Quantum Thermodynamics - Open Research Exeter
... a few particles translate into a statistical theory from which new macroscopic quantum thermodynamic laws emerge. This challenge is addressed by the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics which has grown rapidly over the last decade. It is fuelled by recent equilibration experiments [1] in cold at ...
... a few particles translate into a statistical theory from which new macroscopic quantum thermodynamic laws emerge. This challenge is addressed by the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics which has grown rapidly over the last decade. It is fuelled by recent equilibration experiments [1] in cold at ...
referring
... quantum mechanics courses, in contrast, for example, to Einstein’s approach in the teaching of relativity. Indeed Heisenberg’s paper is widely regarded as being difficult to understand and of mainly historical interest today. For example, Weinberg7 has written that ‘‘If the reader is mystified at wh ...
... quantum mechanics courses, in contrast, for example, to Einstein’s approach in the teaching of relativity. Indeed Heisenberg’s paper is widely regarded as being difficult to understand and of mainly historical interest today. For example, Weinberg7 has written that ‘‘If the reader is mystified at wh ...
Apply encryption to network and system security
... This is a method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions between hosts. It is used for the encrypt web pages and data on web forms reroute. The encryption method uses public key encryption. It requires Digital ...
... This is a method of encrypting TCP/IP transmissions between hosts. It is used for the encrypt web pages and data on web forms reroute. The encryption method uses public key encryption. It requires Digital ...
Excitation Energy Dependence of Fluorescence Intermittency Nanocrystals in
... We report measurements of the excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence intermittency of single CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) using two different excitation energies. The lower excitation wavelength, 532 nm, corresponds to excitation 270 me V above the band gap. The higher energy, 40 ...
... We report measurements of the excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence intermittency of single CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) using two different excitation energies. The lower excitation wavelength, 532 nm, corresponds to excitation 270 me V above the band gap. The higher energy, 40 ...
The Threshold for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
... • Numerical simulation: Randomly choose errors on a computer, see how often they cause a problem. Tends to give high threshold value, but maybe this is an overestimate; only applies to simple error models. • Rigorous proof: Prove a certain circuit is faulttolerant for some error rate. Gives the lowe ...
... • Numerical simulation: Randomly choose errors on a computer, see how often they cause a problem. Tends to give high threshold value, but maybe this is an overestimate; only applies to simple error models. • Rigorous proof: Prove a certain circuit is faulttolerant for some error rate. Gives the lowe ...
at the STI Experts Meeting - The Information Philosopher
... Similarly, the Law of Large Numbers of statistical events ensures that, normally, microscopic quantum events average out for manyparticle systems to produce regular, though statistical, laws. The world thus shows us an "adequate determinism" for large objects that in no way denies the fundamental an ...
... Similarly, the Law of Large Numbers of statistical events ensures that, normally, microscopic quantum events average out for manyparticle systems to produce regular, though statistical, laws. The world thus shows us an "adequate determinism" for large objects that in no way denies the fundamental an ...
Edge states and integer quantum Hall effect in topological insulator
... Landau levels and edge states. In Figs 2 and 3, we present the LLs in a magnetic field μ0H normal to the thin film, the LL energies or edge states near one edge of the system, and the corresponding patterns of the quantum Hall conductance. In the absence of SIA, i.e., V = 0, four possible typical ...
... Landau levels and edge states. In Figs 2 and 3, we present the LLs in a magnetic field μ0H normal to the thin film, the LL energies or edge states near one edge of the system, and the corresponding patterns of the quantum Hall conductance. In the absence of SIA, i.e., V = 0, four possible typical ...
Quantum Computation with Molecular Nanomagnets
... molecular nanomagnets and different molecules have been designed and synthesized with inspiration to computing schemes. In this chapter, we firstly introduce some fundamentals and then we review achievements obtained so far. No ambition to be exhaustive since this new field is strongly interdiscipli ...
... molecular nanomagnets and different molecules have been designed and synthesized with inspiration to computing schemes. In this chapter, we firstly introduce some fundamentals and then we review achievements obtained so far. No ambition to be exhaustive since this new field is strongly interdiscipli ...
Quantum State Preparation via Asymptotic Completeness
... of two-level atoms with a single mode field sustained by a high quality resonator. In this scheme, field and atoms are entangled with each other, after the interaction. Subsequently, in order to project the field onto the desired pure state, a measurement has to be performed on the atoms. This proce ...
... of two-level atoms with a single mode field sustained by a high quality resonator. In this scheme, field and atoms are entangled with each other, after the interaction. Subsequently, in order to project the field onto the desired pure state, a measurement has to be performed on the atoms. This proce ...
Detailed program - Ricardo Mendes Ribeiro
... and postdoctoral fellows, taught undergraduate as well as graduate courses, and contributed to the physics department in many ways. Shi-Jian’s research areas were condensed matter theory and quantum information. I will not go into details on Shi-Jian’s contributions, other than to point out that thr ...
... and postdoctoral fellows, taught undergraduate as well as graduate courses, and contributed to the physics department in many ways. Shi-Jian’s research areas were condensed matter theory and quantum information. I will not go into details on Shi-Jian’s contributions, other than to point out that thr ...
Exponential Decay of Matrix $\Phi $
... between the Φ-Sobolev inequalities and an exponential decrease of the Φ-entropies. In this work, we develop a framework of Markov semigroups on matrix-valued functions and generalize the above equivalence to the exponential decay of matrix Φ-entropies. This result also specializes to spectral gap in ...
... between the Φ-Sobolev inequalities and an exponential decrease of the Φ-entropies. In this work, we develop a framework of Markov semigroups on matrix-valued functions and generalize the above equivalence to the exponential decay of matrix Φ-entropies. This result also specializes to spectral gap in ...
Subnormalized states and trace
... volume of the subset of separable states,8–13 the problem of finding the exact value of the ratio Vol共MNsep兲 / Vol共MN兲 remains open even in the simplest case of two qubits.14 In parallel with investigation of the set of quantum states, one studies the properties of the set of completely positive 共CP ...
... volume of the subset of separable states,8–13 the problem of finding the exact value of the ratio Vol共MNsep兲 / Vol共MN兲 remains open even in the simplest case of two qubits.14 In parallel with investigation of the set of quantum states, one studies the properties of the set of completely positive 共CP ...
An equation for the waves - University College London
... Applies to any simple harmonic oscillator, including – Molecular vibrations – Vibrations in a solid (hence phonons) – Electromagnetic field modes (hence photons), even though this field does not obey exactly the same Schrődinger equation ...
... Applies to any simple harmonic oscillator, including – Molecular vibrations – Vibrations in a solid (hence phonons) – Electromagnetic field modes (hence photons), even though this field does not obey exactly the same Schrődinger equation ...
Quantum computation with two-electron spins in
... level system that can be in a superposition of its two basis states. There are many different proposals for implementing qubits, but one of the most promising ones is to encode the qubit using electron spins trapped in semiconductor quantum dots. These systems, the confinement of the electrons in the ...
... level system that can be in a superposition of its two basis states. There are many different proposals for implementing qubits, but one of the most promising ones is to encode the qubit using electron spins trapped in semiconductor quantum dots. These systems, the confinement of the electrons in the ...
5, 4023 (2014)
... and d ¼ 0 has two degenerate local minima at quasi-momenta ±q, where q ¼ kR(1 (O/4ER)2)1/2. The spin polarization of these two states is finite and opposite to each other. An ensemble of non-interacting atoms occupies both states equally and thus has zero average spin polarization and quasi-momentu ...
... and d ¼ 0 has two degenerate local minima at quasi-momenta ±q, where q ¼ kR(1 (O/4ER)2)1/2. The spin polarization of these two states is finite and opposite to each other. An ensemble of non-interacting atoms occupies both states equally and thus has zero average spin polarization and quasi-momentu ...
How “Quantum” is the D-Wave Machine?
... also claimed based on extensive experiments that the D-Wave machine exhibits large-scale quantum behavior. While falling far short of the existence of a working quantum computer, this conclusion is nonetheless very exciting, since it suggests that it might be possible to create large-scale entangle ...
... also claimed based on extensive experiments that the D-Wave machine exhibits large-scale quantum behavior. While falling far short of the existence of a working quantum computer, this conclusion is nonetheless very exciting, since it suggests that it might be possible to create large-scale entangle ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.