Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links
... on the success of the host response (Anderson & May 1979). The impact of a pathogen is typically intensityindependent because a single infection event, and the parasiteÕs subsequent within-host production, yields the full array of pathology for the host. In contrast, typical parasites (modelled as m ...
... on the success of the host response (Anderson & May 1979). The impact of a pathogen is typically intensityindependent because a single infection event, and the parasiteÕs subsequent within-host production, yields the full array of pathology for the host. In contrast, typical parasites (modelled as m ...
Epizootiology Of Sin Nombre And El Moro Canyon Hantaviruses
... occurred throughout the year; antibody prevalence (11.9% overall) showed a delayed–densitydependent pattern, peaking as relative abundance of mice was declining. Males of both host species were more frequently infected than were females. An apparently lower mean survivorship (persistence at the trap ...
... occurred throughout the year; antibody prevalence (11.9% overall) showed a delayed–densitydependent pattern, peaking as relative abundance of mice was declining. Males of both host species were more frequently infected than were females. An apparently lower mean survivorship (persistence at the trap ...
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 402/2 - Library
... with the range of aquatic animal species involved and their pathogens and diseases. In addition, differing reasons for moving live aquatic animals and products impose a further set of variables to the process. Nevertheless, the serious impacts of unrestricted regional and international movement of a ...
... with the range of aquatic animal species involved and their pathogens and diseases. In addition, differing reasons for moving live aquatic animals and products impose a further set of variables to the process. Nevertheless, the serious impacts of unrestricted regional and international movement of a ...
Stool submission by general practitioners in SW England qualitative study
... Background: We know little about when and why general practitioners (GPs) submit stool specimens in patients with diarrhoea. The recent UK-wide intestinal infectious disease (IID2) study found ten GP consultations for every case reported to national surveillance. We aimed to explore what factors inf ...
... Background: We know little about when and why general practitioners (GPs) submit stool specimens in patients with diarrhoea. The recent UK-wide intestinal infectious disease (IID2) study found ten GP consultations for every case reported to national surveillance. We aimed to explore what factors inf ...
Role of birds in the biology of Lyme disease Borrelia
... As the number of spirochetes in tissues is low, direct observation of spirochetes in samples is rarely possible but PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA is useful ...
... As the number of spirochetes in tissues is low, direct observation of spirochetes in samples is rarely possible but PCR amplification of Borrelia DNA is useful ...
Reprint
... the spread of the disease can be modeled by assuming that each infected individual produces a random number of new infections, RI, the value of which is drawn from some probability distribution, pI(). This number of new infections includes those generated in all stages of the disease, in the absenc ...
... the spread of the disease can be modeled by assuming that each infected individual produces a random number of new infections, RI, the value of which is drawn from some probability distribution, pI(). This number of new infections includes those generated in all stages of the disease, in the absenc ...
The Syphilis Exchange - The Lost Colony Center for Science and
... that came back from the New World with Columbus3. However, another theory, the Unitarian Theory, postulates that the organism which causes treponematosis mutated into several forms, and became a sexually-transmitted venereal disease only after being transported from Africa into colder climates4. Sup ...
... that came back from the New World with Columbus3. However, another theory, the Unitarian Theory, postulates that the organism which causes treponematosis mutated into several forms, and became a sexually-transmitted venereal disease only after being transported from Africa into colder climates4. Sup ...
Is Antibiotic Cycling the Answer to Preventing the Emergence of
... Studies supporting antibiotic cycling. Antibiotic class cycling has been suggested as a potential strategy for reducing the emergence of antibiotic resistance [70]. In theory, a class of antibiotics or a specific antibiotic drug is withdrawn from use for a defined period and reintroduced at a later ...
... Studies supporting antibiotic cycling. Antibiotic class cycling has been suggested as a potential strategy for reducing the emergence of antibiotic resistance [70]. In theory, a class of antibiotics or a specific antibiotic drug is withdrawn from use for a defined period and reintroduced at a later ...
What is mumps? What are the usual symptoms of mumps? What are
... Yes. Mumps is very infectious. It takes 14-21 days to develop symptoms after being infected. Affected people are infectious from about six days before, until about five days after, a parotid gland begins to swell. Children immunised against mumps are unlikely to catch mumps. However, immunisation is ...
... Yes. Mumps is very infectious. It takes 14-21 days to develop symptoms after being infected. Affected people are infectious from about six days before, until about five days after, a parotid gland begins to swell. Children immunised against mumps are unlikely to catch mumps. However, immunisation is ...
Scientific Information Concerning the Issue of Whether Prions Are a
... consequently, for the slow accumulation of brain plaques. Furthermore, this slow progression of plaque formation and the prion diseases accounts for early speculation that the causative agent might be an unknown slow-virus. It is now clear that the transmissible encephalopathies (kuru, scrapie, mad ...
... consequently, for the slow accumulation of brain plaques. Furthermore, this slow progression of plaque formation and the prion diseases accounts for early speculation that the causative agent might be an unknown slow-virus. It is now clear that the transmissible encephalopathies (kuru, scrapie, mad ...
A Review of Single-Use and Reusable Gowns and Drapes in Health
... deaths per year. Surgical-site infections (SSIs) have been estimated to cause 3,251 deaths directly and to contribute to 9,726 deaths.8 Since the incidence of SSIs in the lowest-risk category of procedures is approximately 1% and an estimated 27 million surgical procedures are performed each year, m ...
... deaths per year. Surgical-site infections (SSIs) have been estimated to cause 3,251 deaths directly and to contribute to 9,726 deaths.8 Since the incidence of SSIs in the lowest-risk category of procedures is approximately 1% and an estimated 27 million surgical procedures are performed each year, m ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... coded based on the ICD-classification which was changed from the 8th to the 10th revision in Denmark in 1994. Childcare and infections Since the initial studies of the impact of childcare on childhood infectious disease in the 1930s by Lichtenstein [10] and Gyllenswärd [11], the area has been immen ...
... coded based on the ICD-classification which was changed from the 8th to the 10th revision in Denmark in 1994. Childcare and infections Since the initial studies of the impact of childcare on childhood infectious disease in the 1930s by Lichtenstein [10] and Gyllenswärd [11], the area has been immen ...
Infectious Diseases in Finland 1995–2009
... vaccination programme for children. It is hoped that this will have similar favourable effects on the development of pneumococcal resistance, as those attained in some other countries. The situation regarding pneumococcal resistance in Finland is worse than in the other Nordic countries, even though ...
... vaccination programme for children. It is hoped that this will have similar favourable effects on the development of pneumococcal resistance, as those attained in some other countries. The situation regarding pneumococcal resistance in Finland is worse than in the other Nordic countries, even though ...
100th anniversary of Robert Koch`s Nobel Prize for the discovery of
... Subsequent years created new challenges for Koch. Asiatic cholera threatened to attack Europe and the assumption was that this disease was caused by a microbial pathogen. Cholera had been endemic in India for a long time but absent from Europe until the beginning of the 19th century. Between 1820 an ...
... Subsequent years created new challenges for Koch. Asiatic cholera threatened to attack Europe and the assumption was that this disease was caused by a microbial pathogen. Cholera had been endemic in India for a long time but absent from Europe until the beginning of the 19th century. Between 1820 an ...
Community-acquired pneumonia in children: Clinical features and
... from Streptococcus pneumoniaeand less commonly from Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus, which may follow days of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, is considered abrupt in onset, with the febrile patient appearing ill and sometimes toxic. Respiratory distress is moderate to sev ...
... from Streptococcus pneumoniaeand less commonly from Staphylococcus aureus and group A Streptococcus, which may follow days of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, is considered abrupt in onset, with the febrile patient appearing ill and sometimes toxic. Respiratory distress is moderate to sev ...
Chapters - SEALS Digital Commons
... tuberculosis (Michel et al., 2010). Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an infectious disease found in cattle mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) (Michel et al., 2010). M. bovis is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) together with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis ...
... tuberculosis (Michel et al., 2010). Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an infectious disease found in cattle mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) (Michel et al., 2010). M. bovis is a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) together with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis ...
in zoo and wildlife species
... From this study, the prevalence of M. tuberculosis was estimated to be approximately 3.0% in the captive elephant population in North America (42). Clinical a n d pathological a s p e c t s Signs attributed to tuberculosis in elephants are mostly non-specific, e.g. inappetance, weight loss, reluctan ...
... From this study, the prevalence of M. tuberculosis was estimated to be approximately 3.0% in the captive elephant population in North America (42). Clinical a n d pathological a s p e c t s Signs attributed to tuberculosis in elephants are mostly non-specific, e.g. inappetance, weight loss, reluctan ...
Isolation, identification and increasing importance of `free
... Amphizoic small amoebic protozoa are capable of existing both in ‘free-living’ and in ‘parasitic’ form depending on the actual conditions. Two genera (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba) have become recognised as opportunist human parasites. Since the first description in 1965 of a lethal case of primary am ...
... Amphizoic small amoebic protozoa are capable of existing both in ‘free-living’ and in ‘parasitic’ form depending on the actual conditions. Two genera (Naegleria and Acanthamoeba) have become recognised as opportunist human parasites. Since the first description in 1965 of a lethal case of primary am ...
69879 - Radboud Repository
... that FDG PET holds promise to become the standard imaging technique in this difficult patient population, especially after previous surgery, as it is straightforward and provides a rapid result. PET images are not disturbed by the presence of metallic implants, which is a major advantage when compar ...
... that FDG PET holds promise to become the standard imaging technique in this difficult patient population, especially after previous surgery, as it is straightforward and provides a rapid result. PET images are not disturbed by the presence of metallic implants, which is a major advantage when compar ...
medicina universitaria
... Ebola virus disease was irst described in 1976 originating from the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, Ebola virus has become an important public health threat in Africa, and now it is of great concern worldwide due to the recent outbreaks (9216 cases with 4555 deaths up to ...
... Ebola virus disease was irst described in 1976 originating from the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, Ebola virus has become an important public health threat in Africa, and now it is of great concern worldwide due to the recent outbreaks (9216 cases with 4555 deaths up to ...
The global distribution of Crimean
... Existing global distribution maps of CCHF are largely in the form of national-level maps of vector presence or reported human cases, such as that provided by WHO.35 Here we draw upon the findings of several of the country-specific studies to model risk for CCHF infection in humans at a global scale ...
... Existing global distribution maps of CCHF are largely in the form of national-level maps of vector presence or reported human cases, such as that provided by WHO.35 Here we draw upon the findings of several of the country-specific studies to model risk for CCHF infection in humans at a global scale ...
epidemiology of pertussis Pediatrics paper 2005
... n the prevaccine era pertussis epidemics followed a cyclic pattern, with peaks every 2 to 5 years.1–4 In the present vaccine era the overall incidence of pertussis has been reduced dramatically, but the cyclic pattern has not changed. This pattern contrasts with other infectious diseases that have b ...
... n the prevaccine era pertussis epidemics followed a cyclic pattern, with peaks every 2 to 5 years.1–4 In the present vaccine era the overall incidence of pertussis has been reduced dramatically, but the cyclic pattern has not changed. This pattern contrasts with other infectious diseases that have b ...
investigation of abscesses and deep
... guidance notes, promote high quality practices and help to assure the comparability of diagnostic information obtained in different laboratories. This in turn facilitates standardisation of surveillance underpinned by research, development and audit and promotes public health and patient confidence ...
... guidance notes, promote high quality practices and help to assure the comparability of diagnostic information obtained in different laboratories. This in turn facilitates standardisation of surveillance underpinned by research, development and audit and promotes public health and patient confidence ...
Guidance for the Prevention and Control of Hepatitis A Infection
... with men (MSM)2,3 and injecting drug users (IDUs)4 in the UK. The average incubation period of hepatitis A is around 28 days (range 15–50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable. In children under 5 years of age 80-95% of infections are asymptomatic while in adults 70-95% of ...
... with men (MSM)2,3 and injecting drug users (IDUs)4 in the UK. The average incubation period of hepatitis A is around 28 days (range 15–50 days). The course of hepatitis A infection is extremely variable. In children under 5 years of age 80-95% of infections are asymptomatic while in adults 70-95% of ...
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... guidelines, vancomycin prescription was justified in only 20.9% (n = 100) of the cases. There was discontinuation of the vancomycin therapy if microbiological cultures results were negative (63.0 %, n = 63), treatment of infections caused by β –lactam resistant Gram-positive bacteria (18.0 %, n = 18 ...
... guidelines, vancomycin prescription was justified in only 20.9% (n = 100) of the cases. There was discontinuation of the vancomycin therapy if microbiological cultures results were negative (63.0 %, n = 63), treatment of infections caused by β –lactam resistant Gram-positive bacteria (18.0 %, n = 18 ...
Oesophagostomum
Oesophagostomum is a genus of free-living nematodes of the family Strongyloidae. These worms occur in Africa, Brazil, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The majority of human infection with Oesophagostomum is localized to northern Togo and Ghana. Because the eggs may be indistinguishable from those of the hookworms (which are widely distributed and can also rarely cause helminthomas), the species causing human helminthomas are rarely identified with accuracy. Oesophagostomum, especially O. bifurcum, are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats, pigs and non-human primates, although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well. The disease they cause, oesophagostomiasis, is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts, which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery. Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently, it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means, with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae.Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem. Because it is so localized, research on intervention measures and the implementation of effective public health interventions have been lacking. In recent years, however, there have been advances in the diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infection with PCR assays and ultrasound and recent interventions involving mass treatment with albendazole shows promise for controlling and possibly eliminating Oesophagostomum infection in northern Togo and Ghana.