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towards synthetic plant genomes, transcriptomes and epigenomes
towards synthetic plant genomes, transcriptomes and epigenomes

... binding specificity so that multiple different but closely related similar sites could be recognized by one and the same DNA-binding domain. The specificity, particularly of zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), was often just not good enough to target only one site in a large eukaryotic genome. Other unwan ...
Epigenetics When the human genome project was completed many
Epigenetics When the human genome project was completed many

... effected by not only what you do but also what your parents did. For example, a recent analysis of the very detailed records of northern European town shows very distinct relationships between famine and the life expectancy’s of children born years after the famine. Recently several projects have be ...
Lessons 9
Lessons 9

... All of this information from the work of Miescher, Levene and Hammerling, gave scientists the idea that the nucleus held the hereditary information but they were unsure as to what portion of the nuclear components were responsible. Some suspected that is was DNA but others thought the molecule was t ...
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

... 28.17 kDa. Database searches revealed that the amino acid sequence of the SwDREB1 protein contains a conserved, 63 amino acid, DNA-binding domain that is present in a large family of plant DNA-binding proteins. Its N-terminal includes a basic residue, PKKRAGRKKFRETRHP, which might function as a nucl ...
Ribosomal RNA Genes Investigation Part I: Gene Copy Number The
Ribosomal RNA Genes Investigation Part I: Gene Copy Number The

... 20th Century molecular biology was recognizing the essential role of rRNAs, and the Harry Noller Lab at UCSC made sustained and essential contributions to this field of research. Let's see if we can use some basic bioinformatics tools to learn more about the functional organization and evolution of ...
Text S1
Text S1

... wrong site or at too many loci in the genome. Targets that failed to produce usable data proved in many cases to be repetitive elements, which are known to be especially common in elephantids [2,3], and may not have been filtered out by the RepeatMasker software because it does not incorporate elep ...
Document
Document

... © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
CD99 and CD99L2 are Mediators of Homotypic Adhesion in Human
CD99 and CD99L2 are Mediators of Homotypic Adhesion in Human

... • MLL2 (encoded by KTM2D) mutations common in lethal, castration resistant prostate cancers. • MLL2 is a histone methyltransferase. • In AML, MLL2 mutations are common, and Hoxa9 overexpression is required for survival of MLL2-mutant cells. ...
Sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA molecules reveals
Sequence analysis of three mitochondrial DNA molecules reveals

... transcribed from one strand, except for tRNAThr1CUN (1, reviewed in 2). The yeast mitochondrial genetic code is used in translation and differs from the universal code by AUA being read as methionine, UGA as tryptophan and CUN as threonine. The S.cerevisiae mtDNA is characterised by a very low GC co ...
Gene Hunting for the Cystic Fibrosis gene - CusMiBio
Gene Hunting for the Cystic Fibrosis gene - CusMiBio

... BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) finds regions of local similarity between sequences (homology regions). The program compares nucleotide or protein sequences to sequence databases and calculates the statistical significance of matches. BLAST can be used to infer functional and evolutionary ...
Kernels for gene regulatory regions
Kernels for gene regulatory regions

... sequences. While various motif-based sequence kernels have been described in the literature (e.g., [3, 4, 5]), these kernels typically operate on sequences from a single species, ignoring relevant information from orthologous sequences. In contrast, our hierarchy of motif-based kernels accounts for ...
5. Harmful mutations
5. Harmful mutations

... - each type of base on one strand forms a bond with just one type of base on the other strand in accordance with Chargaffs’ rules. This is called complementary base pairing. - different functions of complementary chains: coding chain and template chain - efficiency of replication and transcription p ...
Sur-8(lf)
Sur-8(lf)

... Rapp, Thomas M. Roberts and Lewis T. Williams: Direct activation of the serine/threonine kinase activity of raf-1 through tyrosine phosphorylation by the PDGF receptor We have examined the interaction between the serine/threonine kinase protooncogene product Raf-1 and the tyrosine kinase PDGF beta-r ...
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology

... EECS 600: Systems Biology & Bioinformatics ...
blast
blast

... The Expect value (E) is a parameter that describes the number of “hits” one can "expect" to see just by chance when searching a database of a particular size. It decreases exponentially as the Similarity Score (S) increases (inverse relationship). The higher the Similarity Score, the lower the E val ...
2015.04.09.UMinn Resurgence of Ref Quality Genomes
2015.04.09.UMinn Resurgence of Ref Quality Genomes

... •  Extremely high sequence identity (>99.9%) •  Thousands of gaps filled, hundreds of mis-assemblies corrected •  Complete gene models, promoter regions for nearly every gene •  True representation of transposons and other complex features •  Opportunities for studying large scale chromosome evoluti ...
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology

... EECS 600: Systems Biology & Bioinformatics ...
A unique pattern of intrastrand anomalies in base
A unique pattern of intrastrand anomalies in base

... function in O.nova in Table 1 the leaders and trailers have average lengths of 299 bp (range, 82 to 1153) and 228 bp (range, 91 to 446), respectively. Forty-one molecules from Euplotes species (Table 2) serve as a comparison group. Although Euplotes is a hypotrich, it is very distantly related to th ...
Multiple Mechanisms Contribute to Lateral Transfer of an
Multiple Mechanisms Contribute to Lateral Transfer of an

... ATCC 27551 that encodes genes for organophosphate degradation (opd), revealed the existence of a sitespecific integrase (int) gene with an attachment site attP, typically seen in integrative mobilizable elements (IME). In agreement with this sequence information, site-specific recombination was observ ...
Sequence Analysis
Sequence Analysis

... Most general packages include tools to access local sequence databases EMBOSS programs can access sequences from remote SRS servers ...
Sequenced Generation
Sequenced Generation

... genome changed our perspective of ourselves through insights into diseases and personalized medicine, and the interest and promises of our dynamic “second genome”, the microbiome. These will be achieved through reading of published books and primary scientific literature, as well as scientific comme ...
Homology-based cloning and expression analysis of Rf genes
Homology-based cloning and expression analysis of Rf genes

... used as seeds for a second round of BLAST analysis. In total, more than 100 relevant sequences (fragments) were identified, from which we chose the 14 most probable sequences with feasibly long coding regions for further analysis. Each sequence was used in BLAST against the draft genome database to ...
printer-friendly version of benchmark
printer-friendly version of benchmark

... variety of traits found in most organisms. Scientists believed proteins were more likely the genetic material because there were a greater variety of proteins known. Many experiments were done to find out which molecule contained the genetic material, but none definitively showed it was DNA until th ...
6 Core Chapter 6
6 Core Chapter 6

... • As we study the genome, it actually becomes harder to find one definition. • For now, we can define a gene as a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Houlihan2 - IP Australia
Houlihan2 - IP Australia

... the manufacture of the polypeptide chains comprising the relevant protein. That manufacture takes place in the ribosomes located in the cytoplasm. The RNA sequence is scanned in groups of codons which each define a specific amino acid. Depending upon which strand of DNA is read and the start site fo ...
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Helitron (biology)

A helitron is a transposon found in eukaryotes that is thought to replicate by a so-called ""rolling-circle"" mechanism. This category of transposons was discovered by Vladimir Kapitonov and Jerzy Jurka in 2001. The rolling-circle process begins with a break being made at the terminus of a single strand of the helitron DNA. Transposase then sits at this break and at another break where the helitron targets as a migration site. The strand is then displaced from its original location at the site of the break and attached to the target break, forming a circlular heteroduplex. This heteroduplex is then resolved into a flat piece of DNA via replication. During the rolling-circle process, DNA can be replicated beyond the initial helitron sequence, resulting in the flanking regions of DNA being ""captured"" by the helitron as it moves to a new location.
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