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Smallpox (variola virus)
Smallpox (variola virus)

... Although smallpox has been globally eradicated, it is still considered as potentially one of the most dangerous biological weapons, because most of the global population has not been vaccinated against the virus and the immunity of those who have been vaccinated has dwindled. Since the virus no long ...
7.014 Problem Set 6 Solutions
7.014 Problem Set 6 Solutions

... As a junior Drosophologist, you discover a mutation that results in flies with curly wings. You gather 30 curlywinged flies and perform the following P0 and F1 crosses and receive the results below: ...
semester_2_final_study_guide_
semester_2_final_study_guide_

... Where is the kinetochore found in a chromosome and what is its function? In which stages of the cell cycle can transcription happen? Explain the difference between the two Gap phases, G1 and G2. What is karyokinesis? What is a centrosome and what is its role in cell division? What are the two types ...
Shetti, a simple tool to parse, manipulate and search large datasets
Shetti, a simple tool to parse, manipulate and search large datasets

... sequences. The Shetti tool can be used to search for a sequence, species, protein/gene or pattern/motif. Moreover, it can also be used to construct a universal consensus or molecular signatures for proteins based on their physical characteristics. Shetti is an efficient and fast tool that can deal w ...
Understanding Our Environment
Understanding Our Environment

...  Nucleotides added to single stranded DNA molecule by RNA polymerase. - Only portions of the genome replicated.  Remainder is noncoding DNA. Stern - Introductory Plant Biology: 9th Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Companies ...
Structures in the lac
Structures in the lac

... 1) Repressor site: broken, doesn't allow the production of the lac repressor 2) Operator: broken, won't allow binding of the repressor 3) Promotor: broken, won't allow binding of the RNA polymerase 4) LacY: broken, doesn't produce the B-galactoside permease to transport lactose into the cell 5) LacZ ...
Supplemental material
Supplemental material

... Figure S2.  Premature loss of third chromosome cohesion in solo mutants. The dodeca repeats adjacent to the third chromosome centromere were visualized by FISH using a labeled dodeca probe, and DNA was stained by DAPI. (A) dodeca cohesion in WT primary spermatocytes. Two dodeca foci, each represent ...
RNA Tertiary Structure
RNA Tertiary Structure

... results in proteins? • Of all RNA, transcribed in higher eukaryotes, 98% are never translated into proteins. • Of those 98%, about 50-70% are introns • 4% of total RNA is made of coding RNA • The rest originate from non-protein genes, including rRNA, tRNA and a vast number of other non-coding RNAs ( ...
Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2000, p
Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2000, p

... dependent activity of the histone H4 gene promoter (24, 43). All highly conserved nucleotide motifs in the consensus H4 site II sequence are absolutely conserved in the proximal promoter region of all known vertebrate H10 genes (Fig. 1B). These observations strongly suggest that at least in prolife ...
Maternal plasma folate during pregnancy impacts differential DNA
Maternal plasma folate during pregnancy impacts differential DNA

... • A differentially methylated region (DMR) is a genomic region with multiple adjacent CpG sites that exhibit different methylation statuses among multiple samples • Identification of DMRs as opposed to single CpGs is conceptually consistent with what is known about DNA methylation patterns in the hu ...
Solutions - International Junior Science Olympiad
Solutions - International Junior Science Olympiad

... opening between Y and Z makes blood flow from Z to Y as normal. ...
Bioinformatics - Sequences and Computers
Bioinformatics - Sequences and Computers

... Learn how information-bearing sequences are different from random sequences and become familiar with bioinformatics tools for the analysis of sequences. Language and DNA use sequences to communicate information. The sequence elements in language are letters and punctuation, in DNA they are the nucle ...
Python Practice
Python Practice

... #Explanation: If expression is true Action1 will be executed, if expression is false Action2 will be executed. #Important!!! Indentation: Action1 and Action2 have to be shifted Type the following, observe the result: ...
Supplementary Information 410 475
Supplementary Information 410 475

... Comparison of vertebrate TSG amino acid sequences. (A) Alignment of TSG amino acid sequences for human (hTSG), mouse (mTSG), chick (cTSG), Xenopus (xTSG), and zebrafish (zTSG) with Drosophila TSG (dTSG) amino acid sequences6 and those of two recently reported gene products of the Drosophila genome ( ...
Gene expression profiles in rice gametes and zygotes: identification
Gene expression profiles in rice gametes and zygotes: identification

... ovaries; therefore, these processes are poorly elucidated. In this study, microarray-based transcriptome analyses were conducted on rice sperm cells, egg cells, and zygotes isolated from flowers to identify candidate genes involved in gametic and/or early zygotic development. Cell type-specific tran ...
Fertility, Reproduction, and Genetic Disease
Fertility, Reproduction, and Genetic Disease

... the origin of germ cells throughout the male's reproductive life, and their permanence provides the only germ-cell stage wherein genetic damage can accumulate through time and thereby pose an increasing risk of genetic damage to the progeny. Further, gene mutations are less likely than chromosomal d ...
Confounding Factors for Hamilton`s Rule
Confounding Factors for Hamilton`s Rule

... Intuitive considerations suggest that perhaps it cannot. Let G be a gene coding for kin altruism. Suppose that G has spread to fixation and consider the effect of the appearance of a selfish mutant H. The altruistic effects of G work only slightly to its benefit, since it comprises nearly the entire ...
Understanding the Human Karyotype - Dr. Jackson
Understanding the Human Karyotype - Dr. Jackson

... 2.  In this case, the best starting study would be to do GTG­banding on peripheral blood  samples. Couples having a chromosomal anomaly with a history of spontaneous  miscarriages tend to have balanced rearrangements, so the CGH approaches (array or  chromosomal) would not be informative. You do not ...
Detection of complex mutations in Swedish FAP familes
Detection of complex mutations in Swedish FAP familes

... deletions are shown in fig1A-D and table1. Table 1 gives the extensions of the abbreviations, the deleted regions nand the results of the exon expression analysis. The exon expression arrays results include the three different transcripts generated from the promotor 1A and 1B (expression fold change ...
Protein-protein interaction and pathway databases, a graphical review
Protein-protein interaction and pathway databases, a graphical review

... A plasmid containing the DNA encoding the DNA-binding domain of a transcription factor needed to turn on expression of a "reporter gene" such as the lacZ gene (that encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase) coupled to the DNA encoding the "target" protein (the protein whose possible partners we wish to id ...
References - Plant Developmental Biology
References - Plant Developmental Biology

... affords the ability to collect sharply defined images of cellular components or of cells as a whole. A fundamental aspect of confocal microscopy is the use of fluorescent molecules. Fluorescent dyes and fluorescent protein tags, such as GFP, are used to highlight known structures within cells. When ...
Oncomedicine Base Excision Repair Manipulation in Breast
Oncomedicine Base Excision Repair Manipulation in Breast

... therapy and surgery. But, discernible bottleneck is the less response towards genomic insults due to the acquired survival strategy by breast carcinoma [1, 3, 25]. Specifically, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) referred as hormone receptor negative (hormone insensitive) and HER-2 negative displ ...
lecture 1 File
lecture 1 File

... more individual viruses of the same type infect a cell, their genomes may recombine with each other to produce recombinant virus progeny. Both DNA and RNA viruses can undergo recombination. When two or more viruses, each containing lethal genomic damage infect the same host cell, the virus genomes o ...
Parathyroid
Parathyroid

... Nucleotide sequences of the parathyroid (PTH) gene of 12 species of primates belonging to suborder Anthropoidea were examined. The PTH gene contains one intron that separates two exons that code the sequence of prepro and PTH, respectively. The intron of the PTH gene in Cebus apella, Callithrix jacc ...
1b. Mendalian Genetics Definitions
1b. Mendalian Genetics Definitions

... 7. The eye colour of flies can either be red or white. Two red-eyed flies were bred and produced a white-eyed offspring. Which trait – red-eyed or white-eyed – is dominant, and which is recessive. Explain. ...
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Vectors in gene therapy

Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
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