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Benefiting from FDI- LDCs` policy options
... Supporting this findings Rudraff et al (2009) argues export oriented subsidiaries grow faster, pay higher real wages, are larger in terms of total sales and are more dynamic technologically than market-seeking FDI. Some experts in the field of international business believe foreign direct investment ...
... Supporting this findings Rudraff et al (2009) argues export oriented subsidiaries grow faster, pay higher real wages, are larger in terms of total sales and are more dynamic technologically than market-seeking FDI. Some experts in the field of international business believe foreign direct investment ...
Money functions as:
... A) prime rate. B) discount rate. C) Federal funds rate. D) treasury bill rate. Answer: C If the monetary authorities want to reduce the monetary multiplier, they should: A) lower the legal reserve ratio. C) increase bank reserves. B) raise the required reserve ratio. D) lower interest rates. Answer: ...
... A) prime rate. B) discount rate. C) Federal funds rate. D) treasury bill rate. Answer: C If the monetary authorities want to reduce the monetary multiplier, they should: A) lower the legal reserve ratio. C) increase bank reserves. B) raise the required reserve ratio. D) lower interest rates. Answer: ...
Presentation by the Bosnian Delegation (Republica Srpska)
... 1,5% accrual rate between 20 and 40 years Maximum 75% with 40 years of contribution ...
... 1,5% accrual rate between 20 and 40 years Maximum 75% with 40 years of contribution ...
The Thatcher Experiment: The First Two Years
... continued at a rapid pace, with the basic weekly wage rate for manual workers increasing by 19.2 percent in the year to 1980:3, for example. The government renounced all recourse to incomes policies as a way of heading off the inflationary surge. Instead, in its second budget of March 1980 it chose ...
... continued at a rapid pace, with the basic weekly wage rate for manual workers increasing by 19.2 percent in the year to 1980:3, for example. The government renounced all recourse to incomes policies as a way of heading off the inflationary surge. Instead, in its second budget of March 1980 it chose ...
Business Cycle and Unemployment Policy
... With a fixed rule, a boost in the price of oil or the money wage rate results in unemployment. With a feedback rule, unemployment is temporary and the price level rises by more. The OPEC oil cartel (and possibly unionized workers) have a greater incentive to demand a higher price (money wage rate) u ...
... With a fixed rule, a boost in the price of oil or the money wage rate results in unemployment. With a feedback rule, unemployment is temporary and the price level rises by more. The OPEC oil cartel (and possibly unionized workers) have a greater incentive to demand a higher price (money wage rate) u ...
Assessing the Equilibrium Exchange Rate of the Cyprus Pound at
... broadly remaining within ±2,25% until the last day of the pound’s existence. There are a number of reasons why the fixed exchange rate policy framework described above was deemed appropriate. Cyprus is a serviceoriented small and open economy with a high degree of import dependence. Potential gains ...
... broadly remaining within ±2,25% until the last day of the pound’s existence. There are a number of reasons why the fixed exchange rate policy framework described above was deemed appropriate. Cyprus is a serviceoriented small and open economy with a high degree of import dependence. Potential gains ...
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... by Lopes et al. (2013). Within this modeling framework, we examine both spillovers from US monetary policy to global output and how the Fed reacts to external shocks. We address changes in spillovers over time to judge whether the transmission from and to the US has significantly changed in the last ...
... by Lopes et al. (2013). Within this modeling framework, we examine both spillovers from US monetary policy to global output and how the Fed reacts to external shocks. We address changes in spillovers over time to judge whether the transmission from and to the US has significantly changed in the last ...
ON THE NEED FOR REGULATING TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE Prabhat Patnaik
... I use the term "involuntary unemployment" here in a somewhat wider and more inclusive sense than Keynes did. I mean by it simply the existence in any period of an excess supply of labour at the prevailing real wage rate, and cover under it three possible cases, of which the Keynesian case happens to ...
... I use the term "involuntary unemployment" here in a somewhat wider and more inclusive sense than Keynes did. I mean by it simply the existence in any period of an excess supply of labour at the prevailing real wage rate, and cover under it three possible cases, of which the Keynesian case happens to ...
Monetary and Fiscal Policies in a Sudden Stop: Is tighter brigther
... order to restore credibility and avoid potentially unstable dynamics. Stanley Fischer (1998) has been one of the main exponents of this view in the context of the Asian 1997 crisis 2 : “In weighing this question, it is important to recall that when they approached the IMF, the reserves of Thailand a ...
... order to restore credibility and avoid potentially unstable dynamics. Stanley Fischer (1998) has been one of the main exponents of this view in the context of the Asian 1997 crisis 2 : “In weighing this question, it is important to recall that when they approached the IMF, the reserves of Thailand a ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Money in Historical Perspective
... inflation will be over the duration of their contracts. For example, suppose inflation is rising and workers’ expectations do not fully reflect the higher inflation rate. Faced with lower real wage rates, firms will be willing to expand employment, which will put upward pressure on nominal wages. Th ...
... inflation will be over the duration of their contracts. For example, suppose inflation is rising and workers’ expectations do not fully reflect the higher inflation rate. Faced with lower real wage rates, firms will be willing to expand employment, which will put upward pressure on nominal wages. Th ...
Post-Keynesian models of growth and distribution
... their money through salaries and wage bonuses. • The impact on the economy also depends on how overhead salaries are included into the pricing formula (here it has been assumed that firms follow a target-return pricing formula and hence add overhead costs under the assumption that the firm operates ...
... their money through salaries and wage bonuses. • The impact on the economy also depends on how overhead salaries are included into the pricing formula (here it has been assumed that firms follow a target-return pricing formula and hence add overhead costs under the assumption that the firm operates ...
File - Learn2Econs
... easing (QE). It involves substantial open market operations to boost liquidity in the financial system in order to stimulate the weak economy. However, some analysts opined that the most significant effect of Japan's quantitative easing is on its currency and not on the wider economy due to sluggish ...
... easing (QE). It involves substantial open market operations to boost liquidity in the financial system in order to stimulate the weak economy. However, some analysts opined that the most significant effect of Japan's quantitative easing is on its currency and not on the wider economy due to sluggish ...
A MONETARY POLICY RULE BASED ON FUZZY CONTROL IN AN
... been confirmed by many empirical evidences which have shown deviations of the actual monetary policy from those derived from Taylor rule and its variants as Orphanides (2001), Arlt and Mandel (2012) have pointed out. There is also another issue with the Taylor rule which has not often been mentioned ...
... been confirmed by many empirical evidences which have shown deviations of the actual monetary policy from those derived from Taylor rule and its variants as Orphanides (2001), Arlt and Mandel (2012) have pointed out. There is also another issue with the Taylor rule which has not often been mentioned ...
When the North Last Headed South
... of “unconventional” monetary policy and quantitative easing (as in Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). In the standard rendering, there were three acts to this episode of quantitative easing. In the first act, in 1932, U.S. policymakers extended their mistake of the prior three years of not addressing a cr ...
... of “unconventional” monetary policy and quantitative easing (as in Bernanke and Reinhart 2004). In the standard rendering, there were three acts to this episode of quantitative easing. In the first act, in 1932, U.S. policymakers extended their mistake of the prior three years of not addressing a cr ...
China`s Policy Responses to the Global Financial Crisis
... its indirect impact is included, it may have shaved more than 5 percentage points off China’s 2008 growth rate. ...
... its indirect impact is included, it may have shaved more than 5 percentage points off China’s 2008 growth rate. ...
Chapter 18 - The Citadel
... long-run effects on any nation’s economy. Most also agree that aggregate supply shocks contribute to business cycles. There is a general consensus that monetary and fiscal policy measures are effective in the short run. Slide 18-57 ...
... long-run effects on any nation’s economy. Most also agree that aggregate supply shocks contribute to business cycles. There is a general consensus that monetary and fiscal policy measures are effective in the short run. Slide 18-57 ...
Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)
... Federal Reserve System to hold reserves in the form of currency in their vaults or deposits with Federal Reserve System. The Discount Rate The discount rate is the interest rate the Federal Reserve charges banks if banks borrow reserves from the Federal Reserve itself. Banks may need to borrow rese ...
... Federal Reserve System to hold reserves in the form of currency in their vaults or deposits with Federal Reserve System. The Discount Rate The discount rate is the interest rate the Federal Reserve charges banks if banks borrow reserves from the Federal Reserve itself. Banks may need to borrow rese ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Peter N. Ireland Working Paper 16420
... The analysis suggests, in fact, that the 2007-09 recession has its origins in a combination of aggregate demand and supply disturbances that resembles quite closely the mix of shocks that set off the previous two downturns. The main difference is that for the more recent recession, the series of adv ...
... The analysis suggests, in fact, that the 2007-09 recession has its origins in a combination of aggregate demand and supply disturbances that resembles quite closely the mix of shocks that set off the previous two downturns. The main difference is that for the more recent recession, the series of adv ...
Lesson 5 - University of British Columbia
... Just as GDP measures the economy's total output of goods and services, the consumer price index (CPI) measures the cost of living over time. Chapter 6 of the text discusses the CPI, its construction, limitations, and uses. Chapter 12 analyzes inflation by applying the material presented in Chapter 6 ...
... Just as GDP measures the economy's total output of goods and services, the consumer price index (CPI) measures the cost of living over time. Chapter 6 of the text discusses the CPI, its construction, limitations, and uses. Chapter 12 analyzes inflation by applying the material presented in Chapter 6 ...
PROBLEM SET 3 14.02 Macroeconomics March 15, 2006 Due March 22, 2006
... at higher prices. Ans: False. The AS curve is upward sloping because higher output means a lower unemployment rate, which enhances workers’ bargaining power and results in a higher real wage for a given expected price level, and prices go up in response to an increase in wage. 4. The US unemployment ...
... at higher prices. Ans: False. The AS curve is upward sloping because higher output means a lower unemployment rate, which enhances workers’ bargaining power and results in a higher real wage for a given expected price level, and prices go up in response to an increase in wage. 4. The US unemployment ...
Ch. 12: U.S. Inflation, Unemployment and Business Cycles
... aggregate demand grows at a fluctuating rate, real GDP fluctuates around potential GDP. ...
... aggregate demand grows at a fluctuating rate, real GDP fluctuates around potential GDP. ...
Monetary Policy - Vincent Hogan's Blog | Vincent's Blog on
... Banks: Set rates to respond to – the gap between actual inflation and some target inflation rate – the gap between actual unemployment and the ...
... Banks: Set rates to respond to – the gap between actual inflation and some target inflation rate – the gap between actual unemployment and the ...
Debt-Creating Capital Flows and their Macroeconomic Implications
... Ukrainian companies and banks, including private ones, have started floating eurobonds and attracting foreign bank loans without government support. At the first stage of my empirical research I tested all the variables that may affect real GDP. Among these, investment in fixed capital as well as fo ...
... Ukrainian companies and banks, including private ones, have started floating eurobonds and attracting foreign bank loans without government support. At the first stage of my empirical research I tested all the variables that may affect real GDP. Among these, investment in fixed capital as well as fo ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Christina D. Romer David H. Romer
... American monetary policy in the 1950s has typically been either criticized or ignored. In the 1960s and 1970s, economists tended to portray monetary policy in the 1950s as inept and unsophisticated. Monetarists, such as Brunner and Meltzer (1964), argued that a mistaken focus on free reserves led th ...
... American monetary policy in the 1950s has typically been either criticized or ignored. In the 1960s and 1970s, economists tended to portray monetary policy in the 1950s as inept and unsophisticated. Monetarists, such as Brunner and Meltzer (1964), argued that a mistaken focus on free reserves led th ...