Chapter 9: Electromagnetic Waves
... The fourth and final step of this problem-solving method is to test the full trial solution against all of Maxwell’s equations. We know that our trial solution satisfies the wave equation in our source-free region because our solution is the superposition of waves that do; it therefore also satisfie ...
... The fourth and final step of this problem-solving method is to test the full trial solution against all of Maxwell’s equations. We know that our trial solution satisfies the wave equation in our source-free region because our solution is the superposition of waves that do; it therefore also satisfie ...
Operator Quantum Error Correction.
... map will also be noiseless for any other map whose Kraus operators are linear combinations of the Kraus operators of the original map. Hence, for the purpose of noiseless encoding, any map whose Kraus operators span is closed under conjugation is equivalent to a unital map. The mathematical framewor ...
... map will also be noiseless for any other map whose Kraus operators are linear combinations of the Kraus operators of the original map. Hence, for the purpose of noiseless encoding, any map whose Kraus operators span is closed under conjugation is equivalent to a unital map. The mathematical framewor ...
Chapter 7 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
... • Heisenberg stated that the product of the uncertainties in both the position and speed of a particle was inversely proportional to its mass – x = position, Dx = uncertainty in position (related to particle nature) – v = velocity, Dv = uncertainty in velocity (related to wave nature) – m = mass • t ...
... • Heisenberg stated that the product of the uncertainties in both the position and speed of a particle was inversely proportional to its mass – x = position, Dx = uncertainty in position (related to particle nature) – v = velocity, Dv = uncertainty in velocity (related to wave nature) – m = mass • t ...
Quasiparticles in the Quantum Hall Effect Janik Kailasvuori Stockholm University
... The content of this research is technical and mathematical and can most likely only be appreciated by those who have studied physics at university level, and among them probably only by a small fraction specialised into the same branch. (Alas, the very specialised nature of today’s scientific resear ...
... The content of this research is technical and mathematical and can most likely only be appreciated by those who have studied physics at university level, and among them probably only by a small fraction specialised into the same branch. (Alas, the very specialised nature of today’s scientific resear ...
Size Effects on Semiconductor Nanoparticles
... What happens if we consider a semiconductor crystal of more than one dimension? The electronic structure of a three-dimensional (3-D) semiconductor crystal can be explained along the same lines as the 1-D case. However, Bragg reflections in a 3-d crystal lattice are more complex because the periodici ...
... What happens if we consider a semiconductor crystal of more than one dimension? The electronic structure of a three-dimensional (3-D) semiconductor crystal can be explained along the same lines as the 1-D case. However, Bragg reflections in a 3-d crystal lattice are more complex because the periodici ...
Change Without Time - Publikationsserver der Universität Regensburg
... other observables), and moreover always takes the same values for interacting systems. This is not at all clear for quantum systems, where superpositions of states at different times are ruled out by a postulate, not on a physical basis. - What guarantees that a measurement is performed only at a si ...
... other observables), and moreover always takes the same values for interacting systems. This is not at all clear for quantum systems, where superpositions of states at different times are ruled out by a postulate, not on a physical basis. - What guarantees that a measurement is performed only at a si ...
HQ-1: Conference on the History of Quantum Physics Max Planck
... that Einstein’s equation of the photoelectric effect could be derived on classical, nonEinsteinian grounds, thereby obviating the need to accept Einstein’s light-quantum hypothesis as an interpretation of it.12 Fourth, in 1912 Max Laue, Walter Friedrich, and Paul Knipping showed that X rays can be d ...
... that Einstein’s equation of the photoelectric effect could be derived on classical, nonEinsteinian grounds, thereby obviating the need to accept Einstein’s light-quantum hypothesis as an interpretation of it.12 Fourth, in 1912 Max Laue, Walter Friedrich, and Paul Knipping showed that X rays can be d ...
A new theory of the origin of cancer
... of malignancy rather than a mere byproduct. In normal mitosis chromosomes replicate into sister chromatids which are then precisely separated and transported into mirror-like sets by structural protein assemblies called mitotic spindles and centrioles, both composed of microtubules. The elegant yet ...
... of malignancy rather than a mere byproduct. In normal mitosis chromosomes replicate into sister chromatids which are then precisely separated and transported into mirror-like sets by structural protein assemblies called mitotic spindles and centrioles, both composed of microtubules. The elegant yet ...
Fractional @ Scaling for Quantum Kicked Rotors without Cantori
... regions is apparent. These momentum ‘‘trapping’’ regions appear at p 2m 1 where m 0, 1, 2 . . . . For odd-integer multiples of there is near cancellation of consecutive kicks. Figure 1(b) shows the RP-DKP, for which 106 . In fact, an indistinguishable SOS can be obtained by taking ...
... regions is apparent. These momentum ‘‘trapping’’ regions appear at p 2m 1 where m 0, 1, 2 . . . . For odd-integer multiples of there is near cancellation of consecutive kicks. Figure 1(b) shows the RP-DKP, for which 106 . In fact, an indistinguishable SOS can be obtained by taking ...
New constructions for Quantum Money
... Suppose that we have an encoding function that takes as input a classical string x and gives as output an encoding ρex , which in the quantum case is a mixed quantum state. Suppose, furthermore, that x is chosen from some distribution and is described by a random variable X. How easy is it for an al ...
... Suppose that we have an encoding function that takes as input a classical string x and gives as output an encoding ρex , which in the quantum case is a mixed quantum state. Suppose, furthermore, that x is chosen from some distribution and is described by a random variable X. How easy is it for an al ...
Scattering theory - Theory of Condensed Matter
... a loosely bound pair, whose size can become comparable to or even larger than the average distance between particles. A Bose-Einstein condensate of these fragile pairs is called a “BCS-state”, after Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer. This is what occurs in superconductors, in which current flows withou ...
... a loosely bound pair, whose size can become comparable to or even larger than the average distance between particles. A Bose-Einstein condensate of these fragile pairs is called a “BCS-state”, after Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer. This is what occurs in superconductors, in which current flows withou ...
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... EJ1max jcosðp fex =f0 Þj; where E J1max is the maximum value of E J1 and f 0 is the flux quantum. By repeatedly applying the sequential pulses (with a repetition time T r ¼ 128 ns), we measure the pulseinduced currents through probes 1 and 2, which are biased at ,650 mV to enable a Josephson-quasipa ...
... EJ1max jcosðp fex =f0 Þj; where E J1max is the maximum value of E J1 and f 0 is the flux quantum. By repeatedly applying the sequential pulses (with a repetition time T r ¼ 128 ns), we measure the pulseinduced currents through probes 1 and 2, which are biased at ,650 mV to enable a Josephson-quasipa ...
Introduction to Quantum Information Science
... decades we have achieved this, but nally the limits of current CMOS technology have been reached and a hunt for newer materials and architectures has begun. Finally, Information and Communication theory began with a paper in 1948 by Claude Shannon in which a mathematical framework was formalized fo ...
... decades we have achieved this, but nally the limits of current CMOS technology have been reached and a hunt for newer materials and architectures has begun. Finally, Information and Communication theory began with a paper in 1948 by Claude Shannon in which a mathematical framework was formalized fo ...
A REPORT ON QUANTUM COMPUTING
... with the system. With the correct type of algorithm it is possible to use this parallelism to solve certain problems in a fraction of the time taken by a classical computer. The characteristic feature of quantum computing is quantum parallelism. A quantum system is in general not in one "classical s ...
... with the system. With the correct type of algorithm it is possible to use this parallelism to solve certain problems in a fraction of the time taken by a classical computer. The characteristic feature of quantum computing is quantum parallelism. A quantum system is in general not in one "classical s ...
Bohr–Einstein debates
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled ""Discussions with Einsteinon Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"". Despite their differences of opinion regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr and Einstein had a mutual admiration that was to last the rest of their lives.The debates represent one of the highest points of scientific research in the first half of the twentieth century because it called attention to an element of quantum theory, quantum non-locality, which is absolutely central to our modern understanding of the physical world. The consensus view of professional physicists has been that Bohr proved victorious, and definitively established the fundamental probabilistic character of quantum measurement.