Climate Risk and Resilience Planning for Wastewater Infrastructure
... • Assess projected climate change for key climate variables (sea level rise, precipitation, wind, inundation due to surge) • Define critical wastewater assets and risk due to climate change • Define design criteria to minimize risk • Develop facility hardening plans and design guidelines for WASD de ...
... • Assess projected climate change for key climate variables (sea level rise, precipitation, wind, inundation due to surge) • Define critical wastewater assets and risk due to climate change • Define design criteria to minimize risk • Develop facility hardening plans and design guidelines for WASD de ...
Vulnerability of island countries in the South Pacific
... shoreline, it is easy to protect against the waves by constructing a simple structure in front of the village, because the waves will have already lost a large portion of their energy. Such 2-dimensional arrangements consisting of natural systems and artificial structures are much more efficient in ...
... shoreline, it is easy to protect against the waves by constructing a simple structure in front of the village, because the waves will have already lost a large portion of their energy. Such 2-dimensional arrangements consisting of natural systems and artificial structures are much more efficient in ...
sea-level rise
... height of summer. As this report went to publication, sea ice was at a record low, close to 3 million km² in the Arctic Sea (NSIDC, 2012). Much of the heat in the atmosphere is also absorbed by the oceans, which release it back into the atmosphere (Hansen et al., 2005). In the meantime, as the ocean ...
... height of summer. As this report went to publication, sea ice was at a record low, close to 3 million km² in the Arctic Sea (NSIDC, 2012). Much of the heat in the atmosphere is also absorbed by the oceans, which release it back into the atmosphere (Hansen et al., 2005). In the meantime, as the ocean ...
Human Induced Climate Change: The IPCC Fourth Assessment
... Many extreme weather events are predicted to increase in frequency and/or intensity with warming (see Table 2). In most subtropical and midlatitude regions, although precipitation is projected to decrease, the intensity of precipitation events is also projected to increase. Associated with this is a ...
... Many extreme weather events are predicted to increase in frequency and/or intensity with warming (see Table 2). In most subtropical and midlatitude regions, although precipitation is projected to decrease, the intensity of precipitation events is also projected to increase. Associated with this is a ...
The US Military on the Front Lines of Rising Seas
... The tides rise and fall twice daily along the East Coast and once daily along the Gulf Coast, inundating and then exposing an area known as the tidal zone. Twice a month (during new and full moons), Earth, sun, and moon align. The combined gravitational pull of the sun and moon during these times ex ...
... The tides rise and fall twice daily along the East Coast and once daily along the Gulf Coast, inundating and then exposing an area known as the tidal zone. Twice a month (during new and full moons), Earth, sun, and moon align. The combined gravitational pull of the sun and moon during these times ex ...
Chapter 2
... What ocean is this animal associated with? The Arctic Ocean What does it eat? Ringed seals How is this animal being impacted by global warming? It depends on sea ice to feed. It waits by breathing holes for seals to come up for air. The decline in sea ice in the arctic, associated with global warmi ...
... What ocean is this animal associated with? The Arctic Ocean What does it eat? Ringed seals How is this animal being impacted by global warming? It depends on sea ice to feed. It waits by breathing holes for seals to come up for air. The decline in sea ice in the arctic, associated with global warmi ...
Inability of stratospheric sulfate aerosol injections to preserve the
... Accepted 2 JUN 2015 Accepted article online 4 JUN 2015 ...
... Accepted 2 JUN 2015 Accepted article online 4 JUN 2015 ...
Tides, waves and climate change - North Norfolk District Council
... led to a tidal surge along the North Norfolk coast. In some areas, water levels were higher than the 1953 North Sea surge. In 2013, due to pre-planning and forewarning, there was no loss of life or injury as a result of the surge. The 45 mile coastline did, however, experience significant damage to s ...
... led to a tidal surge along the North Norfolk coast. In some areas, water levels were higher than the 1953 North Sea surge. In 2013, due to pre-planning and forewarning, there was no loss of life or injury as a result of the surge. The 45 mile coastline did, however, experience significant damage to s ...
Students investigate environmental changes and
... • Several countries have been harvesting krill since the mid 1960s. • Adélie penguins need dry, snow-free places to lay their eggs. They use the same nest sites each year and at about the same time every year. Heavy snowfalls during the nesting season can bury adult Adélies and kill their eggs. • ...
... • Several countries have been harvesting krill since the mid 1960s. • Adélie penguins need dry, snow-free places to lay their eggs. They use the same nest sites each year and at about the same time every year. Heavy snowfalls during the nesting season can bury adult Adélies and kill their eggs. • ...
Ocean Features Abyssal currents Abyssal plains
... oceanic ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center. The midocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean, making the mid-oceanic ridge system the longest mountain range in the world. The continuous m ...
... oceanic ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center. The midocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean, making the mid-oceanic ridge system the longest mountain range in the world. The continuous m ...
Historical sea level and accommodation zones along Baja California
... continental shelf in the sediment can be indicative of sustained periods of sea level. The step-like structure evident today were created during the Holocene and late Pleistocene, the two most recent geologic epochs. A similar study was conducted on San Nicolas Island, California where on-land marin ...
... continental shelf in the sediment can be indicative of sustained periods of sea level. The step-like structure evident today were created during the Holocene and late Pleistocene, the two most recent geologic epochs. A similar study was conducted on San Nicolas Island, California where on-land marin ...
08_chapter 1
... With respect to the late Holocene sea-level changes in the order of decades to a century, there are small to insignificant effects from glacial eustasy due to mass distribution. Similarly, the effects on the water column are seen only to be in the order of decimeters at the most (Nakiboglu and Lambe ...
... With respect to the late Holocene sea-level changes in the order of decades to a century, there are small to insignificant effects from glacial eustasy due to mass distribution. Similarly, the effects on the water column are seen only to be in the order of decimeters at the most (Nakiboglu and Lambe ...
Slide 1
... Smaller future meridional SST gradient Maximum equatorial warming is a robust response to greenhouse warming (e.g., Xie et al., 2010 J. Climate) ...
... Smaller future meridional SST gradient Maximum equatorial warming is a robust response to greenhouse warming (e.g., Xie et al., 2010 J. Climate) ...
Resolution – very draft
... growth rates in two subpopulations of polar bears were related to sea ice declines. It is projected that given the current conservative estimates of sea ice loss projected by the IPCC (2007), two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population will be lost by the middle of the 21st century. Loss of sea ...
... growth rates in two subpopulations of polar bears were related to sea ice declines. It is projected that given the current conservative estimates of sea ice loss projected by the IPCC (2007), two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population will be lost by the middle of the 21st century. Loss of sea ...
Cryosphere changes
... Notice from the colour difference how West Antarctica is being affected by more warming than East Antarctica. Much of East Antarctica has experienced little, if any, change. ...
... Notice from the colour difference how West Antarctica is being affected by more warming than East Antarctica. Much of East Antarctica has experienced little, if any, change. ...
Earth`s Frozen Water
... • Continental glaciers have pieces that break off and move off into the ocean as warm air and water weaken the ice. This breaking up process is called calving. • If a flat piece falls off and forms a broken sheet on the water, it’s called pack ice. • If a large chunk breaks off and floats off into t ...
... • Continental glaciers have pieces that break off and move off into the ocean as warm air and water weaken the ice. This breaking up process is called calving. • If a flat piece falls off and forms a broken sheet on the water, it’s called pack ice. • If a large chunk breaks off and floats off into t ...
Earth`s Frozen Water
... • Continental glaciers have pieces that break off and move off into the ocean as warm air and water weaken the ice. This breaking up process is called calving. • If a flat piece falls off and forms a broken sheet on the water, it’s called pack ice. • If a large chunk breaks off and floats off into t ...
... • Continental glaciers have pieces that break off and move off into the ocean as warm air and water weaken the ice. This breaking up process is called calving. • If a flat piece falls off and forms a broken sheet on the water, it’s called pack ice. • If a large chunk breaks off and floats off into t ...
Lecture 13.
... the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density. One interesting property of the continental and oceanic crust is that these tectonic plates have the ability to ...
... the state of gravitational equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density. One interesting property of the continental and oceanic crust is that these tectonic plates have the ability to ...
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Chapter 5
... Has last sea-level accelerated over the last decade? Issues: •Signal is increasing •Risk of more rapid Tide-gauges change, and poor models of ice sheets 3.1 mm yr-1 Last decade means rapid 1.8 mm yr-1 analysis •PMSL is slow in reporting tide data •Statistical methods aren’t good enough Steric Sea-l ...
... Has last sea-level accelerated over the last decade? Issues: •Signal is increasing •Risk of more rapid Tide-gauges change, and poor models of ice sheets 3.1 mm yr-1 Last decade means rapid 1.8 mm yr-1 analysis •PMSL is slow in reporting tide data •Statistical methods aren’t good enough Steric Sea-l ...
Team Earth Cycle B Ice Sheets B>E>H>A As air temperatures warm
... dioxide are warming the Earth’s atmosphere by preventing the release of heat. The heat is trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere by greenhouse gases creating a blanket around the Earth. There seems to be study after study showing that global temperature, more specifically the atmospheric temperature ...
... dioxide are warming the Earth’s atmosphere by preventing the release of heat. The heat is trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere by greenhouse gases creating a blanket around the Earth. There seems to be study after study showing that global temperature, more specifically the atmospheric temperature ...
Rahmstorf2012-ComparingClimateProjections-to-Obse+
... small projected rise is not an absence of acceleration. Rather, all these scenarios show an acceleration of sea-level rise in the 21st century, but from an initial value that is much lower than the observed recent rise. Figure 3 further shows that only the ‘high’ models represented in the range of A ...
... small projected rise is not an absence of acceleration. Rather, all these scenarios show an acceleration of sea-level rise in the 21st century, but from an initial value that is much lower than the observed recent rise. Figure 3 further shows that only the ‘high’ models represented in the range of A ...
Information Sheet D7
... Burren, and much of the Northern Hemisphere that was covered by ice during the last Ice Age (>12,000 years ago). Glaciers form when winter snowfall exceeds summer ice melt. This can happen within a fraction of a degree Celsius - and so glaciers are very sensitive indicators of changes in climate. Si ...
... Burren, and much of the Northern Hemisphere that was covered by ice during the last Ice Age (>12,000 years ago). Glaciers form when winter snowfall exceeds summer ice melt. This can happen within a fraction of a degree Celsius - and so glaciers are very sensitive indicators of changes in climate. Si ...
First comprehensive review of the state of Antarctica`s climate
... that surrounds Antarctica have increased by around 15%. The stronger winds have effectively isolated Antarctica from the warming elsewhere on the planet. As a result during the past 30 years there has been little change in surface temperature over much of the vast Antarctic continent, although West ...
... that surrounds Antarctica have increased by around 15%. The stronger winds have effectively isolated Antarctica from the warming elsewhere on the planet. As a result during the past 30 years there has been little change in surface temperature over much of the vast Antarctic continent, although West ...
Antarctic Temperature and Sea Ice Trends over the Last
... The authors conclude by saying, “Continental Antarctic cooling, especially the seasonality of cooling, poses challenges to models of climate and ecosystem change.” Turner, et al (2005) analyzed 19 long-term stations reporting temperature, sea level pressure, and wind speed over the Antarctic contine ...
... The authors conclude by saying, “Continental Antarctic cooling, especially the seasonality of cooling, poses challenges to models of climate and ecosystem change.” Turner, et al (2005) analyzed 19 long-term stations reporting temperature, sea level pressure, and wind speed over the Antarctic contine ...
MS TAIMUN I Chair Reports Committee: Environment Committee
... Rising sea levels cause many problems, especially for coastal cities as they are adjacent to bodies of oceans. Land will be much more prone to natural disasters, erosion, pollution, and flooding. Furthermore, the flooding itself contaminates fresh water, not only lowering the supply for consumption ...
... Rising sea levels cause many problems, especially for coastal cities as they are adjacent to bodies of oceans. Land will be much more prone to natural disasters, erosion, pollution, and flooding. Furthermore, the flooding itself contaminates fresh water, not only lowering the supply for consumption ...
Sea level rise
Sea level rise has been estimated to be on average between +2.6 mm and +2.9 mm per year ± 0.4 mm since 1993. Additionally, sea level rise has accelerated in recent years. For the period between 1870 and 2004, global average sea levels are estimated to have risen a total of 195 mm, and 1.7 mm ± 0.3 mm per year, with a significant acceleration of sea-level rise of 0.013 ± 0.006 mm per year per year. If this acceleration would stay constant, the 1990 to 2100 sea level rise would range from 280 to 340 mm. Another study calculated the period from 1950 to 2009, and measurements show an average annual rise in sea level of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm per year, with satellite data showing a rise of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per year from 1993 to 2009. Sea level rise is one of several lines of evidence that support the view that the global climate has recently warmed.In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that it is very likely human-induced (anthropogenic) warming contributed to the sea level rise observed in the latter half of the 20th century. The 2013 IPCC report (AR5) concluded, ""there is high confidence that the rate of sea level rise has increased during the last two centuries, and it is likely that GMSL (Global Mean Sea Level) has accelerated since the early 1900’s.Sea level rises can considerably influence human populations in coastal and island regions and natural environments like marine ecosystems. Sea level rise is expected to continue for centuries. Because of the slow inertia, long response time for parts of the climate system, it has been estimated that we are already committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 meters for each degree Celsius of temperature rise within the next 2,000 years. It has been suggested that besides CO2 emissions reductions, a short term action to reduce sea level rise is to cut emissions of heat trapping gases such as methane and particulates such as soot.