Phases of the Business Cycle
... – Some are short (a few months) and some are long (over a year) ...
... – Some are short (a few months) and some are long (over a year) ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... National Bureau of Economic Research
... efficiency, created sufficient slack in the labor market to impede substantial wage increases, and thus reestablished stability in costs and prices. That these conditions were produced without causing a collapse in the state of confidence was an accomplishment of no small significance. The aggregate ...
... efficiency, created sufficient slack in the labor market to impede substantial wage increases, and thus reestablished stability in costs and prices. That these conditions were produced without causing a collapse in the state of confidence was an accomplishment of no small significance. The aggregate ...
Inflation and deflation
... household. Eg food has higher weighting than transport. Each month, the ONS observes prices of products in the basket in a range of UK shops. Survey results are fed into a computer that calculates an CPI value for that month. The initial value of the CPI in the base year is 100. A rise in from 110 t ...
... household. Eg food has higher weighting than transport. Each month, the ONS observes prices of products in the basket in a range of UK shops. Survey results are fed into a computer that calculates an CPI value for that month. The initial value of the CPI in the base year is 100. A rise in from 110 t ...
21.1 labor market indicators
... Part-time work is attractive to workers because they: • Balance family with work Part-time work is attractive to employers because: • Benefits are not paid to part-time workers • Less government regulation of part-time workers ...
... Part-time work is attractive to workers because they: • Balance family with work Part-time work is attractive to employers because: • Benefits are not paid to part-time workers • Less government regulation of part-time workers ...
here (Office document, 745kB)
... Interventionist and regulatory (with some Keynesian overtones): • nationalising banks/ regulating financial system (e.g. one-off levy on bank bonuses) • bringing forward capital investment projects • jobs initiative for young people (‘Future Jobs Fund’) • vehicle scrappage scheme • monetary policy - ...
... Interventionist and regulatory (with some Keynesian overtones): • nationalising banks/ regulating financial system (e.g. one-off levy on bank bonuses) • bringing forward capital investment projects • jobs initiative for young people (‘Future Jobs Fund’) • vehicle scrappage scheme • monetary policy - ...
Globalisation, import prices and inflation targeting
... • “the emergence of China, India, and the former communist-bloc countries implies that the greater part of the earth's population is now engaged, at least potentially, in the global economy. There are no historical antecedents for this development.” ...
... • “the emergence of China, India, and the former communist-bloc countries implies that the greater part of the earth's population is now engaged, at least potentially, in the global economy. There are no historical antecedents for this development.” ...
Ch 4:Determining Interest Rates
... • Some economists see the financial crisis as a black swan – a rare event that has a large impact on the economy – which might affect the conventional measure of risk. • A Wall Street Journal article “Preparing for the Next Black Swan” (August 21, 2010), points out that diversification may not work ...
... • Some economists see the financial crisis as a black swan – a rare event that has a large impact on the economy – which might affect the conventional measure of risk. • A Wall Street Journal article “Preparing for the Next Black Swan” (August 21, 2010), points out that diversification may not work ...
economic policy-making p edagogical features l earning objectives
... unemployment rate would be higher if it included "discouraged workers"—people who have become so frustrated that they have stopped actively seeking employment. On the other hand, if the unemployment rate included only those who were unemployed long enough to cause them severe hardship, it would be m ...
... unemployment rate would be higher if it included "discouraged workers"—people who have become so frustrated that they have stopped actively seeking employment. On the other hand, if the unemployment rate included only those who were unemployed long enough to cause them severe hardship, it would be m ...
e-Brief - CD Howe Institute
... banks, including the Bank of Canada, conducted policy simply by controlling the overnight interest rate at which banks borrow and lend high-powered money among themselves. Reducing this rate tended to increase inflation because it increased banks’ willingness to lend to the public, which they then s ...
... banks, including the Bank of Canada, conducted policy simply by controlling the overnight interest rate at which banks borrow and lend high-powered money among themselves. Reducing this rate tended to increase inflation because it increased banks’ willingness to lend to the public, which they then s ...
LECTURE 4. Monetary Policy
... reduction in the discount rate is an instrument of an expansionary monetary policy. The increase in the discount rate has an opposite effect. It raises the cost of banking and aims a reduction in money supply, an increase in the interest rates on loans and restricts economic activity. The manipulati ...
... reduction in the discount rate is an instrument of an expansionary monetary policy. The increase in the discount rate has an opposite effect. It raises the cost of banking and aims a reduction in money supply, an increase in the interest rates on loans and restricts economic activity. The manipulati ...
Kevin P. Hoover THE RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS REVOLUTION: AN ASSESSMENT
... using short-run economic forecasts and about the short-run effects ...
... using short-run economic forecasts and about the short-run effects ...
PDF
... into two broad camps: Classical and Keynesian. Although the lines of debate are inevitably obscured by opportunism and point scoring, the current election may be seen as a referendum on which of these approaches is best for Australia. The Classical view was first stated explicitly in the early 19th ...
... into two broad camps: Classical and Keynesian. Although the lines of debate are inevitably obscured by opportunism and point scoring, the current election may be seen as a referendum on which of these approaches is best for Australia. The Classical view was first stated explicitly in the early 19th ...
Kondratieff Wave Theory of Long Economic Cycles
... Following the steep secondary recession of the early 1980's the markets embarked into the Autumn Kwave plateau. We had stock market and real estate bubbles, a collapse in commodity prices, a collapse in interest rates and low inflation. But we also had a huge build up in debt that allowed us to buy ...
... Following the steep secondary recession of the early 1980's the markets embarked into the Autumn Kwave plateau. We had stock market and real estate bubbles, a collapse in commodity prices, a collapse in interest rates and low inflation. But we also had a huge build up in debt that allowed us to buy ...
View Tom`s presentation here
... Taxes will fall more than 0.6 bill this year + Unemployment payments will be higher than forecast. See income tax fall of 8% earlier. Current spending cuts all that’s left and spiral downwards will result. If economy was stimulated: govt tax receipts would rise and social welfare payments would fall ...
... Taxes will fall more than 0.6 bill this year + Unemployment payments will be higher than forecast. See income tax fall of 8% earlier. Current spending cuts all that’s left and spiral downwards will result. If economy was stimulated: govt tax receipts would rise and social welfare payments would fall ...
통화완화정책
... they need to set aside as insurance against losses on risky assets. These models mistakenly assume that the volatility of asset prices and the correlations between prices are constant. • When two types of asset were assumed to be uncorrelated, investors felt able to hold the same capital as a cushio ...
... they need to set aside as insurance against losses on risky assets. These models mistakenly assume that the volatility of asset prices and the correlations between prices are constant. • When two types of asset were assumed to be uncorrelated, investors felt able to hold the same capital as a cushio ...
Presentation to a Salt Lake City Community Leaders Luncheon
... particular area of the country and because their effects take time to be felt. Instead, it’s appropriate to use the tools of fiscal policy—especially government spending and transfers—to address the immediate crisis, and this process is, indeed, underway. When Hurricane Katrina hit at the end of Au ...
... particular area of the country and because their effects take time to be felt. Instead, it’s appropriate to use the tools of fiscal policy—especially government spending and transfers—to address the immediate crisis, and this process is, indeed, underway. When Hurricane Katrina hit at the end of Au ...
w S /w U
... • Some of the unemployed may not receive benefits: in 2005 in the EU 40 per cent of those unemployed 1-3 months did not receive any benefit (UI, UA or sickness benefits), 29 per cent of those unemployed for 4-6 months, and 42 per cent of those unemployed for 7-12 months. • Benefit conditions need to ...
... • Some of the unemployed may not receive benefits: in 2005 in the EU 40 per cent of those unemployed 1-3 months did not receive any benefit (UI, UA or sickness benefits), 29 per cent of those unemployed for 4-6 months, and 42 per cent of those unemployed for 7-12 months. • Benefit conditions need to ...
Fractional Reserve Banking
... a. Can shift AD with fiscal policy b. Tax cuts or increased government spending can increase AD and shift to the right c. Increase AD will increase GDP but will also increase price levels D. Limitations of Fiscal Policy a. Increasing government spending is not difficult, but decreasing government se ...
... a. Can shift AD with fiscal policy b. Tax cuts or increased government spending can increase AD and shift to the right c. Increase AD will increase GDP but will also increase price levels D. Limitations of Fiscal Policy a. Increasing government spending is not difficult, but decreasing government se ...
Early 1980s recession
The early 1980s recession describes the severe global economic recession affecting much of the developed world in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The United States and Japan exited the recession relatively early, but high unemployment would continue to affect other OECD nations through to at least 1985. Long-term effects of the recession contributed to the Latin American debt crisis, the savings and loans crisis in the United States, and a general adoption of neoliberal economic policies throughout the 1980s and 1990s.