Chapter 1 - Overview of Nicotine Withdrawal and Negative
... 2013). According to the latest report from Bloomberg Industries, the combined sales of electronic cigarettes have doubled every year for the past 5 years, generating over USD$1 billion in revenue in the United States in 2014. The sale of electronic cigarettes is predicted to pass that of traditional ...
... 2013). According to the latest report from Bloomberg Industries, the combined sales of electronic cigarettes have doubled every year for the past 5 years, generating over USD$1 billion in revenue in the United States in 2014. The sale of electronic cigarettes is predicted to pass that of traditional ...
chapter ii nicotine: pharmacokinetics, metabolism
... contains only (S)-nicotine (also called l-nicotine), which is the most pharmacologically active form. Tobacco smoke also contains the less potent (R)-nicotine (also called d-nicotine) in quantities up to 10 percent of the total nicotine present (Pool, Godin, Crooks 1985). Presumably some racemizatio ...
... contains only (S)-nicotine (also called l-nicotine), which is the most pharmacologically active form. Tobacco smoke also contains the less potent (R)-nicotine (also called d-nicotine) in quantities up to 10 percent of the total nicotine present (Pool, Godin, Crooks 1985). Presumably some racemizatio ...
neuroregulatory effects of nicotine
... al., in press). The reinforcing effects of nicotine and tobacco smoking appear to be mediated by C6 receptors in the CNS (Hanson et al., 1979; Tennant et al., 1984; Clarke et al., 1985). By way of explaining nicotine's biphasic effects (i.e., stimulation followed by inhibition of responding, particu ...
... al., in press). The reinforcing effects of nicotine and tobacco smoking appear to be mediated by C6 receptors in the CNS (Hanson et al., 1979; Tennant et al., 1984; Clarke et al., 1985). By way of explaining nicotine's biphasic effects (i.e., stimulation followed by inhibition of responding, particu ...
Physiological and psychological effects of cannabis
... that may relate to formulation of memory; response to pain and other strong stimuli; modification of movement, particularly relative to its modification of muscular tone; and regulation of appetite. Future cannabinoid therapeutics, following the western pharmacological model, probably will reply upo ...
... that may relate to formulation of memory; response to pain and other strong stimuli; modification of movement, particularly relative to its modification of muscular tone; and regulation of appetite. Future cannabinoid therapeutics, following the western pharmacological model, probably will reply upo ...
Curriculum Vitae - Pitt Psychology
... Behavioral Pharmacology, Drug Abuse, Behavioral Medicine Evaluating Potential Sex Differences in the Reinforcing Effects of Nicotine. Committee: Caggiula (Chair), Fowler, Perkins, Sayette, Sved Stress, Nicotine, and Smoking Behavior Committee: Caggiula (Chair), Fowler, Perkins, Sayette Self-Administ ...
... Behavioral Pharmacology, Drug Abuse, Behavioral Medicine Evaluating Potential Sex Differences in the Reinforcing Effects of Nicotine. Committee: Caggiula (Chair), Fowler, Perkins, Sayette, Sved Stress, Nicotine, and Smoking Behavior Committee: Caggiula (Chair), Fowler, Perkins, Sayette Self-Administ ...
Methamphetamine Contamination on Environmental Surfaces
... methamphetamine laboratories. A single cook using the red phosphorous method of manufacture may produce residual surface contamination of methamphetamine ranging from 1.5 ug/100 cm2 to as high as 860 ug/100 cm2. A single cook using the anhydrous ammonia method of production may result in surface are ...
... methamphetamine laboratories. A single cook using the red phosphorous method of manufacture may produce residual surface contamination of methamphetamine ranging from 1.5 ug/100 cm2 to as high as 860 ug/100 cm2. A single cook using the anhydrous ammonia method of production may result in surface are ...
Salvia Divinorum: Establish Restrictions But Don`t Criminalize It
... Most people who try Salvia once choose not to use it again. xix The psychoactive effects of Salvia are undesirable for most people. People who use the drug report an intensely bitter taste and inconsistent, often unpleasant psychoactive effects.xx Of a large college student sample, less than a quart ...
... Most people who try Salvia once choose not to use it again. xix The psychoactive effects of Salvia are undesirable for most people. People who use the drug report an intensely bitter taste and inconsistent, often unpleasant psychoactive effects.xx Of a large college student sample, less than a quart ...
R A EVIEW RTICLE
... understanding the risks of nicotine-mediated cardiovascular toxicity. Within the range of nicotine concentrations seen in smokers, the dose-response to heart rate acceleration and blood pressure elevation is flat, with maximal increases seen at plasma nicotine concentrations consistent with low leve ...
... understanding the risks of nicotine-mediated cardiovascular toxicity. Within the range of nicotine concentrations seen in smokers, the dose-response to heart rate acceleration and blood pressure elevation is flat, with maximal increases seen at plasma nicotine concentrations consistent with low leve ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: clinical and public policy
... in their lifetime will become addicted to tobacco (Scragg et al., 2008). These facts have tremendous public policy and public education impact. They also highlight the need to focus clinical and neurobiological research on these phenomena. Are these differences in individual vulnerability geneticall ...
... in their lifetime will become addicted to tobacco (Scragg et al., 2008). These facts have tremendous public policy and public education impact. They also highlight the need to focus clinical and neurobiological research on these phenomena. Are these differences in individual vulnerability geneticall ...
Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives
... suggests that individuals with high nicotine levels in their blood are more dependent. In animal studies using self-administration, an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve has generally been revealed suggesting that the addictiveness of nicotine is not directly linear with the dose. There is howeve ...
... suggests that individuals with high nicotine levels in their blood are more dependent. In animal studies using self-administration, an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve has generally been revealed suggesting that the addictiveness of nicotine is not directly linear with the dose. There is howeve ...
Marijuana - The Children`s Aid Society
... been increasing steadily over the past few decades. In 2009, THC con-‐ centrations in marijuana averaged close to 10 percent, compared to around 4 percent in the 1980s. For a new user, this may me ...
... been increasing steadily over the past few decades. In 2009, THC con-‐ centrations in marijuana averaged close to 10 percent, compared to around 4 percent in the 1980s. For a new user, this may me ...
UPDATE OF CANNABIS BACKGROUND PAPER
... Source: Response by the Minister of Police to Question for Written Reply no. 012012 for reply on 7 September 2001. Comparable data not available before 1994/95. “Miscellaneous” includes the same types of offences as “other” in Figure 2.2. This is a measure of apprehension events and enforcement effo ...
... Source: Response by the Minister of Police to Question for Written Reply no. 012012 for reply on 7 September 2001. Comparable data not available before 1994/95. “Miscellaneous” includes the same types of offences as “other” in Figure 2.2. This is a measure of apprehension events and enforcement effo ...
Powerpoint slides
... • People with coexisting mental health problems often report high rates of regular cannabis use • Detox / withdrawal management is sought mainly by men in their early 30’s: – who are using 30–50 cones per day – who want to regain motivation – whose relationships are at risk with continued use. Canna ...
... • People with coexisting mental health problems often report high rates of regular cannabis use • Detox / withdrawal management is sought mainly by men in their early 30’s: – who are using 30–50 cones per day – who want to regain motivation – whose relationships are at risk with continued use. Canna ...
Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives
... Many different methods are used in humans, but there is a lack of consistency between them. Human studies have limitations in design (e.g. the use of conditioned cues, and the need to work with smokers). Furthermore, ethical issues may arise when testing substances in humans. There is currently no a ...
... Many different methods are used in humans, but there is a lack of consistency between them. Human studies have limitations in design (e.g. the use of conditioned cues, and the need to work with smokers). Furthermore, ethical issues may arise when testing substances in humans. There is currently no a ...
Greater Sensitivity to Subjective Effects of Nicotine in Nonsmokers
... procedure (e.g., responding to the sensory effects of the placebo nasal spray procedure). Correlations were done separately for responses to 10 (J-gfltg and to 20 (ig/kg doses because of the possibility of nonlinear dose-response effects of nicotine on subjective responses in nonsmokers (Perkins et ...
... procedure (e.g., responding to the sensory effects of the placebo nasal spray procedure). Correlations were done separately for responses to 10 (J-gfltg and to 20 (ig/kg doses because of the possibility of nonlinear dose-response effects of nicotine on subjective responses in nonsmokers (Perkins et ...
Chapter 5.pmd - New Age International
... activity of human beings that simply occurs at will or pleasure of those who use it. It is a repetitive, stereotypic and compulsive behaviour characteristic of drug dependence. This seemingly irrational behaviour is strongly driven by the pharmacological actions of nicotine on the brain and that cig ...
... activity of human beings that simply occurs at will or pleasure of those who use it. It is a repetitive, stereotypic and compulsive behaviour characteristic of drug dependence. This seemingly irrational behaviour is strongly driven by the pharmacological actions of nicotine on the brain and that cig ...
Cannabis - Mister Gui
... Cannabis (also known as marijuana[1] or ganja[2] in its herbal form and hashish in its resinous form[3]) is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica (= C. indica Lam.). The herbal form of the drug consists of dried mature inflorescences and subtending leaves of pistillate ...
... Cannabis (also known as marijuana[1] or ganja[2] in its herbal form and hashish in its resinous form[3]) is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa L. subsp. indica (= C. indica Lam.). The herbal form of the drug consists of dried mature inflorescences and subtending leaves of pistillate ...
Annex 1 - The plant and the drug - United Nations Office on Drugs
... make a kind of cigarette (‘joint’) using specialty rolling paper or other material (such as scrap paper or the leaves of local plants). In Ireland, for example, 98 per cent of people who used cannabis (herbal or resin) in the last month said smoking joints was one of the ways they consumed cannabis, ...
... make a kind of cigarette (‘joint’) using specialty rolling paper or other material (such as scrap paper or the leaves of local plants). In Ireland, for example, 98 per cent of people who used cannabis (herbal or resin) in the last month said smoking joints was one of the ways they consumed cannabis, ...
Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Neuropsychopharmacology
... cigarette smoke to obtain an increase (which they called a boost) of about 10 ng/ml venous blood within a period of less than 10 min. The blood nicotine boost is defined as the trough concentration before to the peak concentration just after smoking a tobacco cigarette. The nicotine arterial/venous ...
... cigarette smoke to obtain an increase (which they called a boost) of about 10 ng/ml venous blood within a period of less than 10 min. The blood nicotine boost is defined as the trough concentration before to the peak concentration just after smoking a tobacco cigarette. The nicotine arterial/venous ...
DANGERS OF PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTITUTES FOR NICOTINE
... to double quit rates compared to placebo (again, self-reporting by the drug manufacturers and with no indication that the quit rates are any more then temporary after NRT). NRT can potentially reduce exposure to carbon monoxide, carcinogens, and the more than 4000 other compounds found in tobacco sm ...
... to double quit rates compared to placebo (again, self-reporting by the drug manufacturers and with no indication that the quit rates are any more then temporary after NRT). NRT can potentially reduce exposure to carbon monoxide, carcinogens, and the more than 4000 other compounds found in tobacco sm ...
Receptor in Baseline State
... • Symptoms of dependence occur after the first few cigarettes • Many novice smokers experience withdrawal symptoms while smoking only occasionally, although it may take days between cigarettes for symptoms to appear • Craving for a cigarette is the most common first symptom experienced by novice smo ...
... • Symptoms of dependence occur after the first few cigarettes • Many novice smokers experience withdrawal symptoms while smoking only occasionally, although it may take days between cigarettes for symptoms to appear • Craving for a cigarette is the most common first symptom experienced by novice smo ...
John R. Hughes, M.D. July, 2015
... Measures & Outcomes, 1995;; American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for Substance-Related Disorders, 1998, 2005;; Cigars: Health Effects & Trends, NCI Tobacco Control Monograph, #9, 1998;; Evidence-Based Approaches to Tobacco Product Regulation, N ...
... Measures & Outcomes, 1995;; American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for Substance-Related Disorders, 1998, 2005;; Cigars: Health Effects & Trends, NCI Tobacco Control Monograph, #9, 1998;; Evidence-Based Approaches to Tobacco Product Regulation, N ...
John R. Hughes, M.D. January, 2014 June 7, 1949
... psychology graduate students in alcohol and drug abuse, behavioral medicine and consultation-liaison and inpatient psychiatry services, 1985 - 1998 Invited lectures (~ 15/yr) on alcohol, caffeine, illicit drug, and nicotine dependence and tobacco use to allied health professionals, chemical dependen ...
... psychology graduate students in alcohol and drug abuse, behavioral medicine and consultation-liaison and inpatient psychiatry services, 1985 - 1998 Invited lectures (~ 15/yr) on alcohol, caffeine, illicit drug, and nicotine dependence and tobacco use to allied health professionals, chemical dependen ...
Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream. Most commonly the substance is the dried leaves of the tobacco plant which have been rolled into a small square of rice paper to create a small, round cylinder called a ""cigarette"". Smoking is primarily practiced as a route of administration for recreational drug use because the combustion of the dried plant leaves vaporizes and delivers active substances into the lungs where they are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and reach bodily tissue. In the case of cigarette smoking these substances are contained in a mixture of aerosol particles and gasses and include the pharmacologically active alkaloid nicotine; the vaporization creates heated aerosol and gas to form that allows inhalation and deep penetration into the lungs where absorption into the bloodstream of the active substances occurs. In some cultures, smoking is also carried out as a part of various rituals, where participants use it to help induce trance-like states that, they believe, can lead them to ""spiritual enlightenment"".Cigarettes are primarily industrially manufactured but also can be hand-rolled from loose tobacco and rolling paper. Other smoking implements include pipes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, vaporizers, and bongs. Smoking-related diseases have been shown to kill approximately half of long term smokers when compared to average mortality rates faced by non-smokers. A 2007 report states that, each year, about 4.9 million people worldwide die as a result of smoking.Smoking is one of the most common forms of recreational drug use. Tobacco smoking is the most popular form, being practiced by over one billion people globally, of whom the majority are in the developing world. Less common drugs for smoking include cannabis and opium. Some of the substances are classified as hard narcotics, like heroin, but the use of these is very limited as they are usually not commercially available.The history of smoking can be dated to as early as 5000 BC, and has been recorded in many different cultures across the world. Early smoking evolved in association with religious ceremonies; as offerings to deities, in cleansing rituals or to allow shamans and priests to alter their minds for purposes of divination or spiritual enlightenment. After the European exploration and conquest of the Americas, the practice of smoking tobacco quickly spread to the rest of the world. In regions like India and Sub-Saharan Africa, it merged with existing practices of smoking (mostly of cannabis). In Europe, it introduced a new type of social activity and a form of drug intake which previously had been unknown.Perception surrounding smoking has varied over time and from one place to another: holy and sinful, sophisticated and vulgar, a panacea and deadly health hazard. In the 20th century smoking came to be viewed in a decidedly negative light, especially in Western countries. This is due to smoking tobacco being among the leading causes of many diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks, COPD, erectile dysfunction, and birth defects. The health hazards of smoking have caused many countries to institute high taxes on tobacco products, run ads to discourage use, limit ads that promote use, and provide help with quitting for those who do smoke.