Molecular_genetics_revision_checklist
... Explanation of the redundant nature of the code and the potential positive effect of this is required. To include the turning on and off genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes – control explained in terms of feedback control within the operon. This is to include the use of the term ...
... Explanation of the redundant nature of the code and the potential positive effect of this is required. To include the turning on and off genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes – control explained in terms of feedback control within the operon. This is to include the use of the term ...
Genome Organization
... attachment for segregation during cell division • A fully condensed metaphase chromosome consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere. • From the centromere, the kinetochore captures spindle microtubules, which ensure that sister chromatids segregate correctly to daughter cells. ...
... attachment for segregation during cell division • A fully condensed metaphase chromosome consists of two sister chromatids connected at the centromere. • From the centromere, the kinetochore captures spindle microtubules, which ensure that sister chromatids segregate correctly to daughter cells. ...
DNA Powerpoint Notes
... Cells can contain ________ feet of DNA. If all the DNA in your body was put end to end, it would reach to the sun and back over ________ times. DNA in all humans is ________ % identical. It is about one tenth of one percent that makes us all unique, or about 3 million nucleotides difference. DNA can ...
... Cells can contain ________ feet of DNA. If all the DNA in your body was put end to end, it would reach to the sun and back over ________ times. DNA in all humans is ________ % identical. It is about one tenth of one percent that makes us all unique, or about 3 million nucleotides difference. DNA can ...
RNA polymerase II is the key enzyme in the process of transcription
... 2. One of the four core histones becomes conjugated with ubiquitin in a process that is coupled to transcriptional activation. Describe briefly this process and explain how this monoubiquitination mark is linked to the formation of another key activation mark on histones. 3. Nuclear bodies are promi ...
... 2. One of the four core histones becomes conjugated with ubiquitin in a process that is coupled to transcriptional activation. Describe briefly this process and explain how this monoubiquitination mark is linked to the formation of another key activation mark on histones. 3. Nuclear bodies are promi ...
RNA polymerase II is the key enzyme in the process of transcription
... 2. One of the four core histones becomes conjugated with ubiquitin in a process that is coupled to transcriptional activation. Describe briefly this process and explain how this monoubiquitination mark is linked to the formation of another key activation mark on histones. 3. Nuclear bodies are promi ...
... 2. One of the four core histones becomes conjugated with ubiquitin in a process that is coupled to transcriptional activation. Describe briefly this process and explain how this monoubiquitination mark is linked to the formation of another key activation mark on histones. 3. Nuclear bodies are promi ...
Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation Occurs Rapidly at the Onset
... DNA was counterstained with DAPI, and the X or Y chromosome was identified by appropriate chromosome paint (Texas red; Cambio, Cambridge). (A) Example of a metaphase spread from undifferentiated PGK12.1 XX ES cells. H3-K9 methylation was seen in pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin and at a ...
... DNA was counterstained with DAPI, and the X or Y chromosome was identified by appropriate chromosome paint (Texas red; Cambio, Cambridge). (A) Example of a metaphase spread from undifferentiated PGK12.1 XX ES cells. H3-K9 methylation was seen in pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin and at a ...
Heritable genome-wide variation of gene expression and promoter methylation between
... but the details and significance of this, as well as its putative evolutionary significance, remain to be elucidated. One of the possible epigenetic mechanisms, which could be related to variation in gene expression, is methylation of cytosine, preferentially in so called CpGislands of promoter regi ...
... but the details and significance of this, as well as its putative evolutionary significance, remain to be elucidated. One of the possible epigenetic mechanisms, which could be related to variation in gene expression, is methylation of cytosine, preferentially in so called CpGislands of promoter regi ...
Lecture 10 in molecular biology by Dr. Sawsan Saijd
... foreign DNA introduction .Restriction endonucleases between endogenous differentiated and foreign DNA by its methylation pattern. Introduced DNA which is not protected by methylation is then eliminated by cleavage . 2-Another function of DNA methylation in prokaryotes is the involvement in the con ...
... foreign DNA introduction .Restriction endonucleases between endogenous differentiated and foreign DNA by its methylation pattern. Introduced DNA which is not protected by methylation is then eliminated by cleavage . 2-Another function of DNA methylation in prokaryotes is the involvement in the con ...
Human Cheek Cell DNA Extraction
... chemicals Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Guanine). How can something so simple be the very stuff of life itself, the instruction booklet for life, a how-to guide for building a living thing? In the course of the next few weeks we will uncover the basic process by which DNA gets things done. In the me ...
... chemicals Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Guanine). How can something so simple be the very stuff of life itself, the instruction booklet for life, a how-to guide for building a living thing? In the course of the next few weeks we will uncover the basic process by which DNA gets things done. In the me ...
DNA Methylation, Imprinting and X
... 1. Promoter regions CpG islands (CGIs): non-methylated CpG poor promoters: can be methylated, repressive ...
... 1. Promoter regions CpG islands (CGIs): non-methylated CpG poor promoters: can be methylated, repressive ...
Expression effects
... Occurs in placenta and embryo Must be set for correct sex every generation Complex loci clustering of genes around Cis-acting imprinting control (IC) regions Clusters include paternally and maternally expressed genes Often anti-sense transcription of silenced genes ...
... Occurs in placenta and embryo Must be set for correct sex every generation Complex loci clustering of genes around Cis-acting imprinting control (IC) regions Clusters include paternally and maternally expressed genes Often anti-sense transcription of silenced genes ...
Lab 12
... -analyze the size of DNA fragments that result when a segment of DNA from the genome is cut with special enzymes -Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences -each enzyme recognizes and cuts DNA at a different base sequence e.g. BamHI XXXXXXXXGGATCCXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXCCTAGGXXXXXXXXXX -due to s ...
... -analyze the size of DNA fragments that result when a segment of DNA from the genome is cut with special enzymes -Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences -each enzyme recognizes and cuts DNA at a different base sequence e.g. BamHI XXXXXXXXGGATCCXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXCCTAGGXXXXXXXXXX -due to s ...
Individual nucleosomes are released by digestion of chromatin with
... genome and insulate genes between them from the effects of ...
... genome and insulate genes between them from the effects of ...
File
... Genetics is the study of heredity: How biological information is transferred from one generation to the next as well as how that information is expressed within anorganism. ...
... Genetics is the study of heredity: How biological information is transferred from one generation to the next as well as how that information is expressed within anorganism. ...
Unit 7 (Molecular Biology - DNA) Study Guide KEY
... Biotechnology = using our knowledge of life for our own benefit (cloning, recombinant DNA, GM food, etc) ...
... Biotechnology = using our knowledge of life for our own benefit (cloning, recombinant DNA, GM food, etc) ...
NUCLEUS
... The eukaryotic cell nucleus is typically ~1mm in diameter. It contains a large amount of DNA (a total length of 1-2 meters), which must be efficiently packaged in such a way as to guarantee access to genetic information. Thus, each DNA molecule is packed forming chromatin, a densely staining materia ...
... The eukaryotic cell nucleus is typically ~1mm in diameter. It contains a large amount of DNA (a total length of 1-2 meters), which must be efficiently packaged in such a way as to guarantee access to genetic information. Thus, each DNA molecule is packed forming chromatin, a densely staining materia ...
C16 DNA
... Origins of replication – special sites where the two parental strands of DNA separate to form “bubbles”. In eukaryotes there are 100’s – 1000’s of origin sites along the giant DNA molecule of each chromosome. In bacteria, there is only 1 origin of replication. Replication fork – found at each end of ...
... Origins of replication – special sites where the two parental strands of DNA separate to form “bubbles”. In eukaryotes there are 100’s – 1000’s of origin sites along the giant DNA molecule of each chromosome. In bacteria, there is only 1 origin of replication. Replication fork – found at each end of ...
GENE MUTATION = POINT MUTATION at the DNA level: at the level
... 1. The defective base is hydrolyzed (either spontaneously or via a repair process; this leaves a deoxyribose with no base attached -- an apurinic site 2. If the apurinic site is not repaired before the next round of DNA replication, an A typically is inserted opposite the “empty site” 3. After anoth ...
... 1. The defective base is hydrolyzed (either spontaneously or via a repair process; this leaves a deoxyribose with no base attached -- an apurinic site 2. If the apurinic site is not repaired before the next round of DNA replication, an A typically is inserted opposite the “empty site” 3. After anoth ...
(DNA, RNA, or DNA/RNA) Microinjection Service Form
... cleavage/editing. It is the responsibility of the investigator to confirm whether mutagenesis and/or genome editing has occurred successfully in the resulting mice. • SgRNA-mediated cleavage has been reported to be prone to off-target mutagenesis. These events have been observed in some CRISPR-modif ...
... cleavage/editing. It is the responsibility of the investigator to confirm whether mutagenesis and/or genome editing has occurred successfully in the resulting mice. • SgRNA-mediated cleavage has been reported to be prone to off-target mutagenesis. These events have been observed in some CRISPR-modif ...
DNA Structure - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... • An expert in X-ray crystallography. Used this technique to discover the physical shape of DNA! • This was the first indication that DNA was composed of a double helix structure which had a constant diameter of 2nm. • Died at age of 37 cancer ...
... • An expert in X-ray crystallography. Used this technique to discover the physical shape of DNA! • This was the first indication that DNA was composed of a double helix structure which had a constant diameter of 2nm. • Died at age of 37 cancer ...
Chapter 19 (part 2) - Nevada Agricultural Experiment
... • In duplex DNA, ten bp per turn of helix (relaxed form) • DNA helix can be over-wound. • Over winding of DNA helix can be compensated by supercoiling. • Supercoiling prevalent in circular DNA molecules and within local regions of long linear DNA strands • Enzymes called topoisomerases or gyrases ca ...
... • In duplex DNA, ten bp per turn of helix (relaxed form) • DNA helix can be over-wound. • Over winding of DNA helix can be compensated by supercoiling. • Supercoiling prevalent in circular DNA molecules and within local regions of long linear DNA strands • Enzymes called topoisomerases or gyrases ca ...
Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. Hence, epigenetic research seeks to describe dynamic alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell. These alterations may or may not be heritable, although the use of the term ""epigenetic"" to describe processes that are not heritable is controversial. Unlike genetics based on changes to the DNA sequence (the genotype), the changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype of epigenetics have other causes, thus use of the prefix epi- (Greek: επί- over, outside of, around).The term also refers to the changes themselves: functionally relevant changes to the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence. Examples of mechanisms that produce such changes are DNA methylation and histone modification, each of which alters how genes are expressed without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA. These epigenetic changes may last through cell divisions for the duration of the cell's life, and may also last for multiple generations even though they do not involve changes in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism; instead, non-genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave (or ""express themselves"") differently.One example of an epigenetic change in eukaryotic biology is the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. In other words, as a single fertilized egg cell – the zygote – continues to divide, the resulting daughter cells change into all the different cell types in an organism, including neurons, muscle cells, epithelium, endothelium of blood vessels, etc., by activating some genes while inhibiting the expression of others.