Universally valid reformulation of the Heisenberg uncertainty
... momentum disturbance caused by that measurement should be no less than the limit set by Planck’s constant ប/2 as demonstrated by Heisenberg’s thought experiment using a ␥ -ray microscope. Here it is shown that this common assumption is not universally true: a universally valid trade-off relation bet ...
... momentum disturbance caused by that measurement should be no less than the limit set by Planck’s constant ប/2 as demonstrated by Heisenberg’s thought experiment using a ␥ -ray microscope. Here it is shown that this common assumption is not universally true: a universally valid trade-off relation bet ...
Observation of subluminal twisted light in vacuum
... The refractive index of a nondispersive medium does not depend on the frequency of light being considered. Consequently, the phase and group velocities associated with a plane wave propagating along a nondispersive medium’s z axis will take on the values v ph vg c∕n, since Φ ωn∕cz. In contra ...
... The refractive index of a nondispersive medium does not depend on the frequency of light being considered. Consequently, the phase and group velocities associated with a plane wave propagating along a nondispersive medium’s z axis will take on the values v ph vg c∕n, since Φ ωn∕cz. In contra ...
Quantum Dots: Theory, Application, Synthesis
... junction. When a photon with energy greater than the bandgap of silicon hits the solar cell, it excites a single electron with energy exactly equal to the silicon bandgap. Photons with energy less than the bandgap are transmitted by the silicon and do not contribute to the power output. This results ...
... junction. When a photon with energy greater than the bandgap of silicon hits the solar cell, it excites a single electron with energy exactly equal to the silicon bandgap. Photons with energy less than the bandgap are transmitted by the silicon and do not contribute to the power output. This results ...
Module 4 : Uniform Plane Wave Lecture 25 : Solution of Wave
... The time varying fields which can exist in an unbound, homogeneous medium, are constant in a plane containing the field vectors and have wave motion perpendicular to the plane. This phenomenon is then called the `Uniform plane wave'. Let us take an x-directed ...
... The time varying fields which can exist in an unbound, homogeneous medium, are constant in a plane containing the field vectors and have wave motion perpendicular to the plane. This phenomenon is then called the `Uniform plane wave'. Let us take an x-directed ...
200 Beryllium Ions Entangled
... the entangled states they created were "spin-squeezed states". This means that the quantum uncertainty in the measurement of the combined spin of the ensemble is reduced. To satisfy the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, this uncertainty is transferred to (or squeezed into) other degrees of ...
... the entangled states they created were "spin-squeezed states". This means that the quantum uncertainty in the measurement of the combined spin of the ensemble is reduced. To satisfy the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, this uncertainty is transferred to (or squeezed into) other degrees of ...
Measurement Theories in Quantum Mechanics Cortland M. Setlow March 3, 2006
... However, the behavior of equipment in laboratories seems at odds with linear time evolution. When quantum mechanics was being formulated, an ad hoc proposal was introduced to describe the action of a measurement apparatus 1 . This proposal, often called the "collapse postulate," states that a measur ...
... However, the behavior of equipment in laboratories seems at odds with linear time evolution. When quantum mechanics was being formulated, an ad hoc proposal was introduced to describe the action of a measurement apparatus 1 . This proposal, often called the "collapse postulate," states that a measur ...
Quantum Rabi Oscillation A Direct Test of Field Quantization in a
... the results to the corresponding semiclassical treatment [2], we find out that the equations of motion for the atom-field probability amplitudes have the same form. ...
... the results to the corresponding semiclassical treatment [2], we find out that the equations of motion for the atom-field probability amplitudes have the same form. ...
16 Effective quantum field theories
... Dimensional analysis is one of the oldest and most important physical ideas. The key principle in dimensional analysis is that physics should not depend on the units in which physical parameters are measured. Because of this principle, the dimensions of a physical quantity can tell you a lot about t ...
... Dimensional analysis is one of the oldest and most important physical ideas. The key principle in dimensional analysis is that physics should not depend on the units in which physical parameters are measured. Because of this principle, the dimensions of a physical quantity can tell you a lot about t ...
Conclusive Exclusion of Quantum States
... Introduction. Suppose we are given a single-shot device, guaranteed to prepare a system in a quantum state chosen at random from a finite set of k known states. In the quantum state discrimination problem, we would attempt to identify the state that has been prepared. It is a well known result [1] t ...
... Introduction. Suppose we are given a single-shot device, guaranteed to prepare a system in a quantum state chosen at random from a finite set of k known states. In the quantum state discrimination problem, we would attempt to identify the state that has been prepared. It is a well known result [1] t ...
Bormio2016_talk_JFSS
... nth excited state of a specified mode can thus be viewed as consisting of n individual quanta. The quanta obey Bose statistics…” Page 330 “… but it might be expected that the zero-point oscillations in the γ direction would be of similar magnitude as those in the β direction. The experimentally obse ...
... nth excited state of a specified mode can thus be viewed as consisting of n individual quanta. The quanta obey Bose statistics…” Page 330 “… but it might be expected that the zero-point oscillations in the γ direction would be of similar magnitude as those in the β direction. The experimentally obse ...
Documentation
... One of the most important consequences that runnable quantum computers with a register of about 1 kq (1000 qubit) is that all current public key systems will be cracked!1 OK, this may last one or more decades from now, but quantum computation is a problem (as well as a solution, by the way, since it ...
... One of the most important consequences that runnable quantum computers with a register of about 1 kq (1000 qubit) is that all current public key systems will be cracked!1 OK, this may last one or more decades from now, but quantum computation is a problem (as well as a solution, by the way, since it ...
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... It turned out that for our model to work, we needed to include from the outset a so-called Cosmological Constant -- an invisible and immaterial substance that space contains even in the complete absence of other forms of matter and energy. This requirement is good news because cosmologists have foun ...
... It turned out that for our model to work, we needed to include from the outset a so-called Cosmological Constant -- an invisible and immaterial substance that space contains even in the complete absence of other forms of matter and energy. This requirement is good news because cosmologists have foun ...
Coleman progress - Rutgers Physics
... past decade has revealed a new kind of phase transition that is driven, not by thermal motion, but by the quantum fluctuations associated with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. These quantum fluctuations are called ‘zero-point motion’. According to the uncertainty principle, the more certain a par ...
... past decade has revealed a new kind of phase transition that is driven, not by thermal motion, but by the quantum fluctuations associated with Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. These quantum fluctuations are called ‘zero-point motion’. According to the uncertainty principle, the more certain a par ...
Phys 446: Solid State Physics / Optical Properties Lattice vibrations
... the nature of bond is not affected by vibrations The discreteness of the lattice must be taken into account For long waves >> a, one may disregard the atomic nature – solid is treated as a continuous medium. Such vibrations are referred to as elastic (or acoustic) waves. ...
... the nature of bond is not affected by vibrations The discreteness of the lattice must be taken into account For long waves >> a, one may disregard the atomic nature – solid is treated as a continuous medium. Such vibrations are referred to as elastic (or acoustic) waves. ...
A quantum mechanical model of adaptive mutation
... terms of a density matrix that contains information about the alternative outcomes of the measurement. In particular, it will contain off diagonal terms that are responsible for the nonclassical behaviour (interference effects). Von Neumann postulated that the process of ‘measurement’ occurs via an ...
... terms of a density matrix that contains information about the alternative outcomes of the measurement. In particular, it will contain off diagonal terms that are responsible for the nonclassical behaviour (interference effects). Von Neumann postulated that the process of ‘measurement’ occurs via an ...
Quantum theory without measurement or state reduction problems
... the fact that Q + M is not isolated. If we were to insist that Q + M evolves according to SE during a measurement, then we would have a contradiction, which is the notorious measurement problem. QTIS avoids the problem by recognizing that in principle SE cannot describe the evolution of Q + M. Since ...
... the fact that Q + M is not isolated. If we were to insist that Q + M evolves according to SE during a measurement, then we would have a contradiction, which is the notorious measurement problem. QTIS avoids the problem by recognizing that in principle SE cannot describe the evolution of Q + M. Since ...
Linear Optical Quantum Computing in a Single Spatial Mode
... quantum information and communication protocols naturally provides access to high dimensional Hilbert spaces [11–13] while maintaining a compact device design, and can leverage the existing classical communications technology base. Additionally, time-frequency encodings benefit from a relative insen ...
... quantum information and communication protocols naturally provides access to high dimensional Hilbert spaces [11–13] while maintaining a compact device design, and can leverage the existing classical communications technology base. Additionally, time-frequency encodings benefit from a relative insen ...
Structure of the photon and magnetic field induced birefringence
... through a region where a transverse magnetic field was present inducing a difference in the light velocity that should have been observed as a phase shift [8] [9]. In 1979 Iacopini and Zavattini [10] proposed to measure the ellipticity induced on a linearly polarized laser beam by the presence of a ...
... through a region where a transverse magnetic field was present inducing a difference in the light velocity that should have been observed as a phase shift [8] [9]. In 1979 Iacopini and Zavattini [10] proposed to measure the ellipticity induced on a linearly polarized laser beam by the presence of a ...
Bohr–Einstein debates
The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. An account of the debates was written by Bohr in an article titled ""Discussions with Einsteinon Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics"". Despite their differences of opinion regarding quantum mechanics, Bohr and Einstein had a mutual admiration that was to last the rest of their lives.The debates represent one of the highest points of scientific research in the first half of the twentieth century because it called attention to an element of quantum theory, quantum non-locality, which is absolutely central to our modern understanding of the physical world. The consensus view of professional physicists has been that Bohr proved victorious, and definitively established the fundamental probabilistic character of quantum measurement.