On the Potential for Abrupt Arctic Winter Sea Ice Loss
... show sufficient warming to produce Arctic winter sea ice loss due to their small climate sensitivity. In contrast, in three of the models only run to 2100 (GFDL CM3, MIROC-ESM, and MIROC-ESM-CHEM), winter sea ice loss occurs (Table 1). Because of the close similarity of the two versions of MIROC-ESM ...
... show sufficient warming to produce Arctic winter sea ice loss due to their small climate sensitivity. In contrast, in three of the models only run to 2100 (GFDL CM3, MIROC-ESM, and MIROC-ESM-CHEM), winter sea ice loss occurs (Table 1). Because of the close similarity of the two versions of MIROC-ESM ...
Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population
... of 81% by the year 2100. We find a 43% chance of an even greater decline, of 90% ...
... of 81% by the year 2100. We find a 43% chance of an even greater decline, of 90% ...
No Slide Title
... • Evidence for these climatic fluctuations – comes from changes in surface ocean temperature – recorded in the shells of planktonic foraminifera, – which after they die sink to the seafloor ...
... • Evidence for these climatic fluctuations – comes from changes in surface ocean temperature – recorded in the shells of planktonic foraminifera, – which after they die sink to the seafloor ...
On the influence of model physics on simulations
... ice simulations are sensitive to the representation of these physical processes. Bitz et al. (2001) focused on Arctic sea ice and noted that the inclusion of an ice thickness distribution (ITD) in their sea ice model led to thicker ice and higher variability of ice export at Fram Strait. Holland et ...
... ice simulations are sensitive to the representation of these physical processes. Bitz et al. (2001) focused on Arctic sea ice and noted that the inclusion of an ice thickness distribution (ITD) in their sea ice model led to thicker ice and higher variability of ice export at Fram Strait. Holland et ...
The first complete inventory of the local glaciers and ice caps on
... Abstract. Glacier inventories provide essential baseline information for the determination of water resources, glacierspecific changes in area and volume, climate change impacts as well as past, potential and future contribution of glaciers to sea-level rise. Although Greenland is heavily glacierise ...
... Abstract. Glacier inventories provide essential baseline information for the determination of water resources, glacierspecific changes in area and volume, climate change impacts as well as past, potential and future contribution of glaciers to sea-level rise. Although Greenland is heavily glacierise ...
Kiribati
... generally within any heights from less than a meter to four meters above the mean sea level. Eleven of these atolls are uninhabitable because of their small size and lack of ground water lens. The atolls spread over a total Exclusive Economic Zone of 3.5 million sq. km. It became independent in 1979 ...
... generally within any heights from less than a meter to four meters above the mean sea level. Eleven of these atolls are uninhabitable because of their small size and lack of ground water lens. The atolls spread over a total Exclusive Economic Zone of 3.5 million sq. km. It became independent in 1979 ...
A Three-Dimensional Model of the Lithosphere Dynamics
... despite the high pressures and temperatures at depths of 15–20 km. Two lower-velocity layers have been discovered at these depths and in the sedimentary cover at depths of 7 to 12 km. The origin of the upper layer is interesting from the standpoint of geodynamics because it includes mud volcano sour ...
... despite the high pressures and temperatures at depths of 15–20 km. Two lower-velocity layers have been discovered at these depths and in the sedimentary cover at depths of 7 to 12 km. The origin of the upper layer is interesting from the standpoint of geodynamics because it includes mud volcano sour ...
(1.5 MB pdf) - Torres Strait Regional Authority
... derived from LiDAR and aerial photography that enabled identification of community assets potentially exposed to coastal hazards. An asset replacement report (B&M 2014) was provided that collated estimated asset replacement costs at Wasaga for three future water level scenarios. ...
... derived from LiDAR and aerial photography that enabled identification of community assets potentially exposed to coastal hazards. An asset replacement report (B&M 2014) was provided that collated estimated asset replacement costs at Wasaga for three future water level scenarios. ...
The first complete inventory
... Abstract. Glacier inventories provide essential baseline information for the determination of water resources, glacierspecific changes in area and volume, climate change impacts as well as past, potential and future contribution of glaciers to sea-level rise. Although Greenland is heavily glacierise ...
... Abstract. Glacier inventories provide essential baseline information for the determination of water resources, glacierspecific changes in area and volume, climate change impacts as well as past, potential and future contribution of glaciers to sea-level rise. Although Greenland is heavily glacierise ...
Chapter 17 - Cenozoic - Quaternary
... Climate Change from Isotopes • The declining percentage of O16 – and consequent rise of O18 in seawater ...
... Climate Change from Isotopes • The declining percentage of O16 – and consequent rise of O18 in seawater ...
Paper title
... managed areas with respect to benthic habitats, and for defining biologically meaningful strata within which the results of impact assessments of the likely effect of fishing activities on VMEs can be summarized. Available evidence suggests that the spatial distributions of benthic communities in th ...
... managed areas with respect to benthic habitats, and for defining biologically meaningful strata within which the results of impact assessments of the likely effect of fishing activities on VMEs can be summarized. Available evidence suggests that the spatial distributions of benthic communities in th ...
Mantle Convection and Global Sea Level: Implications for the
... that T m was higher by ca. 200°C at 3 Ga than present based on the FeO and SiO2 contents of the initial magmas estimated from MORB-type volcanic rocks found in the Archean-early Proterozoic accretionary prisms. We assume that T m was higher by 200°C at 3 Ga than Tm* ( = 1280°C, McKenzie and Bickle, ...
... that T m was higher by ca. 200°C at 3 Ga than present based on the FeO and SiO2 contents of the initial magmas estimated from MORB-type volcanic rocks found in the Archean-early Proterozoic accretionary prisms. We assume that T m was higher by 200°C at 3 Ga than Tm* ( = 1280°C, McKenzie and Bickle, ...
chapter_17. ppt - Louisiana State University
... – recorded in the shells of planktonic foraminifera, – which sink to the seafloor after they die ...
... – recorded in the shells of planktonic foraminifera, – which sink to the seafloor after they die ...
review article Global warming and the stability of the West Antarctic
... January, or −5 8C mean annual isotherm) may be generally vulnerable to the rapid disintegration observed for the northern Larsen and Wordie ice shelves59,60,62. The relevance of such temperature thresholds to the much larger WAIS ice shelves is a key issue. The annual mean temperature on the ice she ...
... January, or −5 8C mean annual isotherm) may be generally vulnerable to the rapid disintegration observed for the northern Larsen and Wordie ice shelves59,60,62. The relevance of such temperature thresholds to the much larger WAIS ice shelves is a key issue. The annual mean temperature on the ice she ...
Military Expert Panel Report Sea Level Rise
... of that climate, and the stability of those coastlines from which the military launches its operations, is set to change dramatically due to sea level rise and storm surge. For example, major transportation, command and control, intelligence, and deployment hubs may face unrelenting erratic outages, ...
... of that climate, and the stability of those coastlines from which the military launches its operations, is set to change dramatically due to sea level rise and storm surge. For example, major transportation, command and control, intelligence, and deployment hubs may face unrelenting erratic outages, ...
The annual cycle of surface CO2 and O2 in the Ross Sea
... The annual cycle of NO3 + NO2 + NH4, CO2 and O2 in the surface waters of the southwestern Ross Sea along 76.5oS is presented in this study. From the surface data and sea ice concentrations annual sea-air fluxes of CO2 (-1.5±1.5 mol C m-2) and O2 (-3.7±3.0 mol C m-2) are calculated and confirmed by a ...
... The annual cycle of NO3 + NO2 + NH4, CO2 and O2 in the surface waters of the southwestern Ross Sea along 76.5oS is presented in this study. From the surface data and sea ice concentrations annual sea-air fluxes of CO2 (-1.5±1.5 mol C m-2) and O2 (-3.7±3.0 mol C m-2) are calculated and confirmed by a ...
Florida on the Coast of Climate Change: Responding to
... contribute to warming and sea level rise for more than a millennium," even if GHG emissions levels were immediately stabilized.' 7 Thermal expansion alone will continue for many centuries and could result in a two-and-a-half-foot increase in sea level by 2300.18 In addition, "[w]arming tends to redu ...
... contribute to warming and sea level rise for more than a millennium," even if GHG emissions levels were immediately stabilized.' 7 Thermal expansion alone will continue for many centuries and could result in a two-and-a-half-foot increase in sea level by 2300.18 In addition, "[w]arming tends to redu ...
Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population
... Sea ice conditions in the Antarctic affect the life cycle of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). We present a population projection for the emperor penguin population of Terre Adélie, Antarctica, by linking demographic models (stage-structured, seasonal, nonlinear, two-sex matrix population ...
... Sea ice conditions in the Antarctic affect the life cycle of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). We present a population projection for the emperor penguin population of Terre Adélie, Antarctica, by linking demographic models (stage-structured, seasonal, nonlinear, two-sex matrix population ...
Chapter 9: Extreme Sea Level Projections
... areas at elevations less than 2 m (Wong, 1992), Singapore is particularly vulnerable to changes in extreme sea levels. Changes in extreme sea levels arise through some combination of: (i) changes in timemean regional sea level; (ii) changes driven by regional processes that control the most extreme ...
... areas at elevations less than 2 m (Wong, 1992), Singapore is particularly vulnerable to changes in extreme sea levels. Changes in extreme sea levels arise through some combination of: (i) changes in timemean regional sea level; (ii) changes driven by regional processes that control the most extreme ...
Full-Text PDF
... Abstract: We model numerically regions of the Canadian continental shelves during successive glacio-eustatic cycles to illustrate past, current and future marine gas hydrate (GH) stability and instability. These models indicated that the marine GH resource has dynamic features and the formation age ...
... Abstract: We model numerically regions of the Canadian continental shelves during successive glacio-eustatic cycles to illustrate past, current and future marine gas hydrate (GH) stability and instability. These models indicated that the marine GH resource has dynamic features and the formation age ...
GSA-Charlotte 2012
... Their calculations suggested that the crustal extension and creation of young ocean basins associated with supercontinent breakup would first cause sea level to rise, only to fall as the the new oceans aged. During supercontinent assembly, on the other hand, subduction of old ocean floor coupled wit ...
... Their calculations suggested that the crustal extension and creation of young ocean basins associated with supercontinent breakup would first cause sea level to rise, only to fall as the the new oceans aged. During supercontinent assembly, on the other hand, subduction of old ocean floor coupled wit ...
Vanishing Polar Ice Sheets
... in the last 24 m.y. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm in the pre-industrial times to 390 ppm in early 2010. Earth’s atmosphere last had such concentrations ~3 million years ago when geochemical measurements indicate global surface temperature was ~3◦ C warmer than today, and g ...
... in the last 24 m.y. Atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm in the pre-industrial times to 390 ppm in early 2010. Earth’s atmosphere last had such concentrations ~3 million years ago when geochemical measurements indicate global surface temperature was ~3◦ C warmer than today, and g ...
Assessment of Potential Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Zone
... Coasts in many countries currently face ever increasing problems as a consequence of the gradual rise of the sea level over the last century. An estimated 46 million people currently are at risk of flooding from storm surges. The presently ongoing climate change will affect coastal systems through s ...
... Coasts in many countries currently face ever increasing problems as a consequence of the gradual rise of the sea level over the last century. An estimated 46 million people currently are at risk of flooding from storm surges. The presently ongoing climate change will affect coastal systems through s ...
The Future Sea-Level Contribution from Antarctica
... especially near the ice-sheet margins. Surface melting, on the other hand, is projected to remain small for the near future (Huybrechts et al. , 2011; Vizcaino et al. , 2010), so that the overall surface mass balance within the 21st century is likely to be positive. The key to explaining the recentl ...
... especially near the ice-sheet margins. Surface melting, on the other hand, is projected to remain small for the near future (Huybrechts et al. , 2011; Vizcaino et al. , 2010), so that the overall surface mass balance within the 21st century is likely to be positive. The key to explaining the recentl ...
Constructing Sea-Level Scenarios for Impact and Adaptation
... Figure 2: Summary of a methodology commonly applied for developing sea-level scenarios for impact assessment and adaptation planning. MSL – mean sea level; ESL – extreme sea level. ........................ 5 Figure 3: The estimated budget of the components of global mean sea level change (A), their ...
... Figure 2: Summary of a methodology commonly applied for developing sea-level scenarios for impact assessment and adaptation planning. MSL – mean sea level; ESL – extreme sea level. ........................ 5 Figure 3: The estimated budget of the components of global mean sea level change (A), their ...
Sea level rise
Sea level rise has been estimated to be on average between +2.6 mm and +2.9 mm per year ± 0.4 mm since 1993. Additionally, sea level rise has accelerated in recent years. For the period between 1870 and 2004, global average sea levels are estimated to have risen a total of 195 mm, and 1.7 mm ± 0.3 mm per year, with a significant acceleration of sea-level rise of 0.013 ± 0.006 mm per year per year. If this acceleration would stay constant, the 1990 to 2100 sea level rise would range from 280 to 340 mm. Another study calculated the period from 1950 to 2009, and measurements show an average annual rise in sea level of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm per year, with satellite data showing a rise of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per year from 1993 to 2009. Sea level rise is one of several lines of evidence that support the view that the global climate has recently warmed.In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that it is very likely human-induced (anthropogenic) warming contributed to the sea level rise observed in the latter half of the 20th century. The 2013 IPCC report (AR5) concluded, ""there is high confidence that the rate of sea level rise has increased during the last two centuries, and it is likely that GMSL (Global Mean Sea Level) has accelerated since the early 1900’s.Sea level rises can considerably influence human populations in coastal and island regions and natural environments like marine ecosystems. Sea level rise is expected to continue for centuries. Because of the slow inertia, long response time for parts of the climate system, it has been estimated that we are already committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 meters for each degree Celsius of temperature rise within the next 2,000 years. It has been suggested that besides CO2 emissions reductions, a short term action to reduce sea level rise is to cut emissions of heat trapping gases such as methane and particulates such as soot.