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answer key
answer key

... becomes gaseous and expands into space, forming a diffuse coma ("halo") of dust and evaporated gas around the nucleus. The coma becomes larger and brighter as the comet nears the Sun. At maximum size, the coma can measure 100,000 km in diameter—almost as large as Saturn or Jupiter. - An ion tail and ...
Scale Model of Solar System - Teaching Commons Guide for
Scale Model of Solar System - Teaching Commons Guide for

... Astronomical distances, even within our own solar system, are very difficult to imagine. In this space-program-related activity, you have the opportunity to create a visual and kinesthetic model of the solar system on a scale that may begin to inspire an awed comprehension of how big space is—and ho ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... – Originally orbiting among the giant planets as planetesimals, comets were tossed into the Oort cloud by those planets – The shape of the Oort cloud is determined from observations of comet orbits • Some comet orbits seem to come from a flatter, less remote region – the Kuiper belt, which extends f ...
Ch11_Lecture
Ch11_Lecture

... – Originally orbiting among the giant planets as planetesimals, comets were tossed into the Oort cloud by those planets – The shape of the Oort cloud is determined from observations of comet orbits • Some comet orbits seem to come from a flatter, less remote region – the Kuiper belt, which extends f ...
Chapter15_New
Chapter15_New

... 1. A meteoroid is a small body in interplanetary space. When it enters the Earth’s atmosphere it produces a meteor. The parts of it that reach the Earth’s surface become meteorites. 2. (a) Slowed by gases high in the atmosphere and gently fall to the ground. (b) Burns up completely in the atmosphere ...
ppt
ppt

... any object that absorbs or reflects it. – Dust particles slowly drift away forming a curved tail • Ion tail – Ionized atoms and molecules are swept directly away by the solar wind to form the relatively straight ion tail – The distinct blue color is caused by emission from carbon-bearing molecules s ...
Vagabonds of the Solar System (complete)
Vagabonds of the Solar System (complete)

... any object that absorbs or reflects it. – Dust particles slowly drift away forming a curved tail • Ion tail – Ionized atoms and molecules are swept directly away by the solar wind to form the relatively straight ion tail – The distinct blue color is caused by emission from carbon-bearing molecules s ...
"Inner Oort cloud" -
"Inner Oort cloud" -

... approximately 3 light years, about 30 trillion kilometers from the Sun. This vast distance is considered the edge of the Sun's orb of physical, gravitational, or dynamical influence. Within the cloud, comets are typically tens of millions of kilometers apart. They are weakly bound to the sun, and pa ...
comet2
comet2

... comet Ikeya-Seki broke into three pieces, but they had a combined tail which was very bright. From Japan the comet's perihelion was at local noon and it was visible in the daytime. Comet Lovejoy More recently Australian amateur astronomer Terry Lovejoy discovered a sungrazer which reached perihelion ...
where do space rocks come from?
where do space rocks come from?

... understanding the differences. A meteorite is called a meteor (shooting star, fireball) when it’s entering the atmosphere. Before it enters, it’s called a meteoroid. Most meteorites are rocks that have come off asteroids or comets and landed on Earth. Asteroids are rocks with a stable orbit around th ...
slides - Relativity Group
slides - Relativity Group

... • A 10-km asteroid would produce the explosion equivalent of several billion nuclear bombs • Initial destruction by high temperatures, blast, and acid rain would be followed by months of darkness and intense cold as the Sun’s light is blotted out by clouds of dust • Further evidence of the impact is ...
Remnants of Rock and Ice - SFA Physics and Astronomy
Remnants of Rock and Ice - SFA Physics and Astronomy

... • It has a 248 year orbit that is unusually elliptical and significantly tilted relative to the ...
The NEW Solar System
The NEW Solar System

... Somewhere along the line, you should have noticed that many (if not the vast majority) of the smaller objects found in the solar system have wildly eccentric orbits. In addition, its seems possible that early in the Sun’s own life, one or more partner stars may have been near enough to cause gravita ...
Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids
Comets, Meteors, and Asteroids

... Comets eject small particles that follow the comet around in its orbit and cause meteor showers when Earth crosses the comet’s orbit. ...
The Role of Comets in the Late Heavy Bombardment
The Role of Comets in the Late Heavy Bombardment

... much  less  than  the  ocean  mass     •  Mars  acquired  a  total  of  M  ≈  7x1018  kg     •  This  is  about  10  m  Global  Equivalent  Layer  of   water  (20%),  much  less  than  usually  esImated   •  For  10%  CO2/H2O  b ...
How are comets discovered? - Australian Institute of Policy and
How are comets discovered? - Australian Institute of Policy and

... watch it splutter along the fishing line with its tail spread out behind. ...
Remnants of Rock and Ice (Chapter 12)
Remnants of Rock and Ice (Chapter 12)

... – Asteroids are small rocky objects that can be almost 1000 km in diameter – Most asteroids are too small to have experienced geological activity and too small for gravity to make them spherical – Asteroids are relatively unprocessed leftovers from solar system formation ...
Powerpoint - BU Imaging Science
Powerpoint - BU Imaging Science

... – Asteroids are small rocky objects that can be almost 1000 km in diameter – Most asteroids are too small to have experienced geological activity and too small for gravity to make them spherical – Asteroids are relatively unprocessed leftovers from solar system formation ...
Artificial comets
Artificial comets

... dust tail. The comet’s activity, the emission of gases, begins and ends at a distance of 3 astronomical units1 between Sun and comet. ...
asteroids, comets - MSU Solar Physics
asteroids, comets - MSU Solar Physics

... 1.  How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2.  What is the asteroid belt? Why didn’t the asteroids coalesce to form a single planet? What are Kirkwood gaps? How does gravity shape the asteroid belt? 3.  What are Near Earth Objects (NEOs)? How might an asteroid have caused the extinction of ...
Satellites of Other Planets
Satellites of Other Planets

... If the moon's interior is warm enough to sustain an ocean, and if the ice crust is thin enough to permit the passage of sunlight, then perhaps ...
Halley`s Comet Strikes Back!
Halley`s Comet Strikes Back!

... Graphics courtesy of Starry Night® Pro 6 Imaginova® Corp. ...
Lecture14: Solar System Debris
Lecture14: Solar System Debris

... 1.  How and why were the asteroids first discovered? 2.  What is the asteroid belt? Why didn’t the asteroids coalesce to form a single planet? What are Kirkwood gaps? How does gravity shape the asteroid belt? 3.  What are Near Earth Objects (NEOs)? How might an asteroid have caused the extinction of ...
Falling Stars
Falling Stars

... France and one was in America. They were each looking through telescopes. Both astronomers spotted the comet and reported their finding. The comet they found was not a big, bright comet. It is so small that it can only be seen with a telescope. The comet Tempel-Tuttle is about two-and-a-half miles i ...
Chapter 10 - Astronomy
Chapter 10 - Astronomy

... composed of material as primitive as the original solar nebula. 8. The presence or absence of noble gases in a comet provides a tool for measuring the thermal history of comets. Another tool is the structure of the dust that comets carry. Comet Tails 1. Comets usually have two tails. The straight ta ...
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Comet



A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, heats up and begins to outgas, displaying a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred metres to tens of kilometres across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma and tail are much larger and, if sufficiently bright, may be seen from the Earth without the aid of a telescope. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures.Comets have a wide range of orbital periods, ranging from several years to potentially several millions of years. Short-period comets originate in the Kuiper belt or its associated scattered disc, which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Long-period comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud, a spherical cloud of icy bodies extending from outside the Kuiper belt to halfway to the next nearest star. Long-period comets are directed towards the Sun from the Oort cloud by gravitational perturbations caused by passing stars and the galactic tide. Hyperbolic comets may pass once through the inner Solar System before being flung out to interstellar space.Comets are distinguished from asteroids by the presence of an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere surrounding their central nucleus. This atmosphere has parts termed the coma (the central part immediately surrounding the nucleus) and the tail (a typically linear section consisting of dust or gas blown out from the coma by the Sun's light pressure or outstreaming solar wind plasma). However, extinct comets that have passed close to the Sun many times have lost nearly all of their volatile ices and dust and may come to resemble small asteroids. Asteroids are thought to have a different origin from comets, having formed inside the orbit of Jupiter rather than in the outer Solar System. The discovery of main-belt comets and active centaurs has blurred the distinction between asteroids and comets.As of November 2014 there are 5,253 known comets, a number that is steadily increasing. However, this represents only a tiny fraction of the total potential comet population, as the reservoir of comet-like bodies in the outer Solar System (in the Oort cloud) is estimated to be one trillion. Roughly one comet per year is visible to the naked eye, though many of these are faint and unspectacular. Particularly bright examples are called ""Great Comets"". Comets have been visited by unmanned probes such as the European Space Agency's Rosetta, which became the first ever to land a robotic spacecraft on a comet, and NASA's Deep Impact, which blasted a crater on Comet Tempel 1 to study its interior.
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