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Hiccup: An Extremely Rare Presentation of Thyrotoxicosis of Graves
Hiccup: An Extremely Rare Presentation of Thyrotoxicosis of Graves

... resulting in patient fatigue, incapacitation and the need for the affected individual to seek medical care in order to resolve the problem. The approach to the management of these patients consists of the identification and treatment of serious underlying causes of the episode as well as therapeutic ...
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - California Hepatitis C Task Force
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) - California Hepatitis C Task Force

... done with a specialist in chronic liver disease. The rate and level of chronic liver disease progression should be determined and the patient consulted as to the conditions and duration of the treatment so that a successful adherence to protocol may be followed. There are many factors to consider b ...
Ischemic bowel disease
Ischemic bowel disease

... Arterial sources occur more frequently than venous sources by a ratio of 9:1  Similarly, arterial occlusive disease occur more frequently than nonocclusive disease by a ratio of 9:1  Large or smaller segments of bowel may be involved, depending on the location of the occlusion  Regardless the mec ...
Myopathies: The Effects of IVIG Therapy
Myopathies: The Effects of IVIG Therapy

... the course of the disease development, muscle wasting or shortening (contracture) may develop. While there is no known cause, it is believed to be caused by an autoimmune response in which the body’s immune system turns against its own muscles and damages muscle tissue.3 Currently, investigators are ...
Genetic Disorders in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Oman
Genetic Disorders in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Oman

... cancerous conditions (breast cancer and prostate cancer), metabolic disorders (maple syrup urine disease, phenylketonuria, and propionic acidemia), and simple (cystic fibrosis) and complex (systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, and Noonan syndrome) gene defects. In spite of the high numbe ...
Diagnosis of mycobacterial infections based on acid
Diagnosis of mycobacterial infections based on acid

... challenges to the epidemiological analysis of NTM diseases and application of proper treatments, greatly due to their misdiagnosis. Differentiation between mycobacteria species is typically made in positive cultures based on phenotypic and biochemical traits. Currently, the diagnostic methods used a ...
How to translate new insights in MS into clinical practice ABSTRACT BOOK
How to translate new insights in MS into clinical practice ABSTRACT BOOK

... On behalf of the Serono Symposia International Foundation, it is our pleasure to welcome you to the 2013 annual continuing medical education (CME)-accredited meeting: ‘How to translate new insights in MS into clinical practice’. At this live educational conference, leading international experts will ...
Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary Medicine

... In general, military veterinarians all do similar public health work, regardless of branch. However, the Army Veterinary Corps also provides care for the military dogs, horses, and other animals in military service, as well as provides patient care to military- and civilianowned animals. ...
Apoplexy, CVA, TIA
Apoplexy, CVA, TIA

... • Aching and stiffness come on quickly in PMR but there are often no visible signs of swelling and inflammation on examination, making it difficult to diagnose. • Symptoms are worst at night and on rising in the morning. • Symptoms respond briskly to low doses of corticosteroids, but some symptoms m ...
Good health begins with a healthy mouth
Good health begins with a healthy mouth

... use of fluorides, and healthy lifestyle choices related to diet, nutrition, personal hygiene, and smoking and alcohol consumption. This integrated approach is a “‘best practice”’ model and reorients oral health care toward prevention, tackles common risk factors for NCDs and oral health and, facilit ...
A Contemporary Review on Pregnancy Associated Disorders
A Contemporary Review on Pregnancy Associated Disorders

... • Paracetamol should be tried as a first-line analgesic for headache. Codeine phosphate can be used mainly as an adjunct to paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Aspirin (300 mg), acetaminophen, and non-steroidal antiinflammatories. • NSAIDs in particular have been linked to fetotoxic effect ...
Here - MS Brain Health
Here - MS Brain Health

... to compensate for damage (Figure 2c). If all of its neurological reserve is used up, the brain can no longer recruit new areas and the symptoms of MS are more likely to progress (Figure 2d). Neurological reserve is a valuable resource that plays a large part in having a healthy brain that functions ...
Sarcoidosis Optic Neuropathy
Sarcoidosis Optic Neuropathy

... ocular signs, and skin lesions.5 Overall mortality is 5% due to complications such as pulmonary insufficiency and cardiac involvement.5,9 Mortality doubles to 10% in patients with neurosarcoidosis.6 There is controversy over the exact etiology of sarcoidosis. One theory suggests a genetic link.5,1 O ...
ICD-10 “New Normal” Overview
ICD-10 “New Normal” Overview

... type of diabetes mellitus, the body system affected, and the complications affecting that body system. Inadequately, out of control or poorly controlled is coded by type with hyperglycemia If the patient uses insulin for long term treatment assign code Z79.4 If the type of diabetes is not documented ...
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

... For many people, eating a proper diet lessens IBS symptoms. Before changing your diet, it is a good idea to keep a journal noting which foods seem to cause distress and discuss your findings with your doctor. You also may want to consult a registered dietitian, who can help you make changes in your ...
2009
2009

... frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Pick’s disease, HIV and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Some dementias or dementia-like symptoms, such as those caused by treatable conditions, are reversible, underscoring the need for early detection. Scientists do not yet fully unders ...
First Report of the New York State Coordinating Council for Services
First Report of the New York State Coordinating Council for Services

... frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Pick’s disease, HIV and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Some dementias or dementia-like symptoms, such as those caused by treatable conditions, are reversible, underscoring the need for early detection. Scientists do not yet fully unders ...
Socially Optimal Vaccination Policies
Socially Optimal Vaccination Policies

... -6fast in smaller cities, as it is easier to engulf a small city with disease in comparison to a large city. Therefore, the likelihood of an infected individual flying out of a small city is greater than the likelihood of an infected individual flying out of a large city. The authors also found tha ...
Diagnosis and management of early‐onset dementia
Diagnosis and management of early‐onset dementia

... with an excess mortality from cerebrovascular disease, at least in the elderly. Behavioural rather than pharmacotherapeutic approaches are therefore generally recommended. Both ChEIs and memantine may have a role in the treatment of BPSD.32,33 Another clinical management issue that may need to be ad ...
Stress and the gut - Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Stress and the gut - Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

... Stress, which is defined as an acute threat to homeostasis, shows both short- and long-term effects on the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Exposure to stress results in alterations of the brain-gut interactions ("brain-gut axis") ultimately leading to the development of a broad array of gas ...
LYME DISEASE AND OTHER TBD’S Designing Individualized Treatment Regimens Based On
LYME DISEASE AND OTHER TBD’S Designing Individualized Treatment Regimens Based On

... organisms simultaneously and penetrate intracellularly and into the CNS may be necessary to achieve significant clinical improvement. ...
Medical Management and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease at
Medical Management and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease at

... edema, uremic fetor (urine-like odor to breath), uremic frost on skin ...
Sample chapter
Sample chapter

... ciprofloxacin is not licensed for use in children or pregnant women, but may be indicated in life-threatening illness, and also that doxycycline is not recommended in childhood or pregnancy; however, its use would be considered in a serious infection such as anthrax. Where a diagnosis of infection b ...
CASE OF ADULT PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC MUSCULAR
CASE OF ADULT PSEUDOHYPERTROPHIC MUSCULAR

... The muscular dystrophies are a wide group of genetic and hereditary muscle diseases. These diseases are characterized mainly by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins and the death of muscle cells and tissue. In some forms of muscular dystrophy cardiac and smooth muscles ar ...
Nutritional Management of Liver Disease
Nutritional Management of Liver Disease

...  It contains protein, sodium and potassium ...
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Disease



A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a disorder of a structure or function, that affects part or all of an organism. The causal study of disease is called pathology. Disease is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by factors originally from an external source, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In humans, ""disease"" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections, isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases usually affect people not only physically, but also emotionally, as contracting and living with a disease can alter one's perspective on life, and one's personality.Death due to disease is called death by natural causes. There are four main types of disease: pathogenic disease, deficiency disease, hereditary disease, and physiological disease. Diseases can also be classified as communicable and non-communicable. The deadliest disease in humans is ischemic heart disease (blood flow obstruction), followed by cerebrovascular disease and lower respiratory infections respectively.
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