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... 2. Self-consistent calculation of the charge density under a bias voltage by means of a NEGF, in order to include contributions of both scattering and bound states ...
... 2. Self-consistent calculation of the charge density under a bias voltage by means of a NEGF, in order to include contributions of both scattering and bound states ...
The Spin Quantum Number
... However, in some cases, there were still spectra lines that were clearly different colors but very close together. A fourth and final quantum number was added to the Bohr model to account for these light waves that differed by only a small amount of energy. ...
... However, in some cases, there were still spectra lines that were clearly different colors but very close together. A fourth and final quantum number was added to the Bohr model to account for these light waves that differed by only a small amount of energy. ...
A violation of the uncertainty principle implies a violation of the
... these uncertainty relation do have an immediate operational interpretation as the average success probability of retrieving individual bits from a bit string, where the average is taken over the choice of bit we want to retrieve. This means that the amount of uncertainty for all pairs of measurement ...
... these uncertainty relation do have an immediate operational interpretation as the average success probability of retrieving individual bits from a bit string, where the average is taken over the choice of bit we want to retrieve. This means that the amount of uncertainty for all pairs of measurement ...
Small-Depth Quantum Circuits
... more efficiently than classical ones. • Deutsch (1985) introduced quantum Turing machines, and found evidence that they can solve hard problems more efficiently than classical Turing machines. • Shor (1994) found an efficient quantum algorithm to factor a number. No known classical algorithm can do ...
... more efficiently than classical ones. • Deutsch (1985) introduced quantum Turing machines, and found evidence that they can solve hard problems more efficiently than classical Turing machines. • Shor (1994) found an efficient quantum algorithm to factor a number. No known classical algorithm can do ...
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... This is done by looking at the diffraction pattern of X-rays scattered off the material (see ch 27.4). Why are X-rays used for this and not for example visible light? a) the wavelength of X-rays is close to the spacing between atoms in a crystal b) since the frequency (and thus energy) of X-rays ...
... This is done by looking at the diffraction pattern of X-rays scattered off the material (see ch 27.4). Why are X-rays used for this and not for example visible light? a) the wavelength of X-rays is close to the spacing between atoms in a crystal b) since the frequency (and thus energy) of X-rays ...
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... uncover the physical limits to the communication process, with special emphasis on the bosonic communications channel [1]. Quantum systems can be correlated with each other in ways that classical systems cannot, a feature known as entanglement. This Letter investigates how the capacity of communicat ...
... uncover the physical limits to the communication process, with special emphasis on the bosonic communications channel [1]. Quantum systems can be correlated with each other in ways that classical systems cannot, a feature known as entanglement. This Letter investigates how the capacity of communicat ...
Controlled Hawking Process by Quantum Information
... In this presentation, we shed light on the problem by using a gedanken experiment of quantum energy teleportation (QET). The argument does not require un-established physics of quantum gravity. By using only semi-classical analysis, we can make significant statements about memory of black holes. In ...
... In this presentation, we shed light on the problem by using a gedanken experiment of quantum energy teleportation (QET). The argument does not require un-established physics of quantum gravity. By using only semi-classical analysis, we can make significant statements about memory of black holes. In ...
Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms: Read the
... Crucially, Clader et al. could not rule out the possibility that, once the problem of solving a linear system has been restricted in all these ways, there’s also a classical algorithm that provides the answer in nearly the same amount of time as HHL. The most they could say was that they couldn’t f ...
... Crucially, Clader et al. could not rule out the possibility that, once the problem of solving a linear system has been restricted in all these ways, there’s also a classical algorithm that provides the answer in nearly the same amount of time as HHL. The most they could say was that they couldn’t f ...
Fault-tolerant quantum computation
... A subsystem code is really the same thing as a standard quantum code, but where we don’t use some of the k qubits encoded in the code block. These unused qubits are called “gauge qubits” --- we don’t care about their quantum state and we don’t have to correct their errors. Choosing not to correct th ...
... A subsystem code is really the same thing as a standard quantum code, but where we don’t use some of the k qubits encoded in the code block. These unused qubits are called “gauge qubits” --- we don’t care about their quantum state and we don’t have to correct their errors. Choosing not to correct th ...
The Consistent Histories Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
... (MacKinnon 2007). This differs from the von Neumann approach in taking the distinctive results of quantum measurements as its point of departure for developing the formalism. Griffiths’s development also tailors the formalism of QM to fit experimental measurements situations. The Schrödinger equati ...
... (MacKinnon 2007). This differs from the von Neumann approach in taking the distinctive results of quantum measurements as its point of departure for developing the formalism. Griffiths’s development also tailors the formalism of QM to fit experimental measurements situations. The Schrödinger equati ...
Simulation of Quantum Gates on a Novel GPU Architecture
... and general purpose processing. In this scope, they operate as a coprocessor, or hardware accelerator, to the main CPU, or host. NVIDIAr has recently presented its Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDATM ), as a both hardware and software architecture for issuing and managing computations on the ...
... and general purpose processing. In this scope, they operate as a coprocessor, or hardware accelerator, to the main CPU, or host. NVIDIAr has recently presented its Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDATM ), as a both hardware and software architecture for issuing and managing computations on the ...
Why the Logical Disjunction in Quantum Logic is Not
... the same way the connected vessels containing 20 liters of water is different from the set of all separated vessels with water summming to 20 liters. This difference is identical to the well known difference between the electron as described by modern quantum mechanics, and the model that was propos ...
... the same way the connected vessels containing 20 liters of water is different from the set of all separated vessels with water summming to 20 liters. This difference is identical to the well known difference between the electron as described by modern quantum mechanics, and the model that was propos ...
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... The number of Schmidt coefficients of a pure bipartite entangled states cannot be increased by any LOCC. Measure of Entanglement:1. For pure bipartite state entanglement is measured by the Von Neumann entropy of any of it’s subsystems. This is the unique measure for all pure bipartite states. 2. For ...
... The number of Schmidt coefficients of a pure bipartite entangled states cannot be increased by any LOCC. Measure of Entanglement:1. For pure bipartite state entanglement is measured by the Von Neumann entropy of any of it’s subsystems. This is the unique measure for all pure bipartite states. 2. For ...
Quantum key distribution
Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the most well known example of the group of quantum cryptographic tasks.An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any indication of eavesdropping at any point in the communication process, or any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. In the case of QKD this comparison is based on the assumption of perfect single-photon sources and detectors, that cannot be easily implemented.