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Dr. Wade Berrettini`s Powerpoint presentation
Dr. Wade Berrettini`s Powerpoint presentation

... ~1,000,000 SNP CHIPs provide the ability to obtain a genotype at 1 SNP every ~ 3000 base pairs in the genome, allowing determination of most common SNPs. Allele-specific fluorescently-tagged DNA fragments (known as oligonucleotides) are mounted on the slide. The oligonucleotides are sequence-specifi ...
official course outline information
official course outline information

... 7. Use bioinformatics to screen genomic and protein data bases to understand the structure/function of the genes and gene products from the bioluminescence operon from a marine bacterium. 8. Demonstrate familiarity with the use of laboratory equipment. ...
AP Biology: Evolution
AP Biology: Evolution

... 1. Examine the “ideal” or mock gel shown in Figure 5 that includes DNA samples that have been cut with three restriction enzymes, BamHI, EcoRI, and HindIII, to produce RFLPs (fragments). Sample D is DNA that has not been cut with enzyme(s). DNA cut with HindIII provides a set of fragments of known s ...
Microbial Genetics
Microbial Genetics

Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics
Chapter 12 Molecular Genetics

... Mendel’s work was rediscovered in the 1900’s, scientists began to search for the molecule involved in inheritance ► Scientists knew that the genetic information was carried on the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells, and the two main components of chromosomes are DNA and protein. ...
HUMAN GENETICS ARCHITECTURE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
HUMAN GENETICS ARCHITECTURE LEARNING OBJECTIVES

... Y-linked inheritance occurs when a gene, trait, or disorder is transferred through the Y chromosome. Since Y chromosomes can only be found in males, Y linked traits are only passed on from father to son. The testis determining factor, which is located on the Y chromosome, determines the maleness of ...
Section 13-2
Section 13-2

... in a solution containing DNA molecules (Recall Griffith’s experiments.) Plasmid – small circular DNA molecule One way to make recombinant DNA is to insert a human gene into bacterial DNA. The new combination of genes is then returned to the bacterial cell, and the bacteria can produce the human prot ...
slides - István Albert
slides - István Albert

... Origins  of  human  gene9c  varia9on  3   •  No  two  humans  are  gene9cally  iden9cal  (not   even  monozygous  twins  that  start  out  as  such)   •  About  30  new  varia9ons  per  genera9on.   •  An  allele  is  one  of  two  o ...
printer-friendly version
printer-friendly version

... most of DNA is quite similar. Based on sequencing to date it appears that on average two unrelated people have one different nucleotide per 1000 bases. Thus with 3 billion bp total bases this means there are 3 million differences between individuals or less than 0.01% difference between individuals. ...
AIMS Review Packet
AIMS Review Packet

... 39) What is the difference between DNA, chromatin, chromosomes, and sister chromatids? How are they all similar? 40) What is a chromatid? 41) What part of the DNA molecule splits during replication? 42) What enzyme splits apart the two DNA strand during DNA replication? 43) Diagram the process of DN ...
The Causes, patterns and symptoms of Fragile X syndrome
The Causes, patterns and symptoms of Fragile X syndrome

... and 1/2500 females. It is the most common heritable form of mental retardation and is produced by mutations in a specific gene thus modifying the protein that it ...
Chapter 17 * from gene to protein
Chapter 17 * from gene to protein

... snRNP’s (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins). The snRNP’s recognize these sites and the splicesomes then cut out the introns and reattach the exons. Ribozyme → RNA molecules that act like enzymes; in some organsisms RNA splicing can occur ...
HUMAN GENETICS ARCHITECTURE LEARNING OBJECTIVES At
HUMAN GENETICS ARCHITECTURE LEARNING OBJECTIVES At

... Multifactorial disorders include heart disease and diabetes. Although complex disorders often cluster in families, they do not have a clear-cut pattern of inheritance. This makes it difficult to determine a person’s risk of inheriting or passing on these disorders. Complex disorders are also difficu ...
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes
DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes

... the cell to make a specific protein. Thousands of genes are found on each strand of DNA that makes up your chromosomes. It had been thought that much of the length of DNA does not seem to code for any specific protein and does not seem to be genes. This was long referred to as “junk DNA” and is now ...
Short Exam Questions
Short Exam Questions

... 3. Each mRNA codon specifies one of three possible outcomes during protein synthesis. Name these three possible outcomes. 4. What does the letter ‘t’ stand for in tRNA? 5. During translation one end of a tRNA molecule attaches to an mRNA codon. What is usually attached to the other end of the tRNA m ...
THE DNA DIET - Stellenbosch University
THE DNA DIET - Stellenbosch University

... Smalberger. says: "The field of genetic testing and the link between genetics and dietary prescriptions have been investigated for the past few years, with mixed results. "I believe there is not enough conclusive evidence to prove the link between genetics and weight loss." Gene testing and products ...
DNA, The Genetic Material
DNA, The Genetic Material

... regions. The nucleus is located in the foot. He found this out by doing some graphing exchange on 2 types of Acetabularia that grows different looking caps. Robert Briggs & Thomas King did an experiment circa 1952 by removing the nucleus from a tad pole egg and finding that it did not develop. After ...
fingerprint - West Essex Regional School District
fingerprint - West Essex Regional School District

... Helps to make any DNA on the gel visible Made of synthetic DNA that is complementary to a fragment For example, a probe AAGCTTA will find a TTCGAAT fragment and attach If probe is fluorescent, then you use a UV light to see the probes If probe is radioactive, then you use X-Ray film to see the probe ...
WARM UP #17 A common error in meiosis in an egg
WARM UP #17 A common error in meiosis in an egg

Can Nurture Influence Nature? - Prof. Sir David Baulcombe
Can Nurture Influence Nature? - Prof. Sir David Baulcombe

... • evolution requires variation in heritable traits • heritable variation can be achieved other than by genetic mutation – epimutation • epimutations differ from genetic mutations in that they may be unstable and in that they can be induced and targeted • RNA can initiate variation that is inherited ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

...  the provision of clinically validated but de-identified patient material complete phenotypic descriptors of disease and family, or cohort structure permits genetic analyses for disease gene identification. ...
Acc_Bio_Semester1_Final_Review_Key_12
Acc_Bio_Semester1_Final_Review_Key_12

... • S strain of bacteria can be killed and rendered harmless by heating ...
Variation and Selection
Variation and Selection

Fact Sheet 3 | GENE MUTATIONS Genes contain the instructions for
Fact Sheet 3 | GENE MUTATIONS Genes contain the instructions for

... other parts of the body. It is important that the correct gene message is read in order for the correct protein to be built. The way that a protein is made depends on the DNA messages in the gene. The three letter codons code for specific amino acids. It is these amino acids which build up to form t ...
Chapter 14 2015 - Franklin College
Chapter 14 2015 - Franklin College

... An mRNA molecule is generally translated simultaneously by several ribosomes in clusters called polyribosomes. ...
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Cell-free fetal DNA

Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is fetal DNA circulating freely in the maternal blood stream. It can be sampled by venipuncture on the mother. Analysis of cffDNA provides a method of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.cffDNA originates from the trophoblasts making up the placenta. It is estimated that 2-6% of the DNA in the maternal blood is fetal in origin. The fetal DNA is fragmented and makes its way into the maternal bloodstream via shedding of the placental microparticles into the maternal bloodstream (figure 1). Studies have shown that cffDNA can first be observed as early as 7 weeks gestation, and the amount of cffDNA increases as the pregnancy progresses. cffDNA diminishes quickly after the birth of the baby, so that it is no longer detectable in the maternal blood approximately 2 hours after birth. cffDNA is significantly smaller than the maternal DNA in the bloodstream, with fragments approximately 200bp in size. Many protocols to extract the fetal DNA from the maternal plasma use its size to distinguish it from the maternal DNA.Studies have looked at, and some even optimized, protocols for testing non-compatible RhD factors, sex determination for X-linked genetic disorders and testing for single gene disorders. Current studies are now looking at determining aneuploidies in the developing fetus. These protocols can be done earlier than the current prenatal testing methods, and have no risk of spontaneous abortion, unlike current prenatal testing methods. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has been implemented in the UK and parts of the US; it has clear benefits above the standard tests of chorionic villi sample (CVS) and amniocentesis which have procedure-related miscarriage risks of about 1 in 100 pregnancies and 1 in 200 pregnancies, respectively.As a method of prenatal diagnosis, cell-free fetal DNA techniques share the same ethical and practical issues, such as the possibility of prenatal sex discernment and sex selection.
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