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Rapid generation of nested chromosomal
Rapid generation of nested chromosomal

... Fig. 2. Strategy for generation of nested deletions on mouse chromosome 2 by a combined targeted兾random approach. (A) The Notch1 gene was targeted to insert a cassette consisting of neo, a loxP site, and tk. A targeted line was selected, and a linearized vector consisting of a stuffer fragment of b ...
Sarah M. Assmann - Personal.psu.edu
Sarah M. Assmann - Personal.psu.edu

... Mullen, MA, Assmann, SM, Bevilacqua, PC. 2012. Toward a digital gene response: RNA Gquadruplexes with fewer quartets fold with higher co-operativity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134: 812-815. doi: 10.1021/ja2096255. Li, J., Kinoshita, K., Pandey, S., Ng, C K-Y., Gygi, S.P., Shimazaki, K-I., and Assmann, S.M. ...
publication
publication

... the shuffling of exons during protein evolution. Allied with this hypothesis was the notion that exons encoded structural and/or functional domains of proteins. Although several notable examples of the latter have been demonstrated, and indeed the presence of introns in such cases could reasonably m ...
The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy
The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy

... advance to the equatorial division in meiosis II, producing predominantly unreduced gametes.26,27 Mutations in several other genes lead to the production of unreduced gametes by affecting different meiotic and mitotic steps. For example, mutations in the gene for the GLUCAN SYNTHASE LIKE 8 protein, ...
Cell and Molecular Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology

...  Building up cells and cellular components  Photosynthesis ...
How were introns inserted into nuclear genes?
How were introns inserted into nuclear genes?

... had b e e n >50. Across a whole serine protease gene, this w o u l d mean an average exon length of <14 bp, which could not e n c o d e a structural motif even if it were plausible. Nor can the discordant positions of introns be accounted for by movement, as many of them would have to have moved acr ...
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis

... – No oxygen to form ozone layer • Ozone layer protects against UV radiation ...
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Bone and Soft
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Bone and Soft

... have been shown to have numerous cytogenetic and molecular changes. In the case of the former tumors, this may be indicative of biologic tumor progression; in the case of the latter tumors, some of the changes may be primary and causative, whereas others may be of a secondary nature. In most of thes ...
Mutations in the Anopheles gambiae Pink
Mutations in the Anopheles gambiae Pink

... groups were initially unknown, the strains were named ml-m7. All m4 individuals died as pupae, and m6 males had testes with underdeveloped sperm and were infertile. These two lines therefore could not be established or studied in detail. Of the remaining five, all were fully fertile and viable at al ...
Efficient Screening of CRISPR/Cas9
Efficient Screening of CRISPR/Cas9

... with this e guide, we calculated both the percentage of injected individuals that produced ebony offspring, and also the percentage of e within each individual F1 brood. Sixty-eight fertile P animals were obtained from the mutagenesis experiments, and 43 from the knock-in experiments. Individual P w ...
Molecular and General Genetics
Molecular and General Genetics

... PhoE protein serves as (part of) the receptor for phage TC45 and its host range derivative TC45hrN3, and OmpF protein functions as (part of) the receptor for phages TuIa and K20. Strain CE1265 containing pJP47 turned out to be resistant to phages TC45, TuIa and K20 but sensitive to TC45hrN3. Phage a ...
Inheritance of Retinal Degenerations
Inheritance of Retinal Degenerations

... is inherited in that family. Nevertheless, to assess the risk of retinal degeneration occurring in other family members, it must be assumed that the disease is following one of the known inheritance patterns. Isolated cases of retinal degeneration most often represent autosomal recessive disease. Ev ...
Debunking Key and Lock Biology: Exploring the prevalence and
Debunking Key and Lock Biology: Exploring the prevalence and

... a- there is randomness associated with finding a mate. b- not all alleles are passed from parent to offspring. c- it is associated with an increase in mutation rate. d- it produces new combinations of alleles. NA- No answer 24- How is genetic drift like molecular diffusion? Answer a- Both are the re ...
GENETICS OF BACTERIOCINS BIOSYNTHESIS BY LACTIC ACID
GENETICS OF BACTERIOCINS BIOSYNTHESIS BY LACTIC ACID

... divergens (21); the two-component bacteriocin enterocin P synthesized by Enterococcus faecium (22) and many others. Probably one of the best characterized bacteriocins is the lantibiotc nisin allowed in many countries as a food preservative. Nisin is produced by Lactococcus lactis and its genetic de ...
Homology - a persona..
Homology - a persona..

... in Fig. 1), should be used whenever that relation is known or assumed, and the term homolog should be reserved for those cases where (a) homology can be inferred but not the subtype, or (b) the assertion is correct for all subtypes. If there is more than one ortholog, which one is ‘correct’? There i ...
Deconstructing host-pathogen interactions in Drosophila
Deconstructing host-pathogen interactions in Drosophila

... interactions; these findings can then be applied to studies in higher organisms. We first briefly summarize the general strategies by which Drosophila resists and responds to pathogens. We then focus on how recently developed genomewide RNA interference (RNAi) screens conducted in cells and flies, c ...
INHERITANCE OF RETINAL DEGENERATIONS
INHERITANCE OF RETINAL DEGENERATIONS

... is inherited in that family. Nevertheless, to assess the risk of retinal degeneration occurring in other family members, it must be assumed that the disease is following one of the known inheritance patterns. Isolated cases of retinal degeneration most often represent autosomal recessive disease. Ev ...
Genetica per Scienze Naturali aa 04
Genetica per Scienze Naturali aa 04

... diagram shows unequal crossover between mis-aligned Z repeats producing a chromosome carrying only one active α gene. Unequal crossovers between X repeats have a similar effect. Unequal crossovers between other repeats (not shown) can produce chromosomes carrying no functional α gene. Individuals ma ...
Residue 2 residue statistics
Residue 2 residue statistics

... any non-hydrogen atoms within each residue are within 3.5 Å of each other.  Statistics are ONLY collected for interactions of residues within the same protein of the viral capsid.  All viruses used have icosahedral symmetry.  A protein was used to collect statistics if it was a ...
Differential chromatin packaging of genomic
Differential chromatin packaging of genomic

... (Fig. 5C). Allele-specific DNase I sensitivity was also found in transcribed alleles. In addition to the DNase I sensitivity we examined expression and methylation of Zfp127. F1 mice of the reciprocal crosses both showed expression of paternal alleles of the Zfp127 gene but not of the Ube3a gene (Fi ...
Conservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the
Conservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the

... gene families that regulate major aspects of body patterning, for instance many homeobox-containing genes [9,10], which are even present in the Cnidaria [11]. Recent findings show that morphologically simple organisms often possess genes, such as members of the pax gene family, that are homologous a ...
Volume 18 - Number 9 September 2014 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Volume 18 - Number 9 September 2014 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... patients with various stages, lower expression of XB130 mRNA as well as protein is significantly correlated with reduced patient survival time and shorter disease-free period (Shi et al., 2012). ...
Discussion of Poultry Genetics
Discussion of Poultry Genetics

... Considering the (A, a) of the drawing to be (R, r), the possible combinations of the first rose comb gene  pair with the pea comb gene pairs are: (R, r) with (P, p) twice [we get this combination twice], and (R, r)  with (p, p) twice. The second rose comb gene pair with the pea comb genes gives the ...
Rolling circle transcription on smallest size double stranded DNA
Rolling circle transcription on smallest size double stranded DNA

... While DNA is much more stable than its twin RNA owing to the absence of the latter’s ribose 2’ Hydroxyl group it is still very much affected by its surroundings. The major modes of damage to hydrolysed DNA are depurination of the sugar base, deamination of the base itself and general oxidative proce ...
Biology Standards Clarification
Biology Standards Clarification

... short- and long-term equilibrium. Explain that complex interactions among the different kinds of molecules in the cell cause distinct cycles of activities, such as growth and division. Note that cell behavior can also be affected by molecules from other parts of the organism, such as hormones. (reco ...
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Vectors in gene therapy

Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
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