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On joint maximum-likelihood estimation of PCR efficiency and initial
On joint maximum-likelihood estimation of PCR efficiency and initial

... DNA target molecules is derived. The mean-square error performance of the estimator is studied via simulations. The simulation results indicate that the proposed estimator significantly outperforms a competing technique. 1. SUMMARY The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for enz ...
Lec-GenomeAllignment2010
Lec-GenomeAllignment2010

... Three example linear genomes are broken into genes labeled A,B,C,D, and R. R is a multicopy (repetitive) gene, with different copies labeled using numeric subscripts. Each copy of R is assumed to be identical in sequence, so that orthology/paralogy is unknowable from nucleotide substitution (as is o ...
Comprehensive Analysis of RNA-Seq Data
Comprehensive Analysis of RNA-Seq Data

Lecture 8
Lecture 8

... * These paralogs are more similar to each other than to orthologs → result of duplication after the species split * The remaining 13% (=253 ORFs) perhaps older paralogs that have been lost in the other species due to specialisation ...
Deciphering Pathogens: Blueprints for New Medical Tools
Deciphering Pathogens: Blueprints for New Medical Tools

... Since the first genomic sequence of a bacterial pathogen was completed in 1995, pathogen genome sequencing efforts have continued to accelerate at an astonishing rate. The genomes of several dozen microbes known to cause disease in humans have now been sequenced, with more soon to be reported. An up ...
Exam 2 Key - UW Canvas
Exam 2 Key - UW Canvas

... b. Where is the fertilizin gene found in the cell? nucleus c. Where will fertilizin mRNA be spliced? nucleus d. Where is fertilizin protein primarily synthesized (be specific)? Rough ER e. Where does the completed fertilizin go to do its job? Plasma membrane (oocyte membrane) f. Which of the followi ...
Arthur Kornberg - Nobel Lecture
Arthur Kornberg - Nobel Lecture

... mechanism by which this super molecule is built up in the cell?" Some sixty years ago the alcoholic fermentation of sugar by a yeast cell was a "vital" process inseparable from the living cell, but through the Buchner discovery of fermentation in extracts and the march of enzymology during the first ...
Skeletal Dwarfism - Info on this condition
Skeletal Dwarfism - Info on this condition

... proportions are controlled by multiple genes and that you have some variability in the normal Labrador population regarding these traits. Two copies of the SD2 allele “will make the legs shorter” but this happens on a given genetic background. On a dog that otherwise might have had relatively long l ...
The biologic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid
The biologic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid

... mechanism by which this super molecule is built up in the cell?" Some sixty years ago the alcoholic fermentation of sugar by a yeast cell was a "vital" process inseparable from the living cell, but through the Buchner discovery of fermentation in extracts and the march of enzymology during the first ...
RNA Interference
RNA Interference

Bio 102 Practice Problems
Bio 102 Practice Problems

What Makes the “Blue” in Blueberries?
What Makes the “Blue” in Blueberries?

... Protein Structure • Myb proteins are defined by the Myb Domain • Sequence of approximately 50 amino acids • Can be repeated up to three times • Repeat domains are imperfect, but highly conserved ...
abstract
abstract

... of HIV-1 gag DNA sequences. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women were enrolled and followed after IUD insertion. The prevalence of HIV-1 DNA cervical shedding was 50% at baseline and 43% at follow-up [odds ratio (OR) 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5-1.2]. There was no statistically significant differenc ...
2005 Biology: Describe the transfer of genetic information (90163)
2005 Biology: Describe the transfer of genetic information (90163)

... significance of the outcome in identifying the parent genotype. Eg the white offspring show that the unknown genotype of the red plant must have included a white allele which combined with the white plants alleles to create the white plant. OR discusses fact that a heterozygous genotype can be deter ...
Different forms of the bovine PrP gene have five or six copies of a
Different forms of the bovine PrP gene have five or six copies of a

... five- and six-copy variants suggests that the mutant allele arose by insertion (by duplication and mutation) of the R3 element, nt 211 to 234 (Fig. 2b). Sequence analysis from three independent animals, one (6:5) heterozygote and two (6:6) homozygotes determined only one further polymorphism (a sile ...
DNA Transcription and Translation - MrsGorukhomework
DNA Transcription and Translation - MrsGorukhomework

... are polypeptides different? In their primary structure, they differ based on the amino acids - which ones are used and how they are bonded together. There are 20 different amino acids and they are used to make polypeptides. ( HL -remember, some are polar and some are non-polar) So, the DNA molecule ...
Retroviruses as Gene Therapy Vectors
Retroviruses as Gene Therapy Vectors

... •New Approaches – New Questions ...
Lab 10: part a
Lab 10: part a

... microscopes - leave the cover on the microtiter plate. GFP GFP, or green fluorescence protein, is becoming the reporter gene of choice for transgenic studies. As the name implies, the GFP gene product will fluoresce green under UV light. Using GFP allows plants to be scored without damaging the tiss ...
In Silico Mapping of Complex Disease
In Silico Mapping of Complex Disease

... Mapping genes for complex traits in crosses of inbred mouse strains I will refer you to the notes from Weeks 3 and 4 of my Stat 260, Spring 1998. There I describe mouse crosses and and linkage mapping methods for analyzing genome scans for localizing quantitative trait loci (genes) to regions of ch ...
Featured Content Essentials of Genetics Unit 1: What Is DNA? What
Featured Content Essentials of Genetics Unit 1: What Is DNA? What

... Unit 5: How Does Inheritance Operate at the Level of Whole Populations? Because DNA passes from parent to offspring, there is generally significant genetic similarity between the organisms in a population, provided that the members of this population have descended from common ancestors. For example ...
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Human Testis
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Human Testis

... Its Protein Product As shown in Fig. 2, the TSKS gene is formed of eleven exons and ten intervening introns, spanning an area of 23.6 kbp of genomic sequence on chromosome 19q13.3. The lengths of the coding exons are 181, 229, 96, 84, 84, 329, 195, 174, 136, 125, and 173 bp, respectively of which th ...
Q1. (a) Describe what happens to chromosomes in meiosis
Q1. (a) Describe what happens to chromosomes in meiosis

... (a) There are two forms of nitrogen. These different forms are called isotopes. 15N is a heavier isotope than the normal isotope 14N. In an investigation, a culture of bacteria was obtained in which all the nitrogen in the DNA was of the 15N form. The bacteria (generation 0) were transferred to a me ...
7. APPLICATIONS - UTH e
7. APPLICATIONS - UTH e

... Microsatellite DNA Methodology Microsatellites (sometimes referred to as a variable number of tandem repeats or VNTRs) are short segments of DNA that have a repeated sequence such as CACACACA, and they tend to occur in non-coding DNA. In some microsatellites, the repeated unit (e.g. CA) may occu ...
DNA: The Genetic Material
DNA: The Genetic Material

... template. DNA ligase joins the fragments after DNA polymerase I removes the primers. ...
Module 2: T-COFFEE & Module 8: Horizontal Gene Transfer
Module 2: T-COFFEE & Module 8: Horizontal Gene Transfer

... • T-COFFEE – Tree-based Consistency Objective Function for alignment Evaluation • Focuses on orthologous gene sequences • Used to generate multiple sequence alignments ...
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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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