Stock Markets Dynamics in Oil-Dependent Economies: Evidence from the GCC Countries:
... GCC countries.6 Furthermore, the data used in the above mentioned studies predate the end of 2001,7 which make them miss the rapid and important changes that took place in the GCC markets in the last few years. They also neglect to incorporate the influence of local factors such as money supply as a ...
... GCC countries.6 Furthermore, the data used in the above mentioned studies predate the end of 2001,7 which make them miss the rapid and important changes that took place in the GCC markets in the last few years. They also neglect to incorporate the influence of local factors such as money supply as a ...
BEING KEYNESIAN IN THE SHORT TERM AND CLASSICAL IN
... the profit rates among enterprises are uniform, prices are equal to prices of production, and the capacity utilization rates are “normal.” The short-term equilibrium is a standard multi-sectorial Keynesian-Kaleckian equilibrium: any prices, profit rates, and capacity utilization rates may prevail, a ...
... the profit rates among enterprises are uniform, prices are equal to prices of production, and the capacity utilization rates are “normal.” The short-term equilibrium is a standard multi-sectorial Keynesian-Kaleckian equilibrium: any prices, profit rates, and capacity utilization rates may prevail, a ...
A Primer on Economics: `X` Marks the Spot
... calculus are relevant. First it is assumed consumers and producers have perfect knowledge. This has profound implications for any knowledge-based economy which I will not explore at this time. Second, it is assumed human beings practice calculatory rationalism, i.e., they are constantly calculating ...
... calculus are relevant. First it is assumed consumers and producers have perfect knowledge. This has profound implications for any knowledge-based economy which I will not explore at this time. Second, it is assumed human beings practice calculatory rationalism, i.e., they are constantly calculating ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Exchange Rate Theory and Practice
... the increase in the average money wage rate for the whole economy reflects an average of the expected long-run rates of inflation prevailing in a number of past quarters. The behavior of the GDP deflator is assumed to follow the behavior of the average money wage rate. The important consequence of t ...
... the increase in the average money wage rate for the whole economy reflects an average of the expected long-run rates of inflation prevailing in a number of past quarters. The behavior of the GDP deflator is assumed to follow the behavior of the average money wage rate. The important consequence of t ...
A:#1.wpd
... b. the profit-maximizing amount of goods and services provided by firms at different prices. c. how investors feel about interest rates. d. none of the above. 2. At a price below an "equilibrium" price, the sorts of economic forces that you would expect tosee at work would lead you to expect to see: ...
... b. the profit-maximizing amount of goods and services provided by firms at different prices. c. how investors feel about interest rates. d. none of the above. 2. At a price below an "equilibrium" price, the sorts of economic forces that you would expect tosee at work would lead you to expect to see: ...
Textbook of Economics
... acquired knowledge. The examples and their variants can be used as test questions at final exams. One can ask why we have created this new book when many other books are available in the market. First, this book is shorter in comparison with other books used at universities. These days many students ...
... acquired knowledge. The examples and their variants can be used as test questions at final exams. One can ask why we have created this new book when many other books are available in the market. First, this book is shorter in comparison with other books used at universities. These days many students ...
Chap 23
... curve (SAS) is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP supplied and the price level in the short run when the money wage rate and other resource prices are constant and potential GDP does not change. Figure 7.2 shows a short-run aggregate supply curve. Along the SAS curve, a rise in the pr ...
... curve (SAS) is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP supplied and the price level in the short run when the money wage rate and other resource prices are constant and potential GDP does not change. Figure 7.2 shows a short-run aggregate supply curve. Along the SAS curve, a rise in the pr ...
fiscal policy in an expectations driven liquidity trap
... is a liquidity trap in which current output has to fall in order to equilibrate the savings market. A non-fundamental liquidity trap instead may occur when it is a shift an expectations that produces sufficient deflationary pressures to cause the ZLB to bind. A state of low confidence in which house ...
... is a liquidity trap in which current output has to fall in order to equilibrate the savings market. A non-fundamental liquidity trap instead may occur when it is a shift an expectations that produces sufficient deflationary pressures to cause the ZLB to bind. A state of low confidence in which house ...
Document
... The approach used by economists to adjust for improvements is to look at the market for computers and how it values computers with different characteristics in a given year. This approach, which treats goods as providing a collection of characteristics— here speed, memory, and so on—each with an ...
... The approach used by economists to adjust for improvements is to look at the market for computers and how it values computers with different characteristics in a given year. This approach, which treats goods as providing a collection of characteristics— here speed, memory, and so on—each with an ...
Exercises for Chapter 23
... $30,000. U.S. GDP and GNP are unaffected. b. U.S. government purchases increase by $30,000 and U.S. GNP increases by $30,000. U.S. GDP and net exports are unaffected. c. U.S. government purchases, net exports, GDP, and GNP are unaffected. d. U.S. government purchases increase by $30,000 and U.S. net ...
... $30,000. U.S. GDP and GNP are unaffected. b. U.S. government purchases increase by $30,000 and U.S. GNP increases by $30,000. U.S. GDP and net exports are unaffected. c. U.S. government purchases, net exports, GDP, and GNP are unaffected. d. U.S. government purchases increase by $30,000 and U.S. net ...
24 | The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
... produced less than its full potential, not because it was technically impossible to produce more with the existing workers and machines, but because a lack of demand in the economy as a whole led to inadequate incentives for firms to produce. In such cases, he argued, the level of GDP in the economy ...
... produced less than its full potential, not because it was technically impossible to produce more with the existing workers and machines, but because a lack of demand in the economy as a whole led to inadequate incentives for firms to produce. In such cases, he argued, the level of GDP in the economy ...
What Drives Inflation in a Small European Economy: The
... In order to examine the robustness of the model, alternative speci…cations were tested. Most notably, we checked the results against several alternative orderings of the benchmark model. Overall, the main message from the variance decomposition and historical decomposition exercises is that commodit ...
... In order to examine the robustness of the model, alternative speci…cations were tested. Most notably, we checked the results against several alternative orderings of the benchmark model. Overall, the main message from the variance decomposition and historical decomposition exercises is that commodit ...
Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates
... “expected euro return” schedule inward. Given the lower euro interest rate and the current exchange rate (E1), the expected return on dollar deposits is greater than that on euro deposits. The euro depreciates (to E2) as holders of euro deposits bid for dollar deposits. The foreign exchange market r ...
... “expected euro return” schedule inward. Given the lower euro interest rate and the current exchange rate (E1), the expected return on dollar deposits is greater than that on euro deposits. The euro depreciates (to E2) as holders of euro deposits bid for dollar deposits. The foreign exchange market r ...
Short answer questions arranged by topic - Business-TES
... [N03, 1] A government increases taxation on the sale of tobacco. Using a diagram, explain how this might affect consumers and producers of tobacco. [N03, 2] Using real world examples, illustrate the difference between producer sovereignty and consumer sovereignty. [N01, 2] “Normally, it would be exp ...
... [N03, 1] A government increases taxation on the sale of tobacco. Using a diagram, explain how this might affect consumers and producers of tobacco. [N03, 2] Using real world examples, illustrate the difference between producer sovereignty and consumer sovereignty. [N01, 2] “Normally, it would be exp ...
Inflation Dynamics During and After the Zero Lower Bound Introduction
... to average levels is even quicker and recovery of GDP takes about a year less than it actually did. The last panel shows that after 2009 consumption is substantially higher relative to the benchmark under both scenarios. Unfortunately, raising the inflation target is also associated with a cost that ...
... to average levels is even quicker and recovery of GDP takes about a year less than it actually did. The last panel shows that after 2009 consumption is substantially higher relative to the benchmark under both scenarios. Unfortunately, raising the inflation target is also associated with a cost that ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... nored, for two reasons. First, in Israel, no substantial devaluation has ever been performed over a short period through changes in the nonformal component of the rate. Thus, the examination of demand policy would be fruitful only for periods of formal devaluation. Second, the two later episodes of ...
... nored, for two reasons. First, in Israel, no substantial devaluation has ever been performed over a short period through changes in the nonformal component of the rate. Thus, the examination of demand policy would be fruitful only for periods of formal devaluation. Second, the two later episodes of ...
Becker`s (Note on) Restaurant (Pricing) Revisited:
... change in the number of buyers; no intra-marginal goods are sold. To understand the implications of this market structure, we follow (David) Friedman (1986, pp. 76-79) who notes that it is crucial to make a distinction between how much you want to buy at a certain price (as a traditional demand curv ...
... change in the number of buyers; no intra-marginal goods are sold. To understand the implications of this market structure, we follow (David) Friedman (1986, pp. 76-79) who notes that it is crucial to make a distinction between how much you want to buy at a certain price (as a traditional demand curv ...
October Michael THE IFLATIO NARY PROCESS IN ISRAEL:
... Taking as given successive governments' reluctance to force the inflation rate down through restrictive policy that might produce a major recession, there remain serious economic questions about the forces driving the inflationary process and the institutional adaptations that permit the economy to ...
... Taking as given successive governments' reluctance to force the inflation rate down through restrictive policy that might produce a major recession, there remain serious economic questions about the forces driving the inflationary process and the institutional adaptations that permit the economy to ...
J. 1050
... points above this locus representing excess supply of, and points below representing excess demand for labour, while the GMEL1 is a downward—sloping locus, points above it corresponding to excess demand ...
... points above this locus representing excess supply of, and points below representing excess demand for labour, while the GMEL1 is a downward—sloping locus, points above it corresponding to excess demand ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES ON THE IRRELEVANCE OF PUBLIC FINANCIAL POLICY
... This paper establishes conditions under which public financial policy has neither real nor inflationary effects; under which it has inflationary effects, but not real effects; and under which it has real effects. An increase in government debt (keeping real expenditures fixed), accompanied by a decr ...
... This paper establishes conditions under which public financial policy has neither real nor inflationary effects; under which it has inflationary effects, but not real effects; and under which it has real effects. An increase in government debt (keeping real expenditures fixed), accompanied by a decr ...
A Post–Keynesian Policy Model
... side by (1) endogenizing wages and prices in a framework similar to those in Naastepad (2006) and Rada and Taylor (2006), and (2) investigating model sensitivity to different parameter regimes using Monte Carlo analysis. The latter is aimed at the debate in Post–Keynesian research regarding the natur ...
... side by (1) endogenizing wages and prices in a framework similar to those in Naastepad (2006) and Rada and Taylor (2006), and (2) investigating model sensitivity to different parameter regimes using Monte Carlo analysis. The latter is aimed at the debate in Post–Keynesian research regarding the natur ...