The evolution within us - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... heavy chain variable genes range in usage frequency from 0.1% to 10% of rearrangements in a repertoire [39,85]. The usage distributions of heavy chain D and J genes and light chain V and J genes are likewise skewed; there is also preferential usage of particular alleles within each gene [65]. These ...
... heavy chain variable genes range in usage frequency from 0.1% to 10% of rearrangements in a repertoire [39,85]. The usage distributions of heavy chain D and J genes and light chain V and J genes are likewise skewed; there is also preferential usage of particular alleles within each gene [65]. These ...
Publications de l`équipe - Centre de recherche de l`Institut Curie
... Exosomes are secreted vesicles formed in late endocytic compartments. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) secrete exosomes which transfer functional MHC-peptide complexes to other DCs. Since immature and mature DCs induce different functional T cell responses (i.e., tolerance versus priming), we asked whe ...
... Exosomes are secreted vesicles formed in late endocytic compartments. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) secrete exosomes which transfer functional MHC-peptide complexes to other DCs. Since immature and mature DCs induce different functional T cell responses (i.e., tolerance versus priming), we asked whe ...
Figure 6. p16INK4a-deficiency results in an alteration - HAL
... an increased risk of age-related inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in which macrophages play a crucial role. Monocytes can polarize towards classically (CAM) or alternatively (AAM) activated macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acqu ...
... an increased risk of age-related inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in which macrophages play a crucial role. Monocytes can polarize towards classically (CAM) or alternatively (AAM) activated macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acqu ...
CD4+ T Cells Targeting Dominant and Cryptic Epitopes from
... more than six generations to C57BL/6 H2-Aβ00 mice, leading to lines lacking endogenous MHC class II molecules, these mice were generated and maintained as described previously (Ascough et al., 2014b). Research was conducted in compliance with the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and UK legisl ...
... more than six generations to C57BL/6 H2-Aβ00 mice, leading to lines lacking endogenous MHC class II molecules, these mice were generated and maintained as described previously (Ascough et al., 2014b). Research was conducted in compliance with the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and UK legisl ...
An Introduction to the Genetics and Molecular Biology of the F S
... characters, a fact not too surprising since they were derived from pedigrees involving mutagenized strains. The haploid strain S288C is often used as a normal standard because it gives rise to well-dispersed cells, it is widely used, and because many isogenic mutant derivatives are available. Howeve ...
... characters, a fact not too surprising since they were derived from pedigrees involving mutagenized strains. The haploid strain S288C is often used as a normal standard because it gives rise to well-dispersed cells, it is widely used, and because many isogenic mutant derivatives are available. Howeve ...
SAG-2 oral rabies vaccine A. J. BARRAT
... which serves as a sensitive animal model for the detection of residual pathogenicity of live modified rabies vaccine (Leblois, Blancou, Coulon, Lafay, Prehaud, Tuffereau & Flamand 1988). Due to the exchange of the first two nucleotides in the codon of amino acid 333 of the glycoprotein, the strain c ...
... which serves as a sensitive animal model for the detection of residual pathogenicity of live modified rabies vaccine (Leblois, Blancou, Coulon, Lafay, Prehaud, Tuffereau & Flamand 1988). Due to the exchange of the first two nucleotides in the codon of amino acid 333 of the glycoprotein, the strain c ...
Biochemistry
... be made. Each of the 100,000 or so proteins in the human body is synthesized from a different mRNA that has been transcribed from a specific gene on DNA. One question which you must ask yourself is: "Why do we need mRNA if DNA holds all the genetic information, the instructions for the proteins the ...
... be made. Each of the 100,000 or so proteins in the human body is synthesized from a different mRNA that has been transcribed from a specific gene on DNA. One question which you must ask yourself is: "Why do we need mRNA if DNA holds all the genetic information, the instructions for the proteins the ...
Bioinformatics - Sequences and Computers
... contain information that is realized by readers, the sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains information that is realized by the gene expression machinery of cells. Just as documents may provide information that stimulates readers to act on something (like adopting a new life style), genes contain t ...
... contain information that is realized by readers, the sequence of nucleotides in DNA contains information that is realized by the gene expression machinery of cells. Just as documents may provide information that stimulates readers to act on something (like adopting a new life style), genes contain t ...
The Probiotic Mixture VSL#3 Dampens LPS
... lymphoid tissue (GALT). However, genetic defects and impairment of barrier integrity may cause exaggerated immune responses driven by the microflora resulting in the development of intestinal inflammation [4]. Specific lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have been shown efficient in modulating intestina ...
... lymphoid tissue (GALT). However, genetic defects and impairment of barrier integrity may cause exaggerated immune responses driven by the microflora resulting in the development of intestinal inflammation [4]. Specific lactobacilli and bifidobacteria have been shown efficient in modulating intestina ...
January 1997 Biology 30 Grade 12 Diploma Examination
... Use the following information to answer the next question. At the embryonic level, there is not much difference between being male and being female. At the University of Texas, researcher M. D. Anderson discovered a point in embryonic development when ovaries are present in females and testes are p ...
... Use the following information to answer the next question. At the embryonic level, there is not much difference between being male and being female. At the University of Texas, researcher M. D. Anderson discovered a point in embryonic development when ovaries are present in females and testes are p ...
Pivotal Role of the B7:CD28 Pathway in
... abnormal Ig regulation. Despite these defects, the mice appear interaction resulting in costimulation (signal 2).ll3The prototo have relatively normal cellular immunity, including cytotoxic type CD28 counter-receptor expressed on APC, B7,was T-cell and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, sugges ...
... abnormal Ig regulation. Despite these defects, the mice appear interaction resulting in costimulation (signal 2).ll3The prototo have relatively normal cellular immunity, including cytotoxic type CD28 counter-receptor expressed on APC, B7,was T-cell and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, sugges ...
ADC Immunogenicity Testing Strategy
... compounds, and antibody-drug conjugates, is understanding how the human immune system will respond. As we advance more of these novel therapeutics we will have the opportunity, through careful characterization of antibodies that are generated, to better understand how to produce less immunogenic com ...
... compounds, and antibody-drug conjugates, is understanding how the human immune system will respond. As we advance more of these novel therapeutics we will have the opportunity, through careful characterization of antibodies that are generated, to better understand how to produce less immunogenic com ...
A-type CpG ODN with higher binding affinity to LvToll1 could
... Litopenaeus vannamei (Sun et al., 2013). Although CpG ODNs have been reported to induce immune response in crustacean, the mechanism of immune enhancement triggered by different type of CpG ODN is still not well understood. It has been reported that CpG ODNs could activate the IFN-related antiviral ...
... Litopenaeus vannamei (Sun et al., 2013). Although CpG ODNs have been reported to induce immune response in crustacean, the mechanism of immune enhancement triggered by different type of CpG ODN is still not well understood. It has been reported that CpG ODNs could activate the IFN-related antiviral ...
REVIEWS
... which developed into HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY, revolutionized antibody therapeutics6. For the first time, it was possible to produce large quantities of an immunoglobulin of a defined specificity and a single ISOTYPE in vitro. This innovation allowed the generation of homogeneous antibodies in almost un ...
... which developed into HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY, revolutionized antibody therapeutics6. For the first time, it was possible to produce large quantities of an immunoglobulin of a defined specificity and a single ISOTYPE in vitro. This innovation allowed the generation of homogeneous antibodies in almost un ...
Effects of temperature on fish immune defences
... The close relationship that exists between teleost fish and their environment is the basis of a wide variety of studies. In particular, fish have a body temperature that is essentially the temperature of the surrounding water (Fry, 1967) so that their entire physiology, including immune functions, i ...
... The close relationship that exists between teleost fish and their environment is the basis of a wide variety of studies. In particular, fish have a body temperature that is essentially the temperature of the surrounding water (Fry, 1967) so that their entire physiology, including immune functions, i ...
Ernest Just - CPO Science
... that many of their own markers were mixed in with their brother’s. They sorted them into two piles, and to their surprise, only 17 of the 109 markers actually belonged to their brother. What is the ratio of Tim and Rocco’s markers to their little brother’s markers? ...
... that many of their own markers were mixed in with their brother’s. They sorted them into two piles, and to their surprise, only 17 of the 109 markers actually belonged to their brother. What is the ratio of Tim and Rocco’s markers to their little brother’s markers? ...
CRISPR-Cas: biology, mechanisms and relevance
... attention in the scientific community not only because of its unique adaptive nature, but also because of its therapeutic potential. This review seeks to summarize the major discoveries made in the field of CRISPR-Cas, and describes the biological roles of the system in antiviral defence and other b ...
... attention in the scientific community not only because of its unique adaptive nature, but also because of its therapeutic potential. This review seeks to summarize the major discoveries made in the field of CRISPR-Cas, and describes the biological roles of the system in antiviral defence and other b ...
5` Flanking Sequences of the Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene Target
... and adrenal, but ectopic reporter expression in other CNS regions, which may have been due to the site of integration (Morgan and Sharp, 1991; W. Morgan, personal communication). Taken together, these studies indicate that none of the transgenic lineages so far examined have demonstrated completely ...
... and adrenal, but ectopic reporter expression in other CNS regions, which may have been due to the site of integration (Morgan and Sharp, 1991; W. Morgan, personal communication). Taken together, these studies indicate that none of the transgenic lineages so far examined have demonstrated completely ...
neuroimmunology - Dr. Amr Hasan Neurology Clinic
... Breakdown in the immune network which may) (الشبكة واقعه.4 :occur as a result of • Interference with the mechanisms which normally suppress surviving self- reactive T cells. • Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes: Certain agents (e.g. viruses or bacteria) are capable of non-specifically stimulatin ...
... Breakdown in the immune network which may) (الشبكة واقعه.4 :occur as a result of • Interference with the mechanisms which normally suppress surviving self- reactive T cells. • Polyclonal activation of lymphocytes: Certain agents (e.g. viruses or bacteria) are capable of non-specifically stimulatin ...
9 Innate and acquired immunity
... natural bacterial flora covering epithelial surfaces are protective in a number of ways: • Their very presence uses up a niche that cannot be used by a pathogen. • They compete for nutrients. • They produce byproducts that can inhibit the growth of other organisms. It is important not to disturb the ...
... natural bacterial flora covering epithelial surfaces are protective in a number of ways: • Their very presence uses up a niche that cannot be used by a pathogen. • They compete for nutrients. • They produce byproducts that can inhibit the growth of other organisms. It is important not to disturb the ...
16S rRNA Sequence Analysis of Bacteria Present in Foaming Activated Sludge Introduction
... “Microthrix parvicella” was not identified in the study and this is contrary to the fact that it was established by microscopy that “M. parvicella” was the dominant filamentous organism in this sample. The DNA extraction protocol might not have been efficient enough to break up all Gram-positive cel ...
... “Microthrix parvicella” was not identified in the study and this is contrary to the fact that it was established by microscopy that “M. parvicella” was the dominant filamentous organism in this sample. The DNA extraction protocol might not have been efficient enough to break up all Gram-positive cel ...
BISC403 Genetic and Evolutionary Biology Spring, 2011 May 16
... Assuming that both glucose and lactose were present at the start of the experiment, which of the following is true? During the first growth phase, the presence of glucose indirectly prevents the transcription of the Lac operon. When glucose is depleted at the end of the first growth phase, lactose g ...
... Assuming that both glucose and lactose were present at the start of the experiment, which of the following is true? During the first growth phase, the presence of glucose indirectly prevents the transcription of the Lac operon. When glucose is depleted at the end of the first growth phase, lactose g ...
Characterizing a Lambda Red Recombinase Induced Presumptive
... designed to contain last 33 nucleotides of E.coli C29 lacI DNA binding domain gene, followed by the stop codon “TAA” and 20 nucleotides flanking the kanamycin resistance cassette contained in the pACYC177 plasmid. The reverse primer was designed to contain 36 nucleotides of E.coli C29 lacI gene, fol ...
... designed to contain last 33 nucleotides of E.coli C29 lacI DNA binding domain gene, followed by the stop codon “TAA” and 20 nucleotides flanking the kanamycin resistance cassette contained in the pACYC177 plasmid. The reverse primer was designed to contain 36 nucleotides of E.coli C29 lacI gene, fol ...
DNA vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting an animal against disease by injecting it with genetically engineered DNA so cells directly produce an antigen, resulting in a protective immunological response. Several DNA vaccines have been released for veterinary use, and there has been promising research using the vaccines for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases, as well as to several tumour types. Although only one DNA vaccine has been approved for human use, DNA vaccines may have a number of potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types.