Crossing the scale from within-host infection dynamics to between
... host tissues. For instance, high pathogen load in the respiratory tract may be expected to correspond to high infectiousness for a respiratory pathogen. This—arguably simplest—assumption that transmission potential only depends on pathogen load has been used in a number of recent influenza modelling ...
... host tissues. For instance, high pathogen load in the respiratory tract may be expected to correspond to high infectiousness for a respiratory pathogen. This—arguably simplest—assumption that transmission potential only depends on pathogen load has been used in a number of recent influenza modelling ...
Interference of reovirus strains occurs between the stages of
... protein is functionally defective and, thus, interference of TIL is expected to be reduced significantly; however, shifting to the permissive temperature (31 °C) will restore the interfering function of the mutant I~1 protein and interference will occur again. Consequently, we would expect that the ...
... protein is functionally defective and, thus, interference of TIL is expected to be reduced significantly; however, shifting to the permissive temperature (31 °C) will restore the interfering function of the mutant I~1 protein and interference will occur again. Consequently, we would expect that the ...
Ulcerative Lesions Of The Oral Cavity October 2002
... has been suggested, but is not supported by the majority of the literature. These viruses are ubiquitous and there are no reports of successful treatment of RAS with antiviral therapy. A bacterial association has also been proposed due to the fact that streptococcus species have been cultured from p ...
... has been suggested, but is not supported by the majority of the literature. These viruses are ubiquitous and there are no reports of successful treatment of RAS with antiviral therapy. A bacterial association has also been proposed due to the fact that streptococcus species have been cultured from p ...
and Lymphoid Cells Coreceptor on Untransformed
... in the T-cell line MOLT4 clone 8. The replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying the human CD4 gene (Ad-CD4) (76) was propagated in the cell line 293. When cytopathicity was observed, cells were pelleted by centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded, and the cells were resuspended in fresh ...
... in the T-cell line MOLT4 clone 8. The replication-defective adenovirus vector carrying the human CD4 gene (Ad-CD4) (76) was propagated in the cell line 293. When cytopathicity was observed, cells were pelleted by centrifugation, the supernatant was discarded, and the cells were resuspended in fresh ...
Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illness
... testing is performed, stool culture can provide a definitive diagnosis of infectious diarrhea and is useful for outbreak identification. In most outpatients who have self-limiting gastroenteritis, a stool culture does not affect management.4 Bacteria are the most common cause of non–self-limiting fo ...
... testing is performed, stool culture can provide a definitive diagnosis of infectious diarrhea and is useful for outbreak identification. In most outpatients who have self-limiting gastroenteritis, a stool culture does not affect management.4 Bacteria are the most common cause of non–self-limiting fo ...
Anal Cancer and Human Papilloma Virus - Dana
... • Distribution of HPV genotypes in the anus is more heterogeneous than in the cervix, and it has been demonstrated that a greater proportion are of low-risk HPV types • Most common non-oncogenic HPV-53 and -66 • Most common oncogenic HPV-51, -52 and -16 • Detection of anal HPV is associated with: – ...
... • Distribution of HPV genotypes in the anus is more heterogeneous than in the cervix, and it has been demonstrated that a greater proportion are of low-risk HPV types • Most common non-oncogenic HPV-53 and -66 • Most common oncogenic HPV-51, -52 and -16 • Detection of anal HPV is associated with: – ...
Infectious salmon anaemia virus
... Infectious salmon anaemia is an infectious viral disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The disease is caused by infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a negative sense single strand RNA virus. ISA virus is an enveloped virus around 90-130nm in diameter, with a linear genome ~13.5 Kb in l ...
... Infectious salmon anaemia is an infectious viral disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The disease is caused by infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), a negative sense single strand RNA virus. ISA virus is an enveloped virus around 90-130nm in diameter, with a linear genome ~13.5 Kb in l ...
Wulff 2007a - FSU Biology
... and time is statistically significant when both variables are divided into two categories, the data do not indicate that disease steadily increased between 1984 and 1998. Prevalence was highest in Amphimedon compressa in 1998, the final year in which a census could be made on this reef, but in both ...
... and time is statistically significant when both variables are divided into two categories, the data do not indicate that disease steadily increased between 1984 and 1998. Prevalence was highest in Amphimedon compressa in 1998, the final year in which a census could be made on this reef, but in both ...
Irish Articles Compendium
... there has been no erythema migrans rash. The infection is confirmed by special blood tests. The tests used, look for antibodies to B. burgdorferi, which are produced by an infected person's body in response to the infection. Antibodies will take several weeks to develop and may not be present in the ...
... there has been no erythema migrans rash. The infection is confirmed by special blood tests. The tests used, look for antibodies to B. burgdorferi, which are produced by an infected person's body in response to the infection. Antibodies will take several weeks to develop and may not be present in the ...
2005PWW078 - City of Edmonton
... Hepatitis B and C is a concern for workers who may be exposed to blood, as in the case of a needlestick injury. After needles and syringes have been used, they can contain very small amounts of blood. If the blood came from an infected person, it may contain viruses, which can cause such diseases as ...
... Hepatitis B and C is a concern for workers who may be exposed to blood, as in the case of a needlestick injury. After needles and syringes have been used, they can contain very small amounts of blood. If the blood came from an infected person, it may contain viruses, which can cause such diseases as ...
Detection of Measles Virus RNA in Air and Surface Specimens in a
... due to touching cannot be excluded, correct donning and removal usually do not expose the midsection of the mask. This novel detection method provides a direct assessment of the individual exposure to airborne viruses. Of course, this study is limited to one patient, and shedding patterns are likely ...
... due to touching cannot be excluded, correct donning and removal usually do not expose the midsection of the mask. This novel detection method provides a direct assessment of the individual exposure to airborne viruses. Of course, this study is limited to one patient, and shedding patterns are likely ...
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
... CCHF (epidemiology, routes of transmission, risk factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention) with an emphasis on new treatment modalities. Epidemiology Like other tick-borne zoonotic agents, CCHFV generally circulates in nature in an enzootic tickvert ...
... CCHF (epidemiology, routes of transmission, risk factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention) with an emphasis on new treatment modalities. Epidemiology Like other tick-borne zoonotic agents, CCHFV generally circulates in nature in an enzootic tickvert ...
Tropical milkweed - The Monarch Joint Venture
... severe OE infections can fail to emerge successfully from their pupal stage, either because they become stuck or they are too weak to fully expand their wings. Monarchs with mild OE infections can appear normal but live shorter lives and cannot fly was well as healthy monarchs. Although recent resea ...
... severe OE infections can fail to emerge successfully from their pupal stage, either because they become stuck or they are too weak to fully expand their wings. Monarchs with mild OE infections can appear normal but live shorter lives and cannot fly was well as healthy monarchs. Although recent resea ...
135-146 Corres com
... mol/L in group B. In addition, patients who received ILAmB required less sodium and potassium supplementation than those treated with D-AmB. The efficacies of the two formulations were comparable. The rate at which IL-AmB is infused may influence tolerability. Schöffski et al.6 compared D-AmB, suspe ...
... mol/L in group B. In addition, patients who received ILAmB required less sodium and potassium supplementation than those treated with D-AmB. The efficacies of the two formulations were comparable. The rate at which IL-AmB is infused may influence tolerability. Schöffski et al.6 compared D-AmB, suspe ...
Influence of genetic relatedness and spatial proximity on chronic
... 1. Social organization and interactions among individuals are suspected to play important roles in the transmission and potential management of wildlife diseases. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate sociality in wildlife disease transmission. We evaluated the hypothesis of socially ...
... 1. Social organization and interactions among individuals are suspected to play important roles in the transmission and potential management of wildlife diseases. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate sociality in wildlife disease transmission. We evaluated the hypothesis of socially ...
Leptospirosis in the Azores: the Rodent Connection
... potential strategies to help alleviate this chronic disease problem. OVERVIEW OF LEITOSPIROSIS Leptospirosis (also called Weil's disease, after the person who fist described the pathogenic organism in 1886) is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by seven antigenically distinct members ...
... potential strategies to help alleviate this chronic disease problem. OVERVIEW OF LEITOSPIROSIS Leptospirosis (also called Weil's disease, after the person who fist described the pathogenic organism in 1886) is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by seven antigenically distinct members ...
Review Late presentation of HIV
... classes or (iv) HIV-unrelated mortality at high CD4+ Tcell counts. It appears that late presentation, in particular in recent years, explains a significant proportion of deaths from HIV/AIDS in the HAART era [5,6,15]. Prognosis of untreated HIV-infected individuals was investigated in an analysis fr ...
... classes or (iv) HIV-unrelated mortality at high CD4+ Tcell counts. It appears that late presentation, in particular in recent years, explains a significant proportion of deaths from HIV/AIDS in the HAART era [5,6,15]. Prognosis of untreated HIV-infected individuals was investigated in an analysis fr ...
Blocking of integrins inhibits HIV-1 infection of and complement-opsonized virions
... Another potential mechanism available to the virus to penetrate the mucosa is by exploiting dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) localized in the stratified epithelium, where these cells can pick up HIV-1 and transfer the virus to the submucosa [8]. When HIV-1 has reached the submucosa, ...
... Another potential mechanism available to the virus to penetrate the mucosa is by exploiting dendritic cells (DCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs) localized in the stratified epithelium, where these cells can pick up HIV-1 and transfer the virus to the submucosa [8]. When HIV-1 has reached the submucosa, ...
Evolution of SIV toward RANTES resistance in - HHV
... 10/L were enrolled in the study. Investigations to identify the infectious causes included blood and urine culture for bacteria whereas for viruses, serology for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, parvovirus and polymerase chain reaction for human herpes virus 6 and enterovirus were pe ...
... 10/L were enrolled in the study. Investigations to identify the infectious causes included blood and urine culture for bacteria whereas for viruses, serology for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, parvovirus and polymerase chain reaction for human herpes virus 6 and enterovirus were pe ...
the list of illnesses/diseases that exclude a child from attending school.
... Exclude until medical certificate of recovery is received following at least two negative throat swabs, the first not less than 24 hours after finishing a course of antibiotics and the other 48 hours later ...
... Exclude until medical certificate of recovery is received following at least two negative throat swabs, the first not less than 24 hours after finishing a course of antibiotics and the other 48 hours later ...
Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other blood
... addition to the doctors, nurses, and midwives in active practice. If we assume that the prevalence rates are at least similar to those in the general population, it is clear that the number of infected healthcare workers is a cause for concern, particularly in under-resourced health systems. Transmi ...
... addition to the doctors, nurses, and midwives in active practice. If we assume that the prevalence rates are at least similar to those in the general population, it is clear that the number of infected healthcare workers is a cause for concern, particularly in under-resourced health systems. Transmi ...
A mechanistic model of infection: why duration and intensity of
... Ignoring such heterogeneities might lead to erroneous conclusions from simulation results. In this paper, we show how a mechanistic model of disease transmission differs from this commonly used assumption of a constant per-contact transmission probability. Methods: We present an exposure-based, mech ...
... Ignoring such heterogeneities might lead to erroneous conclusions from simulation results. In this paper, we show how a mechanistic model of disease transmission differs from this commonly used assumption of a constant per-contact transmission probability. Methods: We present an exposure-based, mech ...
Vaccine Development: A History of Success
... children by the time they reach age five, causing some 250,000 emergency room visits and 70,000 hospitalizations each year. Besides diarrhea, its symptoms include vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Victims can become so dehydrated they must be treated with intravenous fluids. In the developing wor ...
... children by the time they reach age five, causing some 250,000 emergency room visits and 70,000 hospitalizations each year. Besides diarrhea, its symptoms include vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Victims can become so dehydrated they must be treated with intravenous fluids. In the developing wor ...
Oesophagostomum
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Oesophagostomum is a genus of free-living nematodes of the family Strongyloidae. These worms occur in Africa, Brazil, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The majority of human infection with Oesophagostomum is localized to northern Togo and Ghana. Because the eggs may be indistinguishable from those of the hookworms (which are widely distributed and can also rarely cause helminthomas), the species causing human helminthomas are rarely identified with accuracy. Oesophagostomum, especially O. bifurcum, are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats, pigs and non-human primates, although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well. The disease they cause, oesophagostomiasis, is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts, which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery. Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently, it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means, with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae.Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem. Because it is so localized, research on intervention measures and the implementation of effective public health interventions have been lacking. In recent years, however, there have been advances in the diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infection with PCR assays and ultrasound and recent interventions involving mass treatment with albendazole shows promise for controlling and possibly eliminating Oesophagostomum infection in northern Togo and Ghana.