Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota urosepsis in a patient with
... blood gases showed a pH of 7.32, a pCO2 of 11 mmHg, a pO2 of 98 mmHg and a base excess of 218.2 mmol l21. His lactate level was not elevated at 0.80 mmol l21 (normal 0.9– 1.6 mmol l21). Because of compensatory hyperventilation due to acidosis and imminent respiratory failure, the patient was intubat ...
... blood gases showed a pH of 7.32, a pCO2 of 11 mmHg, a pO2 of 98 mmHg and a base excess of 218.2 mmol l21. His lactate level was not elevated at 0.80 mmol l21 (normal 0.9– 1.6 mmol l21). Because of compensatory hyperventilation due to acidosis and imminent respiratory failure, the patient was intubat ...
How do I investigate septic transfusion reactions and blood donors
... common cause of transfusion-transmitted infection, accounting for between 14 and 24% of transfusion associated fatalities reported to the US Food and Drug Administration and various hemovigilance systems.1 Because platelets (PLTs) are stored at room temperature, they provide a hospitable environment ...
... common cause of transfusion-transmitted infection, accounting for between 14 and 24% of transfusion associated fatalities reported to the US Food and Drug Administration and various hemovigilance systems.1 Because platelets (PLTs) are stored at room temperature, they provide a hospitable environment ...
De-escalation of empirical therapy is associated with lower mortality
... patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia and is even asso- ecology, source of infection, and severity of illness. ciated with lower mortality [5, 6]. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is recommended in The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends the use all patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. T ...
... patients with ICU-acquired pneumonia and is even asso- ecology, source of infection, and severity of illness. ciated with lower mortality [5, 6]. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is recommended in The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends the use all patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. T ...
MRSA - RegOnline
... Fever, malaise, new murmur, splenomegaly, positive blood cultures (usually multiple) Echo aids in diagnosis (Modified Duke Criteria) Embolic phenomena less common in young children (petechiae, Janeway lesions) Septic shock may be evident early or may not develop at all; can by quite indolent (index ...
... Fever, malaise, new murmur, splenomegaly, positive blood cultures (usually multiple) Echo aids in diagnosis (Modified Duke Criteria) Embolic phenomena less common in young children (petechiae, Janeway lesions) Septic shock may be evident early or may not develop at all; can by quite indolent (index ...
Empiric antibiotic choices
... Ceftriaxone 1 gm IV q24 hours PLUS Azithromycin 500 mg PO/IV q24 hours If previous MRSA colonization or infection, consider adding: Vancomycin loading dose IV x1 (2 gm if >70 kg, 1.5 gm if <70kg), then 15 mg/kg IV q12 hours Typical Duration: 7 days B. CAP with cavitary lesion(s) (Oral anaerobe ...
... Ceftriaxone 1 gm IV q24 hours PLUS Azithromycin 500 mg PO/IV q24 hours If previous MRSA colonization or infection, consider adding: Vancomycin loading dose IV x1 (2 gm if >70 kg, 1.5 gm if <70kg), then 15 mg/kg IV q12 hours Typical Duration: 7 days B. CAP with cavitary lesion(s) (Oral anaerobe ...
Jaundice in the newborn
... newborns have clinical jaundice. Jaundice may caused by serious illness or lead to keriniectrus. 75% of bilirubin comes from haemoglobin and 25% from other sources ...
... newborns have clinical jaundice. Jaundice may caused by serious illness or lead to keriniectrus. 75% of bilirubin comes from haemoglobin and 25% from other sources ...
PowerPoint
... The word "antibiotics" comes from the Greek anti ("against") and bios ("life"). The noun “antibiotic” was suggested in 1942 by Dr. Selman A. Waksman, soil microbiologist. ...
... The word "antibiotics" comes from the Greek anti ("against") and bios ("life"). The noun “antibiotic” was suggested in 1942 by Dr. Selman A. Waksman, soil microbiologist. ...
Staphylococcus
... • Most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections • 2nd most common staphylococcal spp. to cause primary bacteraemia in hospitals • Typical colony: Pigmented (cream yellow to orange), haemolytic on blood agars ...
... • Most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections • 2nd most common staphylococcal spp. to cause primary bacteraemia in hospitals • Typical colony: Pigmented (cream yellow to orange), haemolytic on blood agars ...
Implementation of a Rapid Microarray Assay for the Detection of
... methicillin-resistance by Vitek 2. ESBLs (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) for Gram-negative organisms were detected by both methods, showing 100% agreement. Key words: Microarray, verigene, blood cultures. ...
... methicillin-resistance by Vitek 2. ESBLs (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) for Gram-negative organisms were detected by both methods, showing 100% agreement. Key words: Microarray, verigene, blood cultures. ...
Lecture 1 Bacterial meningitis
... Light sensitivity. A person with meningitis may find it painful to look at bright lights, and will try to ...
... Light sensitivity. A person with meningitis may find it painful to look at bright lights, and will try to ...
February 2010 CENSUS
... Tuberculous pericarditis with pericardial effusion, resolving Disseminated Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pericardium) s/p tube pericardiostomy (1/19/10) and removal ...
... Tuberculous pericarditis with pericardial effusion, resolving Disseminated Tuberculosis (pulmonary, pericardium) s/p tube pericardiostomy (1/19/10) and removal ...
Definitions of Infectious Diseases and Complications
... Sepsis is the association of a clinically or microbiologically documented infection AND of 2 or more of the SIRS (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome) conditions which are: - temperature > 38°C or < 36°C - heart rate > 90/minute - respiratory rate > 20 /minute or Pa CO2 < 32mmHg - white blood ce ...
... Sepsis is the association of a clinically or microbiologically documented infection AND of 2 or more of the SIRS (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome) conditions which are: - temperature > 38°C or < 36°C - heart rate > 90/minute - respiratory rate > 20 /minute or Pa CO2 < 32mmHg - white blood ce ...
Do We Really Need to Worry About Listeria in Newborn Infants?
... to result in a more favorable neonatal outcome. There are no randomized controlled trials that address the type and duration of antibiotic therapy. Susceptibility to ampicillin and penicillin is well established, although these antibiotics have relatively weak bactericidal activity. An aminoglycosid ...
... to result in a more favorable neonatal outcome. There are no randomized controlled trials that address the type and duration of antibiotic therapy. Susceptibility to ampicillin and penicillin is well established, although these antibiotics have relatively weak bactericidal activity. An aminoglycosid ...
Evaluation of TREM1 Gene Expression in Circulating
... of clinically relevant information, and the genotype of these cells can be determined using gene expression anal ysis (8). PRRs (e.g., Tolllike receptor [TLR] 2, 4, and CD14) are germlineencoded molecules that recognize different bacterial products (9,10). In particular, TLR2 recog nizes specifi ...
... of clinically relevant information, and the genotype of these cells can be determined using gene expression anal ysis (8). PRRs (e.g., Tolllike receptor [TLR] 2, 4, and CD14) are germlineencoded molecules that recognize different bacterial products (9,10). In particular, TLR2 recog nizes specifi ...
approach to monoarthritis
... – Must not be used if there is kidney failure or kidney stones – To avoid kidney stones a high fluid intake (2l/day) must be maintained and in addition the urine can be alkalised with something like “citrosoda” ...
... – Must not be used if there is kidney failure or kidney stones – To avoid kidney stones a high fluid intake (2l/day) must be maintained and in addition the urine can be alkalised with something like “citrosoda” ...
MRSA - NASHiCS
... the health of that person Infection is the invasion of a person’s body tissues by harmful and opportunistic organisms causing clinical signs of infection to that person ...
... the health of that person Infection is the invasion of a person’s body tissues by harmful and opportunistic organisms causing clinical signs of infection to that person ...
SIRS: Meets 2 or more of the criteria • HR greater than 90 bpm
... CBC with differential, CMP, MG, Phos, PT/INR, PTT, CKMB, CK, Trop-T, Cortisol level Type and Screen ABG with lactate ...
... CBC with differential, CMP, MG, Phos, PT/INR, PTT, CKMB, CK, Trop-T, Cortisol level Type and Screen ABG with lactate ...
Streptococcus
... around the bacterial growth is called β - hemolysis. Incomplete lysis of erythrocytes with reduction of hemoglobin and the formation of green pigment is called α - hemolysis. Other streptococci are nonhemolytic (sometimes called γhemolysis). ...
... around the bacterial growth is called β - hemolysis. Incomplete lysis of erythrocytes with reduction of hemoglobin and the formation of green pigment is called α - hemolysis. Other streptococci are nonhemolytic (sometimes called γhemolysis). ...
Slide 1
... These cultures can vary in quality: Some may be superficial samples (i.e., more prone to contamination or colonization); others may be deep tissue samples or cultures from an operation (i.e., less likely to be contaminated or colonized). The presence of cellulitis, pus, exposed bone can help dis ...
... These cultures can vary in quality: Some may be superficial samples (i.e., more prone to contamination or colonization); others may be deep tissue samples or cultures from an operation (i.e., less likely to be contaminated or colonized). The presence of cellulitis, pus, exposed bone can help dis ...
The dynamics of acute inflammation
... In this case, low levels of infection persist indefinitely. This could be likened to infection with tuberculosis, yeast infections or low-grade bacterial infections that persist for long periods of time (Beatty et al., 1994). Although, an organism could survive this state for a long duration it may e ...
... In this case, low levels of infection persist indefinitely. This could be likened to infection with tuberculosis, yeast infections or low-grade bacterial infections that persist for long periods of time (Beatty et al., 1994). Although, an organism could survive this state for a long duration it may e ...
Bacterial Toxigenesis
... • Bound by plasma proteins LPS-binding proteins (LBP). • LBP interacts with receptors on monocytes and macrophages and other types of receptors on endothelial cells. • In monocytes and macrophages three types of events are triggered during their interaction with LPS: 1) Production of cytokines, (IL, ...
... • Bound by plasma proteins LPS-binding proteins (LBP). • LBP interacts with receptors on monocytes and macrophages and other types of receptors on endothelial cells. • In monocytes and macrophages three types of events are triggered during their interaction with LPS: 1) Production of cytokines, (IL, ...
Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work
... Most illnesses are caused by two kinds of germs: bacteria or viruses. Antibiotics can cure bacterial infections – not viral infections. Bacteria cause strep throat, some pneumonia and sinus infections. Antibiotics can work. Viruses cause the common cold, most coughs and the flu. Antibiotics don’t wo ...
... Most illnesses are caused by two kinds of germs: bacteria or viruses. Antibiotics can cure bacterial infections – not viral infections. Bacteria cause strep throat, some pneumonia and sinus infections. Antibiotics can work. Viruses cause the common cold, most coughs and the flu. Antibiotics don’t wo ...
Problem 06- Fever
... Exposure: Search for origin of infection- examination, x-ray, echo, other imaging. Resus aims: Maintain MAP of at least 65 mmHg, Central venous pressure 8-12mmHg, Oxygen saturation ≥70%, Urine output ≥ 0.5/ml/Kg/Hr ...
... Exposure: Search for origin of infection- examination, x-ray, echo, other imaging. Resus aims: Maintain MAP of at least 65 mmHg, Central venous pressure 8-12mmHg, Oxygen saturation ≥70%, Urine output ≥ 0.5/ml/Kg/Hr ...
Sepsis
Sepsis (/ˈsɛpsɨs/) is a whole-body inflammatory response to an infection. Common signs and symptoms include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, and confusion. There may also be symptoms related to a specific infection, such as a cough with pneumonia, or painful urination with a kidney infection. In the very young, old, and people with a weakened immune system, there may be no symptoms of a specific infection and the body temperature may be low or normal rather than high. Severe sepsis is sepsis causing poor organ function or insufficient blood flow. Insufficient blood flow may be evident by low blood pressure, high blood lactate, or low urine output. Septic shock is low blood pressure due to sepsis that does not improve after reasonable amounts of intravenous fluids are given.Sepsis is caused by an immune response triggered by an infection. The infection is most commonly by bacteria, but can also be by fungi, viruses, or parasites. Common locations for the primary infection include: lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs. Risk factors include young or old age, a weakened immune system from conditions such as cancer or diabetes, and major trauma or burns. Diagnosis is based on meeting at least two systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria due to a presumed infection. Blood cultures are recommended preferably before antibiotics are started; however, infection of the blood is not required for the diagnosis. Medical imaging should be done looking for the possible location of infection. Other potential causes of similar signs and symptoms include: anaphylaxis, adrenal insufficiency, low blood volume, heart failure, and pulmonary embolism among others.Sepsis is usually treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. This is often done in an intensive care unit. If fluid replacement is not enough to maintain blood pressure, medications that raise blood pressure can be used. Mechanical ventilation and dialysis may be needed to support the function of the lungs and kidneys, respectively. To guide treatment, a central venous catheter and an arterial catheter may be placed. Other measurements such as cardiac output and superior vena cava oxygen saturation may also be used. People with sepsis need preventive measures for deep vein thrombosis, stress ulcers and pressure ulcers, unless other conditions prevent such interventions. Some might benefit from tight control of blood sugar levels with insulin. The use of corticosteroids is controversial. Activated drotrecogin alfa, originally marketed for severe sepsis, has not been found to be helpful, and was withdrawn from sale in 2011.Disease severity partly determines the outcome with the risk of death from sepsis being as high as 30%, severe sepsis as high as 50%, and septic shock as high as 80%. The total number of cases worldwide is unknown as there is little data from the developing world. Estimates suggest sepsis affects millions of people a year. In the developed world about 0.2 to 3 per 1000 people gets sepsis yearly or about a million cases per year in the United States. Rates of disease have been increasing. Sepsis is more common among males than females. The terms septicemia and blood poisoning referred to the microorganisms or their toxins in the blood and are no longer commonly used. The condition has been described at least since the time of Hippocrates.