies. The disease was beriberi. Symptoms of the disease included weakness and loss of appetite, victims often died of heart failure. Scientists thought the disease might be caused by bacteria. They i ...
here - ESA Science
... Accurate measurement of star positions from the surface of the Earth is a difficult task. Positions can only be measured relative to other stars that can be seen and only within a small portion of the sky. In addition, the Earth’s atmosphere distorts the stellar images to some degree, thereby limiti ...
... Accurate measurement of star positions from the surface of the Earth is a difficult task. Positions can only be measured relative to other stars that can be seen and only within a small portion of the sky. In addition, the Earth’s atmosphere distorts the stellar images to some degree, thereby limiti ...
White dwarfs from GAIA: The 7th dimension
... • The white dwarf luminosity function of Gaia is a sensitive probe of the averaged star formation rate • Due to their very short main-sequence lifetimes the shape of the SFR can be reconstructed from the luminosity function of massive white dwarfs • To achieve these goals, we need R~5000 spectroscop ...
... • The white dwarf luminosity function of Gaia is a sensitive probe of the averaged star formation rate • Due to their very short main-sequence lifetimes the shape of the SFR can be reconstructed from the luminosity function of massive white dwarfs • To achieve these goals, we need R~5000 spectroscop ...
IAUS 298: Setting the Scene for Gaia and LAMOST, The current and
... surveys that will bring a revival for Galactic studies of interstellar gas and star formation (ASKAP, GAMES). In particular, we’ll be able to study in much more detail the connection (gas) between the disk and the halo, l-v diagrams for Galactic structure, absorption, rotation curve Star formation a ...
... surveys that will bring a revival for Galactic studies of interstellar gas and star formation (ASKAP, GAMES). In particular, we’ll be able to study in much more detail the connection (gas) between the disk and the halo, l-v diagrams for Galactic structure, absorption, rotation curve Star formation a ...
Class 18 Lecture
... First we construct the Rejection Region corresponding to α=0.01. These are numbers to the left of z0.005 2.576 and to the right of z0.005 2.576 . Now, given sample we find (the book gives this data): n 100, X 11.851, s 0.512 and calculate X 0 ...
... First we construct the Rejection Region corresponding to α=0.01. These are numbers to the left of z0.005 2.576 and to the right of z0.005 2.576 . Now, given sample we find (the book gives this data): n 100, X 11.851, s 0.512 and calculate X 0 ...
A geophysiologist`s thoughts on geoengineering
... humans. In addition, most of the ocean surface waters carry only a sparse population of photosynthetic organisms, mainly because the mineral and other nutrients in the water below the thermocline do not readily mix with the warmer surface layer. Some essential nutrients such as iron are present in s ...
... humans. In addition, most of the ocean surface waters carry only a sparse population of photosynthetic organisms, mainly because the mineral and other nutrients in the water below the thermocline do not readily mix with the warmer surface layer. Some essential nutrients such as iron are present in s ...
Lecture 01 Ecology Ecology as a Science
... on the scientific method The scientific method requires observation, creation of a hypothesis, and data collection to refute or support the hypothesis. Ecology and evolution are two separate disciplines that overlap in their investigation of the natural world. An understanding of ecology may lead us ...
... on the scientific method The scientific method requires observation, creation of a hypothesis, and data collection to refute or support the hypothesis. Ecology and evolution are two separate disciplines that overlap in their investigation of the natural world. An understanding of ecology may lead us ...
1 Sounding the Deep - Department of Ecology and Evolution
... French captain Nicolas Thomas Baudin, which brought back many specimens.) ...
... French captain Nicolas Thomas Baudin, which brought back many specimens.) ...
The GAIA astrometric survey of extra
... Mp ≤ 13MJ have been classified as extra-solar planets solely on the basis of their small projected masses, and thus, under the reasonable assumption of randomly oriented orbital planes on the sky, small true masses. But, some of them may not be planets at all, as ∼ 1/5 of them have Msin i > 5 MJ . A ...
... Mp ≤ 13MJ have been classified as extra-solar planets solely on the basis of their small projected masses, and thus, under the reasonable assumption of randomly oriented orbital planes on the sky, small true masses. But, some of them may not be planets at all, as ∼ 1/5 of them have Msin i > 5 MJ . A ...
Freshwater Ecology - Field Studies Council
... Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes) are non-vascular plants. This means that they do not contain vascular tissue to conduct water and other nutrients through them. All bryophytes can absorb water through the entire body surface and so have very thin cell walls and cuticles. In place of roots, most br ...
... Mosses and liverworts (Bryophytes) are non-vascular plants. This means that they do not contain vascular tissue to conduct water and other nutrients through them. All bryophytes can absorb water through the entire body surface and so have very thin cell walls and cuticles. In place of roots, most br ...
A Story of Gaia - Online - Introduction Overview
... or canceling us. Unless we see the Earth as a planet that behaves as if it were alive, at least to the extent of regulating its climate and chemistry, we will lack the will to change our way of life and to understand that we have made it our greatest enemy.” * We will explore why 'spaceship Earth' i ...
... or canceling us. Unless we see the Earth as a planet that behaves as if it were alive, at least to the extent of regulating its climate and chemistry, we will lack the will to change our way of life and to understand that we have made it our greatest enemy.” * We will explore why 'spaceship Earth' i ...
Pinpointing the Milky Way
... Gaia’s processing is broken down into components to facilitate distributed development, identifying the major parts of the system that may operate relatively independently. This approach is also driven by the fact that the system is to be developed in many countries by a number of teams, each with d ...
... Gaia’s processing is broken down into components to facilitate distributed development, identifying the major parts of the system that may operate relatively independently. This approach is also driven by the fact that the system is to be developed in many countries by a number of teams, each with d ...
The Gaian Theory Essay Research Paper IntroductionContinental
... Geologists and biologists have traditionally thought of life as having adapted to changes in the environmental conditions over time, but a new view of the earth has emerged from what is now called the Gaia theory. Many scientists now look at the entire earth as an organism; where living and nonlivin ...
... Geologists and biologists have traditionally thought of life as having adapted to changes in the environmental conditions over time, but a new view of the earth has emerged from what is now called the Gaia theory. Many scientists now look at the entire earth as an organism; where living and nonlivin ...
the relationships between marine phytoplankton
... compound in the transfer of sulphur derived from a traditional perspective on the cycles of elements, namely, that only physicochemical sources could account for the huge amounts of substances involved in such cycles. Non-biological sources of H2S that were already known, such as volcanoes and fumar ...
... compound in the transfer of sulphur derived from a traditional perspective on the cycles of elements, namely, that only physicochemical sources could account for the huge amounts of substances involved in such cycles. Non-biological sources of H2S that were already known, such as volcanoes and fumar ...
MS Scientific Method Scenarios
... around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it ...
... around the mold because all the bacteria that had grown in this area had died. In the culture dishes without the mold, no clear areas were present. Fleming hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it ...
PASSAGE VI t-\.~nrlAI Science Reasoning Tests
... Specks of metamorphic rock were weathered away and swept into the atmosphere by wind. While there, these compounds combined with other bits of rock and mixed with other gases. The result of this weathering and interaction in the atmosphere along with lightning strikes led to the development of the f ...
... Specks of metamorphic rock were weathered away and swept into the atmosphere by wind. While there, these compounds combined with other bits of rock and mixed with other gases. The result of this weathering and interaction in the atmosphere along with lightning strikes led to the development of the f ...
Gaia and natural selection
... further testing Gaia theory. At this stage, it seems that natural selection can form an integral part of planetary self-regulation and, where destabilizing effects arise, they may be less likely than stabilizing effects to attain global significance or persist. ...
... further testing Gaia theory. At this stage, it seems that natural selection can form an integral part of planetary self-regulation and, where destabilizing effects arise, they may be less likely than stabilizing effects to attain global significance or persist. ...
Gaia hypothesis
The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle, proposes that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a self-regulating, complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet. Topics of interest include how the biosphere and the evolution of life forms affect the stability of global temperature, ocean salinity, oxygen in the atmosphere and other environmental variables that affect the habitability of Earth.The hypothesis was formulated by the chemist James Lovelock and co-developed by the microbiologist Lynn Margulis in the 1970s. The hypothesis was initially criticized for being teleological and contradicting principles of natural selection, but later refinements resulted in ideas framed by the Gaia hypothesis being used in fields such as Earth system science, biogeochemistry, systems ecology, and the emerging subject of geophysiology. Nevertheless, the Gaia hypothesis continues to attract criticism, and today many scientists consider it to be only weakly supported by, or at odds with, the available evidence. In 2006, the Geological Society of London awarded Lovelock the Wollaston Medal largely for his work on the Gaia hypothesis.