Lecture 4
... the last 40 years. Labor productivity has increased at about 1.3 percent per year when measured in real GDP per hour. But again there are two periods of productivity growth, reflecting the productivity slowdown of the last 20 years: 2 percent for the period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, compa ...
... the last 40 years. Labor productivity has increased at about 1.3 percent per year when measured in real GDP per hour. But again there are two periods of productivity growth, reflecting the productivity slowdown of the last 20 years: 2 percent for the period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, compa ...
Inflation - St. Paul's Secondary School, Greenhills.
... Yugoslavia – the true impact… • Between January 1, 1991 and April 1, 1998, the dinar was officially devalued 18 times (three of which exceeded 99%), and 22 zeros were lopped off that unit of account. • For a sense of the impact on the local population, imagine the value of your bank accounts in dol ...
... Yugoslavia – the true impact… • Between January 1, 1991 and April 1, 1998, the dinar was officially devalued 18 times (three of which exceeded 99%), and 22 zeros were lopped off that unit of account. • For a sense of the impact on the local population, imagine the value of your bank accounts in dol ...
FRBSF WEEKLY LETTER Is There a Cost to Having an Independent Central Bank?
... economic fluctuations. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, they find that the degree of central bank independence is not related to average real GOP growth or average unemployment, nor to measures of the volatility of economic growth or unemployment, nor to the average level of real interest rates. These ...
... economic fluctuations. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, they find that the degree of central bank independence is not related to average real GOP growth or average unemployment, nor to measures of the volatility of economic growth or unemployment, nor to the average level of real interest rates. These ...
FRBSF L CONOMIC
... occurred, we assume that it happened in June 2009, when real GDP is estimated to have reached its lowest value of this downturn. Figure 1 shows the Blue Chip Economic Indicators August 2009 consensus forecast. The forecast called for about 2.6% growth in the first two years of recovery, a projection ...
... occurred, we assume that it happened in June 2009, when real GDP is estimated to have reached its lowest value of this downturn. Figure 1 shows the Blue Chip Economic Indicators August 2009 consensus forecast. The forecast called for about 2.6% growth in the first two years of recovery, a projection ...
Slide 1
... pay on a loan or that you get paid at a bank. • Problem: You don’t eat money. What you care about is the buying power of your savings. If prices double from one year to the next, if nominal interest rates are less than 100%, you can buy less with your savings next year. • The real interest rate is ( ...
... pay on a loan or that you get paid at a bank. • Problem: You don’t eat money. What you care about is the buying power of your savings. If prices double from one year to the next, if nominal interest rates are less than 100%, you can buy less with your savings next year. • The real interest rate is ( ...
CPI and Inflation PPT
... • The Inflation Rate-% change in prices in 1 year • They also compare changes in prices to a given base year (usually 1982) • Prices of subsequent years are then expressed as a percentage of the base year • Examples: • 2005 inflation rate was 3.4% • U.S. prices have increase 98.3% since 1982 (base y ...
... • The Inflation Rate-% change in prices in 1 year • They also compare changes in prices to a given base year (usually 1982) • Prices of subsequent years are then expressed as a percentage of the base year • Examples: • 2005 inflation rate was 3.4% • U.S. prices have increase 98.3% since 1982 (base y ...
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION BA ECONOMICS IV SEMESTER CORE COURSE
... The objective of Monetary Policy is : (a) to print notes of desired denominations (c) to provide loan to government ...
... The objective of Monetary Policy is : (a) to print notes of desired denominations (c) to provide loan to government ...
In 2000 in the United Kingdom, the adult population was about 46
... a36. In recent years, inflation expectations have fallen. This has shifted the short-run Phillips curve a. left, meaning that at any given inflation rate unemployment will be lower in the short run than before. b. right, meaning that at any given inflation rate unemployment will be lower in the sho ...
... a36. In recent years, inflation expectations have fallen. This has shifted the short-run Phillips curve a. left, meaning that at any given inflation rate unemployment will be lower in the short run than before. b. right, meaning that at any given inflation rate unemployment will be lower in the sho ...
In 2000 in the United Kingdom, the adult population was about 46
... a. left, which would make the real exchange rate of the Kenyan schilling appreciate. b. left, which would make the real exchange rate of the Kenyan schilling depreciate. c. right, which would make the real exchange rate of the Kenyan schilling appreciate. d. right, which would make the real exchange ...
... a. left, which would make the real exchange rate of the Kenyan schilling appreciate. b. left, which would make the real exchange rate of the Kenyan schilling depreciate. c. right, which would make the real exchange rate of the Kenyan schilling appreciate. d. right, which would make the real exchange ...
ECON 2030 Second Hour Exam Any Semester Pentamber 32, 2001
... billion–with $800 billion in the form of currency and coin. Let’s assume that the required reserve ratio is still 0.20 and that banks are not holding any excess reserves. Soon after graduation, you take a job at the Federal Reserve and people lose their confidence in the banking system. They immedia ...
... billion–with $800 billion in the form of currency and coin. Let’s assume that the required reserve ratio is still 0.20 and that banks are not holding any excess reserves. Soon after graduation, you take a job at the Federal Reserve and people lose their confidence in the banking system. They immedia ...
Krugman_Dynamic PPTs_Ch21 Lecture
... Both inflation and deflation are problematic. Inflation discourages people from holding onto cash (because cash loses value if prices are rising). In extreme cases, people stop using cash altogether. Deflation can cause the reverse problem. Since cash gains value if the price level is falling, holdi ...
... Both inflation and deflation are problematic. Inflation discourages people from holding onto cash (because cash loses value if prices are rising). In extreme cases, people stop using cash altogether. Deflation can cause the reverse problem. Since cash gains value if the price level is falling, holdi ...
Some Possible Paper Topics
... Y = The change in the unemployment rate X2 = The growth rate of GDP Other interesting variables may include: unemployment insurance, government purchases, etc. ...
... Y = The change in the unemployment rate X2 = The growth rate of GDP Other interesting variables may include: unemployment insurance, government purchases, etc. ...
Chapter 1
... Economic stability A situation in which there is economic growth, rising national income, high unemployment, and steadiness in the general level of prices. ...
... Economic stability A situation in which there is economic growth, rising national income, high unemployment, and steadiness in the general level of prices. ...
AP Macroeconomics Unit 4 Review Session Money Market
... For each of the following situations, determine the appropriate central bank monetary policy. a. The central bank adopts an interest target of 5%. Currently the interest rate in the economy is at 8%. Central bank wants to decrease interest rates. It can accomplish this goal by engaging in open-marke ...
... For each of the following situations, determine the appropriate central bank monetary policy. a. The central bank adopts an interest target of 5%. Currently the interest rate in the economy is at 8%. Central bank wants to decrease interest rates. It can accomplish this goal by engaging in open-marke ...
Macroeconomics
... Nominal GDP and real GDP. Price indices and GDP deflator. Business cycle and economic growth. MACROECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM OF AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY Aggregate demand. Aggregate demand curve. Determinants of aggregate demand. Short-run and long-run aggregate supply. Short-ru ...
... Nominal GDP and real GDP. Price indices and GDP deflator. Business cycle and economic growth. MACROECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM OF AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY Aggregate demand. Aggregate demand curve. Determinants of aggregate demand. Short-run and long-run aggregate supply. Short-ru ...
Document
... in such a way as to bring about continued increases in aggregate demand is the money supply. • Money Supply is the only factor that can continually increase without causing a reduction in one of the four components of total expenditures: consumption, investment, government purchases, or net exports. ...
... in such a way as to bring about continued increases in aggregate demand is the money supply. • Money Supply is the only factor that can continually increase without causing a reduction in one of the four components of total expenditures: consumption, investment, government purchases, or net exports. ...
FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
... 7) Graph B: Assume there is a sudden rise in the taste for T-Shirts Assume there is a sudden rise in the technology of producing T-shirts a. Shift the appropriate curves & find the new market equilibrium and label it P2, Q2 & E2 b. What can you say about the new equilibrium Price: (higher, lower or ...
... 7) Graph B: Assume there is a sudden rise in the taste for T-Shirts Assume there is a sudden rise in the technology of producing T-shirts a. Shift the appropriate curves & find the new market equilibrium and label it P2, Q2 & E2 b. What can you say about the new equilibrium Price: (higher, lower or ...
The natural interest rate: concept, measurement and monetary
... In per cent; median and interquartile range (shaded area) of the real interest rate across 17 advanced economies, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United St ...
... In per cent; median and interquartile range (shaded area) of the real interest rate across 17 advanced economies, including Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United St ...
Eco120Int_Lecture9
... pay on a loan or that you get paid at a bank. • Problem: You don’t eat money. What you care about is the buying power of your savings. If prices double from one year to the next, if nominal interest rates are less than 100%, you can buy less with your savings next year. • The real interest rate is ( ...
... pay on a loan or that you get paid at a bank. • Problem: You don’t eat money. What you care about is the buying power of your savings. If prices double from one year to the next, if nominal interest rates are less than 100%, you can buy less with your savings next year. • The real interest rate is ( ...
Fourth Edition - Virginia Community College System
... Between 1960 and 1995, real GDP per capita in Singapore grew at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent. This very rapid growth rate results in the level of real GDP per capita doubling about every 11.3 years. In 1995, Alwyn Young of the London School of Economics published an article in which he argu ...
... Between 1960 and 1995, real GDP per capita in Singapore grew at an average annual rate of 6.2 percent. This very rapid growth rate results in the level of real GDP per capita doubling about every 11.3 years. In 1995, Alwyn Young of the London School of Economics published an article in which he argu ...
Business cycle investing
... averaging just 2.1% since the end of the previous recession in June 2009. This tepid pace of growth has occurred even with an ultraaccommodative monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Should growth continue beyond mid2019, the expansion phase of the current business cycle will become the longest on ...
... averaging just 2.1% since the end of the previous recession in June 2009. This tepid pace of growth has occurred even with an ultraaccommodative monetary policy by the Federal Reserve. Should growth continue beyond mid2019, the expansion phase of the current business cycle will become the longest on ...
Monetary Policy and Open
... The 3rd and last instrument the FED uses to impact monetary policy is the reserve requirement or reserve ratio (deposits x reserve ratio). This is the percent of deposits that banks must hold in reserve at the FED and cannot loan out. The FED sets the amount, the ratio, that banks must hold. If you ...
... The 3rd and last instrument the FED uses to impact monetary policy is the reserve requirement or reserve ratio (deposits x reserve ratio). This is the percent of deposits that banks must hold in reserve at the FED and cannot loan out. The FED sets the amount, the ratio, that banks must hold. If you ...
Early 1980s recession
The early 1980s recession describes the severe global economic recession affecting much of the developed world in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The United States and Japan exited the recession relatively early, but high unemployment would continue to affect other OECD nations through to at least 1985. Long-term effects of the recession contributed to the Latin American debt crisis, the savings and loans crisis in the United States, and a general adoption of neoliberal economic policies throughout the 1980s and 1990s.