FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (FIV)
... The main method of transmission of FIV from one cat to another is through a bite wound during a catfight. The virus is rarely spread through casual cat-tocat contact, but cannot be ruled out. However, female cats infected with FIV during their pregnancy can pass the virus to their unborn kittens. Th ...
... The main method of transmission of FIV from one cat to another is through a bite wound during a catfight. The virus is rarely spread through casual cat-tocat contact, but cannot be ruled out. However, female cats infected with FIV during their pregnancy can pass the virus to their unborn kittens. Th ...
Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with
... This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: Corman, V. M., Albarrak, A. M., Omrani, A. S., Albarrak, M. M., Farah, M. E., Almasri, M., … Memish, Z. A. (2016). Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus I ...
... This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: Corman, V. M., Albarrak, A. M., Omrani, A. S., Albarrak, M. M., Farah, M. E., Almasri, M., … Memish, Z. A. (2016). Viral Shedding and Antibody Response in 37 Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus I ...
View Full Text-PDF
... population, the prevalence in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (38%) was significantly higher than that of control group (22 %). A study conducted by Ismail et al. (2011) in Egypt concluded that SEN-V is commonly present in blood transfused and hemodialysis patients attending Assuit University H ...
... population, the prevalence in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (38%) was significantly higher than that of control group (22 %). A study conducted by Ismail et al. (2011) in Egypt concluded that SEN-V is commonly present in blood transfused and hemodialysis patients attending Assuit University H ...
Women and Hepatitis C - Hepatitis C New Drug Research And Liver
... indicates spontaneous clearance rates tend to be higher among women than men, 40% vs 19%, and among individuals who experience acute hepatitis C symptoms, which is thought to signal a more robust immune response. Clearance, if it occurs, usually happens within 4 to 6 months, but may take up to 18 mo ...
... indicates spontaneous clearance rates tend to be higher among women than men, 40% vs 19%, and among individuals who experience acute hepatitis C symptoms, which is thought to signal a more robust immune response. Clearance, if it occurs, usually happens within 4 to 6 months, but may take up to 18 mo ...
Immunological tolerance of Bhutanese native chicken to Infectious
... importance worldwide. Vaccination is the only the effective method to control the disease. The selection and breeding for disease resistance is an emerging concept towards a sustainable alternative for control the disease in future. Individual chicken types/breeds are claimed to be relatively more r ...
... importance worldwide. Vaccination is the only the effective method to control the disease. The selection and breeding for disease resistance is an emerging concept towards a sustainable alternative for control the disease in future. Individual chicken types/breeds are claimed to be relatively more r ...
Treatments of psoriasis
... It is a quite common disease which also carries with it an extensive physical, psychological and socioeconomic burden, there are still many gaps in the understanding of the disease itself and its management. Patient’s organisations need support for : • Educating the patient about treatment options • ...
... It is a quite common disease which also carries with it an extensive physical, psychological and socioeconomic burden, there are still many gaps in the understanding of the disease itself and its management. Patient’s organisations need support for : • Educating the patient about treatment options • ...
CRE - Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
... CRE are a family of bacteria that usually live in the human gut without causing any problems or symptoms. This is known as being a ‘carrier’ (sometimes called ‘colonisation’), and does not require any treatment. Occasionally, CRE can get into other parts of the body such as the bladder or bloodstrea ...
... CRE are a family of bacteria that usually live in the human gut without causing any problems or symptoms. This is known as being a ‘carrier’ (sometimes called ‘colonisation’), and does not require any treatment. Occasionally, CRE can get into other parts of the body such as the bladder or bloodstrea ...
For Child Care Settings - Western Health and Social Care Trust
... they can become contaminated with germs from unwashed hands, body fluids and by children placing them into their mouths and these germs can survive on the surface of the toys in sufficient numbers to produce a potential risk of infection. • It is important that childcare settings have a written sch ...
... they can become contaminated with germs from unwashed hands, body fluids and by children placing them into their mouths and these germs can survive on the surface of the toys in sufficient numbers to produce a potential risk of infection. • It is important that childcare settings have a written sch ...
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult - LADERM-Ba
... and episodes were identified through the database maintained by the Admission Department of the University Hospital of Salamanca. Cellulitis and erysipelas were defined by the presence of cutaneous tenderness, pain, and erythema, and both entities were considered to be non-complicated soft tissue in ...
... and episodes were identified through the database maintained by the Admission Department of the University Hospital of Salamanca. Cellulitis and erysipelas were defined by the presence of cutaneous tenderness, pain, and erythema, and both entities were considered to be non-complicated soft tissue in ...
secondary syphilis
... degree of maternal spirochataemia). In primary and secondary stages, the fetus is heavily infected and may die of hydrops in utero or shortly after birth. Liver and pancrease show diffuse fibrosis. The placenta is heavy, and pale with plasmacytic villitis. After maternal second stage, the effects of ...
... degree of maternal spirochataemia). In primary and secondary stages, the fetus is heavily infected and may die of hydrops in utero or shortly after birth. Liver and pancrease show diffuse fibrosis. The placenta is heavy, and pale with plasmacytic villitis. After maternal second stage, the effects of ...
Ebola virus disease: epidemiology, clinical feature and the way
... Balami LG et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 May;4(5):1372-1378 ...
... Balami LG et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 May;4(5):1372-1378 ...
Spatial Models of Chytridiomycosis Dynamics in Frogs
... only happens in the teeth and this is usually shed off until juveniles turn into adults. It is only when the skin of the hind limbs and the tail become keratinized in metamorphosing frogs that infection occurs. Crowding in water sources such as ponds or streams during periods of environmental drough ...
... only happens in the teeth and this is usually shed off until juveniles turn into adults. It is only when the skin of the hind limbs and the tail become keratinized in metamorphosing frogs that infection occurs. Crowding in water sources such as ponds or streams during periods of environmental drough ...
Discospondylitis in dogs: a review
... disease. Radiographic follow-up should be evaluated with caution – because radiographs of mature and older dogs may look worse for an additional three to nine weeks – despite successful treatment (Shamir et al, 2001). Computed tomography (CT) can identify subtle endplate erosion and paravertebral so ...
... disease. Radiographic follow-up should be evaluated with caution – because radiographs of mature and older dogs may look worse for an additional three to nine weeks – despite successful treatment (Shamir et al, 2001). Computed tomography (CT) can identify subtle endplate erosion and paravertebral so ...
CONGENITAL, PERINATAL, AND NEONATAL INFECTIONS
... Rubella susceptibility in women of childbearing age studies in developing countries prior to use of vaccine ...
... Rubella susceptibility in women of childbearing age studies in developing countries prior to use of vaccine ...
How I manage pulmonary nodular lesions and
... recovery (45-46). Although IA is the most likely cause of halo lesions in this population, it is important to note that the halo is now known to not be specific for IA: other pathogens, such as P. aeruginosa, the agents of mucormycosis and other less common molds can also give rise to halo infiltrat ...
... recovery (45-46). Although IA is the most likely cause of halo lesions in this population, it is important to note that the halo is now known to not be specific for IA: other pathogens, such as P. aeruginosa, the agents of mucormycosis and other less common molds can also give rise to halo infiltrat ...
Models for heartwater epidemiology: Practical implications and suggestions for future research T. YONOW
... of A. hebraeum collected from cattle by various authors (Norval1977a; Du Plessis & Malan 1987; Meltzer & Norval1993; Norval , Donovan , Meltzer, Deem & Mahan 1994a). We based the number of bites per tick per day (a) on the number of days that a tick instar feeds on a cow. For A. hebraeum, Petney eta ...
... of A. hebraeum collected from cattle by various authors (Norval1977a; Du Plessis & Malan 1987; Meltzer & Norval1993; Norval , Donovan , Meltzer, Deem & Mahan 1994a). We based the number of bites per tick per day (a) on the number of days that a tick instar feeds on a cow. For A. hebraeum, Petney eta ...
Prevalence Study of Antibody to Ratborne Pathogens and Other
... antibody to at least 1 antigen. Seroprevalence for ⭓1 Bartonella species was 17.5% (35 of 200 specimens) (table 1). Twenty-seven specimens (13.5%) had antibody to HEV. Two of the specimens tested moderately positive against the hantavirus panel of antigens, and 2 specimens had equivocal results of t ...
... antibody to at least 1 antigen. Seroprevalence for ⭓1 Bartonella species was 17.5% (35 of 200 specimens) (table 1). Twenty-seven specimens (13.5%) had antibody to HEV. Two of the specimens tested moderately positive against the hantavirus panel of antigens, and 2 specimens had equivocal results of t ...
An Introduction to Biosafety
... human health into four Hazard groups based on: A. Ability of the agent to cause infection in healthy humans B. Severity of the disease that may result C. Risk that the infection will spread to the community D. Availability of effective treatment or prophylaxis ...
... human health into four Hazard groups based on: A. Ability of the agent to cause infection in healthy humans B. Severity of the disease that may result C. Risk that the infection will spread to the community D. Availability of effective treatment or prophylaxis ...
The spread of pathogens through trade in poultry hatching eggs
... recognised (IBDV-1 and IBDV-2) (64). Very virulent strains of IBDV-1 (vvIBDV) have also been described (30). Chickens are the only animals known to develop clinical disease and distinct lesions when exposed to IBDV (39). Serotype 1 and 2 viruses have been isolated from chickens (64). The cloacal bur ...
... recognised (IBDV-1 and IBDV-2) (64). Very virulent strains of IBDV-1 (vvIBDV) have also been described (30). Chickens are the only animals known to develop clinical disease and distinct lesions when exposed to IBDV (39). Serotype 1 and 2 viruses have been isolated from chickens (64). The cloacal bur ...
Diagnostic Challenges in Asia Defining Ulcerative vs Infectious Colitis
... mucosa on the right is hyperemic, without loss of the mucosal vascular pattern. Campylobacter jejuni was identified on stool culture. ...
... mucosa on the right is hyperemic, without loss of the mucosal vascular pattern. Campylobacter jejuni was identified on stool culture. ...
DSTO-GD-0699 PR - Department of Defence
... a signal indicative of an attack of statistically significant strength. As such they can potentially be used to raise an alert earlier than the medical community would have done [4]. Fig. 1 is an illustration of the benefits of syndromic surveillance when coupled with an electronic health record sys ...
... a signal indicative of an attack of statistically significant strength. As such they can potentially be used to raise an alert earlier than the medical community would have done [4]. Fig. 1 is an illustration of the benefits of syndromic surveillance when coupled with an electronic health record sys ...
Aquatic invasive species and emerging infectious disease threats: A
... An estimated 60– 75% of the world’s infectious diseases of humans are zoonotic, infecting both humans and other animals. Many are vectorborne, relying on transmission by mosquitoes and biting flies that are aquatic for much of their lifespan. Others rely on aquatic molluscs, fishes, or other aquatic ...
... An estimated 60– 75% of the world’s infectious diseases of humans are zoonotic, infecting both humans and other animals. Many are vectorborne, relying on transmission by mosquitoes and biting flies that are aquatic for much of their lifespan. Others rely on aquatic molluscs, fishes, or other aquatic ...
Infection Prevention Clinical
... Everyday, people are exposed to germs that may make them sick. People who work in healthcare, such as: nurses, laboratory technologists, and environmental service workers, have a greater risk of exposure in the workplace. Patients may also be exposed to germs found in healthcare facilities. When a p ...
... Everyday, people are exposed to germs that may make them sick. People who work in healthcare, such as: nurses, laboratory technologists, and environmental service workers, have a greater risk of exposure in the workplace. Patients may also be exposed to germs found in healthcare facilities. When a p ...
Absence - Communicable Diseases
... In accordance with national guidance, this document provides a summary of the recommended periods of absence for school pupils who are, or are thought to be, suffering from an infection which may spread to others. The key to prevention and control of spread of infection is maintaining high standards ...
... In accordance with national guidance, this document provides a summary of the recommended periods of absence for school pupils who are, or are thought to be, suffering from an infection which may spread to others. The key to prevention and control of spread of infection is maintaining high standards ...
Oesophagostomum
.jpg?width=300)
Oesophagostomum is a genus of free-living nematodes of the family Strongyloidae. These worms occur in Africa, Brazil, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The majority of human infection with Oesophagostomum is localized to northern Togo and Ghana. Because the eggs may be indistinguishable from those of the hookworms (which are widely distributed and can also rarely cause helminthomas), the species causing human helminthomas are rarely identified with accuracy. Oesophagostomum, especially O. bifurcum, are common parasites of livestock and animals like goats, pigs and non-human primates, although it seems that humans are increasingly becoming favorable hosts as well. The disease they cause, oesophagostomiasis, is known for the nodule formation it causes in the intestines of its infected hosts, which can lead to more serious problems such as dysentery. Although the routes of human infection have yet to be elucidated sufficiently, it is believed that transmission occurs through oral-fecal means, with infected humans unknowingly ingesting soil containing the infectious filariform larvae.Oesophagostomum infection is largely localized to northern Togo and Ghana in western Africa where it is a serious public health problem. Because it is so localized, research on intervention measures and the implementation of effective public health interventions have been lacking. In recent years, however, there have been advances in the diagnosis of Oesophagostomum infection with PCR assays and ultrasound and recent interventions involving mass treatment with albendazole shows promise for controlling and possibly eliminating Oesophagostomum infection in northern Togo and Ghana.