Quantum Interference of Unpolarized Single Photons
... “Whether you can observe a thing or not depends on the theory which you use. It is the theory which decides what can be observed.” This objection of Albert Einstein during a lecture given by Heisenberg in 1926 [1] expressed his disbelief in quantum mechanics as it was evolving at that time. The Cope ...
... “Whether you can observe a thing or not depends on the theory which you use. It is the theory which decides what can be observed.” This objection of Albert Einstein during a lecture given by Heisenberg in 1926 [1] expressed his disbelief in quantum mechanics as it was evolving at that time. The Cope ...
UNITEL_9 - StealthSkater
... A naked singularity is a theoretical mathematical object similar to the point-like region found within the core of a black hole where infinite space-time curvature occurs. However unlike a black holes singularity a naked singularity can be viewed by observers who are not trapped by a relativistic ho ...
... A naked singularity is a theoretical mathematical object similar to the point-like region found within the core of a black hole where infinite space-time curvature occurs. However unlike a black holes singularity a naked singularity can be viewed by observers who are not trapped by a relativistic ho ...
L. Bell*, et. al., "THz emission by Quantum Beating in a Modulation
... = ! -4 "1/4u0e−u0, where u0 = 2eE / )hm$20, $0 is the classical frequency of the oscillator and we have taken mh = me for simplicity. For weak fields the oscillating dipole moment is thus proportional to electric field. A numerical simulation of our quantum well yields z31 / z21 * 0.5E / !1 kV/ cm". ...
... = ! -4 "1/4u0e−u0, where u0 = 2eE / )hm$20, $0 is the classical frequency of the oscillator and we have taken mh = me for simplicity. For weak fields the oscillating dipole moment is thus proportional to electric field. A numerical simulation of our quantum well yields z31 / z21 * 0.5E / !1 kV/ cm". ...
Reply to seven commentaries on “Consciousness in the universe: ScienceDirect
... gravity” in the normal sense of that term, where the rules of quantum (field) theory would be imposed upon classical gravitational theory. In DP (Diosi–Penrose objective reduction), we consider the opposite effect, where principles underlying Einstein’s gravitational theory (general relativity) have ...
... gravity” in the normal sense of that term, where the rules of quantum (field) theory would be imposed upon classical gravitational theory. In DP (Diosi–Penrose objective reduction), we consider the opposite effect, where principles underlying Einstein’s gravitational theory (general relativity) have ...
Atomic wave packet dynamics in finite time
... mirrors between which the atoms may be multiply reflected. For simplicity, we will consider here only the case of a wave packet which experiences at most one pair of band gaps, but the present argument may be straightforwardly generalized to more complex situations. If the point z = 0 belongs to an ...
... mirrors between which the atoms may be multiply reflected. For simplicity, we will consider here only the case of a wave packet which experiences at most one pair of band gaps, but the present argument may be straightforwardly generalized to more complex situations. If the point z = 0 belongs to an ...
Quantum cryptography
... • Quantum cryptography is really a method to reliably send a quantum key that is subsequently used with the “one time pad” Vernam cipher • Many “protocols” have been developed for QKD each of which use nonorthogonal basis sets – E.g. BB84 which uses (H,V) and (+45,-45) polarization states of light – ...
... • Quantum cryptography is really a method to reliably send a quantum key that is subsequently used with the “one time pad” Vernam cipher • Many “protocols” have been developed for QKD each of which use nonorthogonal basis sets – E.g. BB84 which uses (H,V) and (+45,-45) polarization states of light – ...
Non Ideal Measurements by David Albert (Philosophy, Columbia) and Barry Loewer
... the Hamiltonian evolves into, a state in which A* is well defined. We mentioned this in Albert and Loewer (1991) and owe the point to Yakir Aharonhov. 6. In (1990) and (1991) we showed how the many_minds interpretation and GRW handle inaccurate measurements (viz. interactions that conform to (2). Th ...
... the Hamiltonian evolves into, a state in which A* is well defined. We mentioned this in Albert and Loewer (1991) and owe the point to Yakir Aharonhov. 6. In (1990) and (1991) we showed how the many_minds interpretation and GRW handle inaccurate measurements (viz. interactions that conform to (2). Th ...
3. Some one-dimensional potentials
... independent energy eigenfunctions for each energy, as is the case for a free particle. These wave functions describe unbound states, which are not square integrable. For E < V0 one finds that the energy is quantized, with one energy eigenfunction for each of the discrete energy levels. These levels ...
... independent energy eigenfunctions for each energy, as is the case for a free particle. These wave functions describe unbound states, which are not square integrable. For E < V0 one finds that the energy is quantized, with one energy eigenfunction for each of the discrete energy levels. These levels ...
The Majorana bases structure and an electrically neutral spin 1/2
... of a curved space-time. In any one of Majorana bases the Dirac generally covariant equation reduces to a pair of separate equations for a real and complex parts of the 4-spinor wave function Ψ = ϕ+ + iϕ− . The lorentz matrices in bispinor space, being specified in any Majorana basis, turn to be real ...
... of a curved space-time. In any one of Majorana bases the Dirac generally covariant equation reduces to a pair of separate equations for a real and complex parts of the 4-spinor wave function Ψ = ϕ+ + iϕ− . The lorentz matrices in bispinor space, being specified in any Majorana basis, turn to be real ...
The classical and quantum mechanics of a particle on a knot.
... that, in the present one-dimensional problem, the role of g is played by [f (φ)]−1 . A straightforward calculation for the Laplace–Beltrami operator using this metric yields the first two terms of the Hamiltonian in (22), but not the third term. This term has its origin in the choice of Weyl orderin ...
... that, in the present one-dimensional problem, the role of g is played by [f (φ)]−1 . A straightforward calculation for the Laplace–Beltrami operator using this metric yields the first two terms of the Hamiltonian in (22), but not the third term. This term has its origin in the choice of Weyl orderin ...
The Many- Worlds Interpreta tion of Quantum Mechanics
... mutually unobservable but equally real worlds, in each of which every good measurement has yielded a definite result and in most of which the familiar statistical ...
... mutually unobservable but equally real worlds, in each of which every good measurement has yielded a definite result and in most of which the familiar statistical ...
by Dr. Matti Pitkänen
... happens automatically. I don't have to think when I'm speaking, reaching for the next word. It just happens. And the same is true about physical skills like riding a bicycle, swimming, or skiing if you can ski -- these kinds of things. "So I think the more often these things happen, the easier they ...
... happens automatically. I don't have to think when I'm speaking, reaching for the next word. It just happens. And the same is true about physical skills like riding a bicycle, swimming, or skiing if you can ski -- these kinds of things. "So I think the more often these things happen, the easier they ...
Plane wave propagation in lossy medium
... attenuation due to good (but not perfect) conductors. A good conductor is a special case of the preceding analysis, where the conductive current is much greater than the displacement current, which means that σ>>ω. Most metals can be categorized as good conductors. In terms of a complex, rather than ...
... attenuation due to good (but not perfect) conductors. A good conductor is a special case of the preceding analysis, where the conductive current is much greater than the displacement current, which means that σ>>ω. Most metals can be categorized as good conductors. In terms of a complex, rather than ...
Chapter 12 - NCERT books
... glow tube such as the familiar neon sign or mercury vapour light has only certain discrete wavelengths. The spectrum appears as a series of bright lines. In such gases, the average spacing between atoms is large. Hence, the radiation emitted can be considered due to individual atoms rather than beca ...
... glow tube such as the familiar neon sign or mercury vapour light has only certain discrete wavelengths. The spectrum appears as a series of bright lines. In such gases, the average spacing between atoms is large. Hence, the radiation emitted can be considered due to individual atoms rather than beca ...
Full text in PDF form
... where lp is the Planck length lp = h G=c . The bound (2) includes the gravitational constant G. There are already many discussions of bounds (1) and (2). However these important principles deserve a further study. In this note the number of quantum states inside space region is estimated on the bas ...
... where lp is the Planck length lp = h G=c . The bound (2) includes the gravitational constant G. There are already many discussions of bounds (1) and (2). However these important principles deserve a further study. In this note the number of quantum states inside space region is estimated on the bas ...
Bohr–Einstein debates
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled ""Discussions with Einsteinon Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"". Despite their differences of opinion regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr and Einstein had a mutual admiration that was to last the rest of their lives.The debates represent one of the highest points of scientific research in the first half of the twentieth century because it called attention to an element of quantum theory, quantum non-locality, which is absolutely central to our modern understanding of the physical world. The consensus view of professional physicists has been that Bohr proved victorious, and definitively established the fundamental probabilistic character of quantum measurement.