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Characterizing Nekton use of the Largest Unfished Oyster Reef in
Characterizing Nekton use of the Largest Unfished Oyster Reef in

... Lipcius 2003). Oyster reef restoration is used to ameliorate lost ecosystem services such as fish production (e.g., Peterson et al. 2003, Luckenbach et al. 2005), but an ongoing challenge is to describe the natural condition to which a system can be restored (Seaman 2007). Although previous studies c ...
Conceptual Ecological Modelling of Shallow Sublittoral Sand
Conceptual Ecological Modelling of Shallow Sublittoral Sand

... unimpacted state of the environment free from anthropogenic pressures. The project scope included the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) predominant habitat type ‘shallow sublittoral sand’. This definition includes those habitats which fall into the EUNIS Level 4 classifications A5.23 Infral ...
spatial variation in molluscan assemblages from coralline turfs of
spatial variation in molluscan assemblages from coralline turfs of

... (Hoffman, Nunez & Piccolo, 1997), and there is a large tidal range (between 4 and 9 m). Wave exposure of these shores varied from sheltered (Piedras Coloradas, Punta Mejillón and Punta Ameghino), medium exposure (Puerto Lobos and Bahı́a Camarones) to relatively exposed (Punta Ninfas, Comodoro Rivad ...
Loggerhead Shrike Prairie subspecies
Loggerhead Shrike Prairie subspecies

... the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) in 2004 because this bird has exhibited significant population declines over the past 35 years. It was listed as Threatened under Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act in 2005. Threats to Prairie Loggerhead Shrike populations on ...
Growling Grass Frog Habitat Assessment and Mapping: PSP 1067
Growling Grass Frog Habitat Assessment and Mapping: PSP 1067

... has declined markedly across much of this former range (Ashworth 1998; Wassens 2008). This is particularly evident in south and central Victoria where populations have experienced widespread declines and local extinctions (Mahoney 1999; DEPI 2013d). The Growling Grass Frog is well known in areas to ...
Habitat Cascades: The Conceptual Context and
Habitat Cascades: The Conceptual Context and

... the concept of facilitation cascades based on an empirical example. However, the article did not discuss whether similar processes occur in other ecosystems, and only touched briefly upon how facilitation cascades relate to other forms of indirect positive effects. Here, we expand the conceptual con ...
Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and
Individual dispersal, landscape connectivity and

... II. Individual dispersal and the linkage strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) Costs and benefits of dispersal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
fluence benthic community assemblages in seagrass Examining how landscapes in
fluence benthic community assemblages in seagrass Examining how landscapes in

... likely influences the survival of infaunal invertebrates and community structure within the mudflat. Structured habitats such as seagrass beds provide refuge for intermediate predators and allow them to move more freely around estuaries, which can increase their foraging efficiency and reduce competiti ...
THE HABITAT CONCEPT IN ORNITHOLOGY
THE HABITAT CONCEPT IN ORNITHOLOGY

... and approach to science also set the stage for the current era of quantitative habitat ecology in which we are presently immersed. Empirical work and syntheses by Herbert Stoddard (1931), David Lack (1933), and Aldo Leopold (1933) suggested even further that it should be possible to predict presence ...
Habitat-dependent foraging in a classic predatorа/prey system: a
Habitat-dependent foraging in a classic predatorа/prey system: a

... One of the lessons included in Eq. 3 is that a field ecologist is likely to observe a tight fit to a prey isodar only when predator numbers are linked closely to those of the prey. To make the lesson more transparent, imagine that the attack rate in habitat 2 exceeds that in habitat 1. Note that the ...
Bio-Diversity, Extinction, and Incentives to Save/Exterminate Species
Bio-Diversity, Extinction, and Incentives to Save/Exterminate Species

... • Promote recognition of bison as a species of common concern at the North American level by the trilateral committee and Commission for Environmental Cooperation of NAFTA. • Make progress on gaps in knowledge base – genetic, ecological impacts – prior to start of reintroduction efforts; develop soc ...
SPECIES ACCOUNT – SNOWSHOE HARE (m
SPECIES ACCOUNT – SNOWSHOE HARE (m

... Snowshoe hares are crepuscular mammals who remain active all winter. Their activity is governed by light. They are more active on cloudy winter afternoons than on sunny days and are very active during moonlit nights. Wind and light are a main deterrent to widespread foraging. When not foraging, snow ...
Perry J, Fisher A and Palmer C (2011)
Perry J, Fisher A and Palmer C (2011)

... all of which occupy a narrow range of habitats. This habitat specialisation is thought to be a function of limited dispersal ability, which makes them particularly vulnerable to changes in land management that may affect their preferred habitat configuration. Several small studies have identified clea ...
Introduction - A New Development @ Chavoux.com
Introduction - A New Development @ Chavoux.com

... capacity as “the concept of vegetation-ungulate equilibrium” resulting in a continuous line of possible values (for K) (Figure 2). Different people have called two points on this curve “carrying capacity”. The one is the point where the nutritional value available per individual animal has fallen to ...
Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp
Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp

... Vernal pool fairy shrimp are distributed from southern Oregon to southern California in a wide variety of habitat types (Eriksen and Belk 1999). Soil types associated with vernal pool fairy shrimp vary greatly with geography and influence the ecology of the species. This species is usually associate ...
Habitat preferences and stocking densities of Bontebok in the
Habitat preferences and stocking densities of Bontebok in the

... of Bayesian probability (Shafer 1976) to better deal with uncertainty. It has been most widely used in Computer Science (Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems) (Yager et al. 1994). It differs from Bayesian statistics mainly in the following areas: 1) Because of uncertainty, the subjective probabi ...
Differential fitness in field and forest explains density
Differential fitness in field and forest explains density

... In this study, we tested the hypothesis that habitat selection by snakes is not a function of conspecific density because the fitness of snakes is more tightly linked to thermal quality, a non-depletable resource, than to the availability of depletable resources. More specifically, we tested the pre ...
Habitat Selection and Population Regulation in
Habitat Selection and Population Regulation in

... The idea behind isodar analysis is that the isodars can be estimated from census data on population density. Hence, a plot of population density in one habitat against population density in another habitat should tell us something about the relationship between fitness and density in each habitat, g ...
Johnson habitat quality
Johnson habitat quality

... fundamentally important for wildlife biologists. Indeed, for many biologists, “wildlife management is habitat management.” This is especially true in California, where the average human population density is >8 times higher than in the other 10 western states, and concomitant native habitat loss is ...
diversity, ecosystem function, and stability of parasitoid
diversity, ecosystem function, and stability of parasitoid

... resource complementarity has received significant attention in small-scale studies, it has been argued that complementary resource use by different species can only increase overall consumption when a diverse array of niches is available. This mechanism may therefore be more likely to operate in natu ...
Picture - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
Picture - Emanuel A. Fronhofer

... processes and interactions. These may be broadly classified into abiotic (landscape) and biotic forces, where the latter can be subdivided into intraspecific (on the levels of genes, individuals or populations) and interspecific forces (community level). Please note that this categorization may some ...
white rock wind farm pty limited
white rock wind farm pty limited

... The field work was undertaken in sections (please refer to Figure 1 which shows the study area and section numbers). The Little Eagle was recorded during field assessment in Section 1 of the study area. The Little Lorikeet was recorded within Section 3 and the Diamond Firetail was recorded within Se ...
Guidelines for managing the endangered Growling Grass Frog in
Guidelines for managing the endangered Growling Grass Frog in

... The Growling Grass Frog (Litoria raniformis) is a large, semi-aquatic tree-frog that is distributed widely across southern Australia, including eastern South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, southern New South Wales and (formerly) the Australian Capital Territory. Despite being once widespread and abu ...
The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in
The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in

... century, human activity has impacted connectivity through land-use change and associated habitat destruction and fragmentation, posing serious threats to biodiversity worldwide (Sala et al. 2000). As habitat is lost, landscapes become more fragmented and less connected, usually with negative effects ...
Marsh Bird Breeding Habitat
Marsh Bird Breeding Habitat

... Turtle - Open Water areas such as deeper rivers or streams and lakes with current can also be used as over-wintering habitat. ...
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Extinction debt

In ecology, extinction debt is the future extinction of species due to events in the past. Extinction debt occurs because of time delays between impacts on a species, such as destruction of habitat, and the species' ultimate disappearance. For instance, long-lived trees may survive for many years even after reproduction of new trees has become impossible, and thus they may be committed to extinction. Technically, extinction debt generally refers to the number of species in an area likely to go extinct, rather than the prospects of any one species, but colloquially it refers to any occurrence of delayed extinction.In discussions of threats to biodiversity, extinction debt is analogous to the ""climate commitment"" in climate change, which states that inertia will cause the earth to continue to warm for centuries even if no more greenhouse gasses are emitted. Similarly, the current extinction may continue long after human impacts on species halt.Extinction debt may be local or global, but most examples are local as these are easier to observe and model. It is most likely to be found in long-lived species and species with very specific habitat requirements (specialists). Extinction debt has important implications for conservation, as it implies that species may go extinct due to past habitat destruction, even if continued impacts cease, and that current reserves may not be sufficient to maintain the species that occupy them. Interventions such as habitat restoration may reverse extinction debt.Immigration credit is the corollary to extinction debt. It refers to the number of species likely to immigrate to an area after an event such as the restoration of an ecosystem.
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