Anatomy and Physiology of Smell
... interact with mucus overlying the receptor cells Produced by Bowman’s glands and adjacent respiratory mucosa (goblet cells) Partitioning of odorant’s molecules between air phase and mucus phase important in reaching olfactory epithelium Must be soluble in mucus but not too strongly captured to inter ...
... interact with mucus overlying the receptor cells Produced by Bowman’s glands and adjacent respiratory mucosa (goblet cells) Partitioning of odorant’s molecules between air phase and mucus phase important in reaching olfactory epithelium Must be soluble in mucus but not too strongly captured to inter ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... the odor source (Chee-Ruiter and Laurent, 1995). We will discuss some of the cues that insects may use in locating an odor source in §1.10.3. The grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, is attracted to the odors of its host plants, wheat, ryegrass, sorghum and alfalfa (Hopkins and Young, 1990; see Hart ...
... the odor source (Chee-Ruiter and Laurent, 1995). We will discuss some of the cues that insects may use in locating an odor source in §1.10.3. The grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, is attracted to the odors of its host plants, wheat, ryegrass, sorghum and alfalfa (Hopkins and Young, 1990; see Hart ...
Olfactory Learning in Drosophila: Learning from Models
... time. We call this delay conditioning. Similar to trace conditioning, the odor signals the onset of electric shock and triggers a conditioned avoidance response after training. Compared to trace conditioning the LI is larger for a single training trial. Flies form a stronger association for shorter ...
... time. We call this delay conditioning. Similar to trace conditioning, the odor signals the onset of electric shock and triggers a conditioned avoidance response after training. Compared to trace conditioning the LI is larger for a single training trial. Flies form a stronger association for shorter ...
Can You Smell That? Anatomy and Physiology of Smell
... interact with mucus overlying the receptor cells Produced by Bowman’s glands and adjacent respiratory mucosa (goblet cells) Partitioning of odorant’s molecules between air phase and mucus phase important in reaching olfactory epithelium Must be soluble in mucus but not too strongly captured to inter ...
... interact with mucus overlying the receptor cells Produced by Bowman’s glands and adjacent respiratory mucosa (goblet cells) Partitioning of odorant’s molecules between air phase and mucus phase important in reaching olfactory epithelium Must be soluble in mucus but not too strongly captured to inter ...
Chemosensory Convergence on Primary Olfactory Cortex
... Accordingly, psychophysical investigations in humans and behavioral work in animals has shown that the taste system plays an integral role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothes ...
... Accordingly, psychophysical investigations in humans and behavioral work in animals has shown that the taste system plays an integral role in odor processing. However, the neural basis for the influence of taste (gustation) on odor (olfaction) remains essentially unknown. Here we tested the hypothes ...
The Olfactory Sensory Map in Drosophila
... by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing.45 The fly OR genes encode a highly divergent family of membrane‑associated proteins that are selectively expressed in Drosophila OSNs.42‑44 These proteins are predicted to contain seven transmembrane domains, but contain no obvious homology to ve ...
... by a family of 60 genes through alternative splicing.45 The fly OR genes encode a highly divergent family of membrane‑associated proteins that are selectively expressed in Drosophila OSNs.42‑44 These proteins are predicted to contain seven transmembrane domains, but contain no obvious homology to ve ...
Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee
... Most natural sensory stimuli occur in combination with other stimuli. Therefore, the question of whether animals perceive the elements of a stimulus compound (elemental processing, e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Rescorla, 1972, 1973) or treat a compound as an entity different from its elements (config ...
... Most natural sensory stimuli occur in combination with other stimuli. Therefore, the question of whether animals perceive the elements of a stimulus compound (elemental processing, e.g. Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Rescorla, 1972, 1973) or treat a compound as an entity different from its elements (config ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... value levels) (Fig. 1C). These odors were then used as unconditioned stimuli (US) in a classical conditioning procedure on the first day of the experiment, wherein each odor was paired with two unique visual conditioned stimuli (CS) (Fig. 1D). Subjects underwent fMRI scanning on the next 2 days of t ...
... value levels) (Fig. 1C). These odors were then used as unconditioned stimuli (US) in a classical conditioning procedure on the first day of the experiment, wherein each odor was paired with two unique visual conditioned stimuli (CS) (Fig. 1D). Subjects underwent fMRI scanning on the next 2 days of t ...
Lecture 14 Olfaction
... the olfactory bulb. Each mitral cell responds to only a few specific odorants. Granule cells: Also in the deepest layer of neurons in the olfactory bulb, along with the mitral cells. Granule cells comprise an extensive network of inhibitory neurons, integrate input from all the earlier projections, ...
... the olfactory bulb. Each mitral cell responds to only a few specific odorants. Granule cells: Also in the deepest layer of neurons in the olfactory bulb, along with the mitral cells. Granule cells comprise an extensive network of inhibitory neurons, integrate input from all the earlier projections, ...
olfaction
... Lateral olfactory tract projects directly to the piriform cortex (= primary olfactory cortex = paleocortex) adjacent to lateral olfactory tract in temporal lobe. This is only sense that does not have relay in thalamus on way from receptors to cerebral cortex. From piriform cortex there are projectio ...
... Lateral olfactory tract projects directly to the piriform cortex (= primary olfactory cortex = paleocortex) adjacent to lateral olfactory tract in temporal lobe. This is only sense that does not have relay in thalamus on way from receptors to cerebral cortex. From piriform cortex there are projectio ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... churning the inhaled air as it passes through the nostrils. As it swirls around, the air is warmed and filtered by the mucosa covering the inside of the nasal cavity. ...
... churning the inhaled air as it passes through the nostrils. As it swirls around, the air is warmed and filtered by the mucosa covering the inside of the nasal cavity. ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... Smell and taste are generally classified as visceral sense because of their close association with gastrointestinal function Physiologically they are related to each other Flavors of various foods are in large part a combination of their taste and smell Food may taste “different” if one has a cold t ...
... Smell and taste are generally classified as visceral sense because of their close association with gastrointestinal function Physiologically they are related to each other Flavors of various foods are in large part a combination of their taste and smell Food may taste “different” if one has a cold t ...
FISIOLOGI HIDUNG DAN SINUS PARANASAL
... Smell and taste are generally classified as visceral sense because of their close association with gastrointestinal function Physiologically they are related to each ...
... Smell and taste are generally classified as visceral sense because of their close association with gastrointestinal function Physiologically they are related to each ...
T3 Final Paper - Drew University
... organisms to auditory stimuli. The behavior of rats is measured by a stabilimeter chamber that measures a whole-body flinch elicited by acoustic input (6). Typically, a brief sound is emitted within the subject’s chamber as the acoustic stimulus. The subject’s flinch response to the stimulus is then ...
... organisms to auditory stimuli. The behavior of rats is measured by a stabilimeter chamber that measures a whole-body flinch elicited by acoustic input (6). Typically, a brief sound is emitted within the subject’s chamber as the acoustic stimulus. The subject’s flinch response to the stimulus is then ...
2906_lect8
... Buck and Axel (1991): Genome contains about 1000 different olfactory receptor genes; each codes for a single type of OR All mammals have pretty much the same set of 1000 genes. However, some genes are non-functional pseudogenes ...
... Buck and Axel (1991): Genome contains about 1000 different olfactory receptor genes; each codes for a single type of OR All mammals have pretty much the same set of 1000 genes. However, some genes are non-functional pseudogenes ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
... The olfactory system in vertebrates has a unique embryology. It forms from 1) paired placodes made of non-neural epithelium that have the capacity to give rise to sensory neurons and supporting cells in the olfactory epithelium, and 2) neural crest cells that give origin to the structural elements o ...
Chemical Senses
... which contains glucose, is injected into an animal. Animal is exposed to different chemicals. Neural activation is measured by amount of ...
... which contains glucose, is injected into an animal. Animal is exposed to different chemicals. Neural activation is measured by amount of ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... Multiple projections (from OB) to many brain structures Direct and widespread influence on odor discrimination, emotion, motivation, memory.. • OB-OT-Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus pathway may be responsible for the conscious perception of smell, while connections to amygdala and entorhinal corte ...
... Multiple projections (from OB) to many brain structures Direct and widespread influence on odor discrimination, emotion, motivation, memory.. • OB-OT-Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus pathway may be responsible for the conscious perception of smell, while connections to amygdala and entorhinal corte ...
Olfaction
... § Buck and Axel (1991): Genome contains about 1000 different olfactory receptor genes; each codes for a single type of OR § All mammals have pretty much the same set of 1000 genes. However, some genes are non-functional pseudogenes q Dogs and mice: About 20% are pseudogenes q Humans: Between ...
... § Buck and Axel (1991): Genome contains about 1000 different olfactory receptor genes; each codes for a single type of OR § All mammals have pretty much the same set of 1000 genes. However, some genes are non-functional pseudogenes q Dogs and mice: About 20% are pseudogenes q Humans: Between ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... because only two such components were tested, yielding only one distance measure). Figure 4D presents the same calculation for all pheromone types together. In the LH, distances between odorants belonging to the same pheromone always had lower ranks, i.e., response maps were more similar, than dista ...
... because only two such components were tested, yielding only one distance measure). Figure 4D presents the same calculation for all pheromone types together. In the LH, distances between odorants belonging to the same pheromone always had lower ranks, i.e., response maps were more similar, than dista ...
Smell Prism - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ
... Smell is a chemical sense that evaluates vaporous environmental chemicals. We perceive many odor qualities, notes perhaps each associated with one of the hundreds of olfactory receptors (OR). Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that co ...
... Smell is a chemical sense that evaluates vaporous environmental chemicals. We perceive many odor qualities, notes perhaps each associated with one of the hundreds of olfactory receptors (OR). Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that co ...
Taste and Smell - Liberty Hill High School
... Taste triggers reflex involved in digestion; causes an increase of saliva in mouth (amylase) and gastric juice in stomach acids cause strong salivary reflex bad tasting food causes gagging or reflexive vomiting taste can change over time taste is 80% smell ...
... Taste triggers reflex involved in digestion; causes an increase of saliva in mouth (amylase) and gastric juice in stomach acids cause strong salivary reflex bad tasting food causes gagging or reflexive vomiting taste can change over time taste is 80% smell ...
Ch15aa
... odors than humans. • Dogs are 300 to 10,000 times more sensitive. • However, individual receptors for all of these animals are equally sensitive. • The difference lies in the number of receptors they each have. ...
... odors than humans. • Dogs are 300 to 10,000 times more sensitive. • However, individual receptors for all of these animals are equally sensitive. • The difference lies in the number of receptors they each have. ...
Odor
An odor or odour or fragrance is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds, generally at a very low concentration, that humans or other animals perceive by the sense of olfaction. Odors are also commonly called scents, which can refer to both pleasant and unpleasant odors. The terms fragrance and aroma are used primarily by the food and cosmetic industry to describe a pleasant odor, and are sometimes used to refer to perfumes. In contrast, malodor, stench, reek, and stink are used specifically to describe unpleasant odor. The term smell (in its noun form) is used for both pleasant and unpleasant odors.In the United Kingdom, odour refers to scents in general. In the United States and for many non-native English speakers around the world, odor generally has a negative connotation, as a synonym for stink; on the other hand, scent or aroma are used by those people to indicate ""pleasant smells"".