Supporting Information Notes S4 Molecular constraints of Pi
... 1) RNase. Although considerable amounts of Pi are present in P-lipids and P-monoesters, the nucleic acids, in particular rRNA, are an important source of C, N and especially P. The level of DNA in a senescing cell appears to remain relatively constant as senescence progresses. By contrast, rRNA leve ...
... 1) RNase. Although considerable amounts of Pi are present in P-lipids and P-monoesters, the nucleic acids, in particular rRNA, are an important source of C, N and especially P. The level of DNA in a senescing cell appears to remain relatively constant as senescence progresses. By contrast, rRNA leve ...
Gene Switches—A Lego Model
... Noncoding DNA: Noncoding DNA is part of DNA that is not eventually translated into amino acids. If the noncoding sections are part of a gene, they are referred to as introns. Introns are transcribed into mRNA along with exons, but are spliced out so they are never translated. DNA sequences between g ...
... Noncoding DNA: Noncoding DNA is part of DNA that is not eventually translated into amino acids. If the noncoding sections are part of a gene, they are referred to as introns. Introns are transcribed into mRNA along with exons, but are spliced out so they are never translated. DNA sequences between g ...
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... Hammond et al. 2001b). Short hairpin sequences encoded in the genome also appear to enter the RNAi pathway and function to regulate the expression of endogenous, protein-coding genes (Grishok et al. 2001; Hutvagner et al. 2001; Ketting et al. 2001; Knight and Bass 2001; Hutvagner and Zamore 2002). A ...
... Hammond et al. 2001b). Short hairpin sequences encoded in the genome also appear to enter the RNAi pathway and function to regulate the expression of endogenous, protein-coding genes (Grishok et al. 2001; Hutvagner et al. 2001; Ketting et al. 2001; Knight and Bass 2001; Hutvagner and Zamore 2002). A ...
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of
... presence of grassy, beany and rancid off-flavour. The lipoxygenase-2 (LOX-2) is the key enzyme responsible for the production of volatiles released from the beans, which cause off-flavour in soy products. In this study, a 2.6-kb full-length lox2 gene (NCBI accession No. JQ929619.1) was isolated and ...
... presence of grassy, beany and rancid off-flavour. The lipoxygenase-2 (LOX-2) is the key enzyme responsible for the production of volatiles released from the beans, which cause off-flavour in soy products. In this study, a 2.6-kb full-length lox2 gene (NCBI accession No. JQ929619.1) was isolated and ...
7.1 The lac Operon
... Effects of mutations in the three lac operators. MüllerHill and colleagues placed wild-type and mutated lac operon fragments on l phage DNA and allowed these DNAs to lysogenize E. coli cells (Chapter 8). This introduced these lac fragments, containing the three operators, the lac promoter, and the ...
... Effects of mutations in the three lac operators. MüllerHill and colleagues placed wild-type and mutated lac operon fragments on l phage DNA and allowed these DNAs to lysogenize E. coli cells (Chapter 8). This introduced these lac fragments, containing the three operators, the lac promoter, and the ...
In vivo evidence for the prokaryotic model of extended codon
... (lane 1), a well-de®ned set of proteins is labeled in WT cells, including cyt f, as evidenced by the speci®c absence of this species in strain DpetA, in which the petA gene is deleted (lane 2). Apart from these controls, the results showed that the ectopic expression of either the WT-A37, U37 or G37 ...
... (lane 1), a well-de®ned set of proteins is labeled in WT cells, including cyt f, as evidenced by the speci®c absence of this species in strain DpetA, in which the petA gene is deleted (lane 2). Apart from these controls, the results showed that the ectopic expression of either the WT-A37, U37 or G37 ...
Molecular Determinants of Alphavirus Neurovirulence: Nucleotide
... D N A complementary to the 26S region of viral 42S RNA was prepared for cloning into pUC18 by priming at the T-end of the genome, as previously described (Kinney et al., 1986). Restriction fragments of the cloned cDNA, designated pTC-5, were subcloned into M 13 phages mpl0 and mpl 1. The entire sequ ...
... D N A complementary to the 26S region of viral 42S RNA was prepared for cloning into pUC18 by priming at the T-end of the genome, as previously described (Kinney et al., 1986). Restriction fragments of the cloned cDNA, designated pTC-5, were subcloned into M 13 phages mpl0 and mpl 1. The entire sequ ...
www.mbio.ncsu.edu
... genes, further suggesting that this replicon was a plasmid recruited to become a chromosome encoding essential genes (Fig. 1; Supplemental Table 2). Genes around the origin of replication in chromosome display a high level of synteny with genes of other known proteobacteria. chrI codes for nine rDNA ...
... genes, further suggesting that this replicon was a plasmid recruited to become a chromosome encoding essential genes (Fig. 1; Supplemental Table 2). Genes around the origin of replication in chromosome display a high level of synteny with genes of other known proteobacteria. chrI codes for nine rDNA ...
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... through functional analysis [3]. Concomitant with the rapid accumulation of available genetic information, this reverse genetics approach is increasingly used for strain improvement in this synthetic biology age [4]. Specific genes residing in bacterial genomes (or chromosomal DNA) are targeted by v ...
... through functional analysis [3]. Concomitant with the rapid accumulation of available genetic information, this reverse genetics approach is increasingly used for strain improvement in this synthetic biology age [4]. Specific genes residing in bacterial genomes (or chromosomal DNA) are targeted by v ...
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... are expressed when the r gene product is inactive due to the rnon nonsense mutation. Model: The r+ gene product is an active activator in its native state and turns Z operon expression ON. The active activator binds Z (or its derivative) and this complex is inactive as an activator; thus the Z opero ...
... are expressed when the r gene product is inactive due to the rnon nonsense mutation. Model: The r+ gene product is an active activator in its native state and turns Z operon expression ON. The active activator binds Z (or its derivative) and this complex is inactive as an activator; thus the Z opero ...
Molecular analysis of the operon which encodes the
... 17959,32492 and 9810 Da; maxicell and T7 promoter studies showed that four polypeptides of similar molecular masses were expressed from this region. The amino acid sequence of the 17959 Da polypeptide showed homology to the enzyme IIA domains of several proteins of the bacterial sugar phosphotransfe ...
... 17959,32492 and 9810 Da; maxicell and T7 promoter studies showed that four polypeptides of similar molecular masses were expressed from this region. The amino acid sequence of the 17959 Da polypeptide showed homology to the enzyme IIA domains of several proteins of the bacterial sugar phosphotransfe ...
DNA: The Genetic Material
... Experiments during the 1960s demonstrated that the DNA code was a three-base code. ...
... Experiments during the 1960s demonstrated that the DNA code was a three-base code. ...
Multi-Volume Analysis of Nucleic Acids Using the Epoch
... The isolation of DNA and RNA from a wide range of samples provides the starting material for a diverse array of applications. Common samples are: 1. tissues of various origins, including human biopsies, animal models, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections 2. body fluids including blood and bucc ...
... The isolation of DNA and RNA from a wide range of samples provides the starting material for a diverse array of applications. Common samples are: 1. tissues of various origins, including human biopsies, animal models, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections 2. body fluids including blood and bucc ...
Gene overexpression reveals alternative
... imposed by this selection, due to their inability to induce translation of GCN4 mRNA and consequently transcription of the HIS3 gene (Driscoll Penn et al., 1983). Out of the 20,000 initial transformants, 37 were resistant to 3-AT and in 24 of those, this resistance was accompanied by induction of GC ...
... imposed by this selection, due to their inability to induce translation of GCN4 mRNA and consequently transcription of the HIS3 gene (Driscoll Penn et al., 1983). Out of the 20,000 initial transformants, 37 were resistant to 3-AT and in 24 of those, this resistance was accompanied by induction of GC ...
The RNAi mechanism
... the regulation of VEGF in 08/2004 – Sirna Therapeutics files IND for Sima-027for the regulation of VEGF in 09/2004 ...
... the regulation of VEGF in 08/2004 – Sirna Therapeutics files IND for Sima-027for the regulation of VEGF in 09/2004 ...
Predicting_tRNA_and_tmRNA_genes_12-2-16
... the two latter of the three preceding conditions is sufficient for exclusion of a potential tRNA from an annotation (we have found a single high scoring tRNA that is not part of the rest of the large cluster, however this situation is very rare). It is possible for a phage genome to have multiple tR ...
... the two latter of the three preceding conditions is sufficient for exclusion of a potential tRNA from an annotation (we have found a single high scoring tRNA that is not part of the rest of the large cluster, however this situation is very rare). It is possible for a phage genome to have multiple tR ...
Predicting tRNA and tmRNA genes Aragorn - SEA
... the two latter of the three preceding conditions is sufficient for exclusion of a potential tRNA from an annotation (we have found a single high scoring tRNA that is not part of the rest of the large cluster, however this situation is very rare). It is possible for a phage genome to have multiple tR ...
... the two latter of the three preceding conditions is sufficient for exclusion of a potential tRNA from an annotation (we have found a single high scoring tRNA that is not part of the rest of the large cluster, however this situation is very rare). It is possible for a phage genome to have multiple tR ...
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... found to be significantly up- or down regulated (more than 2-fold) by analysis of 8 arrays with Acuity and GenePix Pro6.1 using Loess normalization (Bonferroni corrected p value < 0.005). From the complete gene list, the twenty most highly differentially expressed genes along with two other genes f ...
... found to be significantly up- or down regulated (more than 2-fold) by analysis of 8 arrays with Acuity and GenePix Pro6.1 using Loess normalization (Bonferroni corrected p value < 0.005). From the complete gene list, the twenty most highly differentially expressed genes along with two other genes f ...
Posttranscriptional Control of Chloroplast Gene Expression
... The chloroplast psaA gene of Chlamydomonas consists of three exons flanked by group II intron sequences that are widely separated on the plastid genome and transcribed independently. The assembly of the mature psaA mRNA depends on two transsplicing reactions that require several trans-acting factors ...
... The chloroplast psaA gene of Chlamydomonas consists of three exons flanked by group II intron sequences that are widely separated on the plastid genome and transcribed independently. The assembly of the mature psaA mRNA depends on two transsplicing reactions that require several trans-acting factors ...
Build Your Own Genetic Code
... The relationship between three-nucleotide codons in the mRNA and amino acids in polypeptides is called the genetic code. You've seen the human genetic code on the preceding handout. But why does, for instance, CCC code for proline? In other words, in your own cells, what causes a proline to be inser ...
... The relationship between three-nucleotide codons in the mRNA and amino acids in polypeptides is called the genetic code. You've seen the human genetic code on the preceding handout. But why does, for instance, CCC code for proline? In other words, in your own cells, what causes a proline to be inser ...
Probability in transcriptional regulation and its
... in the nucleus was estimated to be approximately 2500.4,7 If this is the case, only a subset of protein-encoding genes is likely to be actively transcribed at any time. Aside from restrictions on the absolute availability in numerical terms, there is also evidence for functional compartmentation of ...
... in the nucleus was estimated to be approximately 2500.4,7 If this is the case, only a subset of protein-encoding genes is likely to be actively transcribed at any time. Aside from restrictions on the absolute availability in numerical terms, there is also evidence for functional compartmentation of ...
Fighting the good cause: meaning, purpose
... genotypic difference (G) when both are considered as types. A complete causal account of Pi (subscripts indicate tokens) would include many prior occurrences of P plus many prior occurrences of G and would resemble a complete causal account of Gi. If Pi–1 ...
... genotypic difference (G) when both are considered as types. A complete causal account of Pi (subscripts indicate tokens) would include many prior occurrences of P plus many prior occurrences of G and would resemble a complete causal account of Gi. If Pi–1 ...
3` Untranslated Region in Mantle- Cell Lymphomas
... primed library, all the cDNA clones were initiated from the destabilizing signals AUUUApresent in thenormal trannumerous poly(A) stretches present within the 3' end of the script are eliminated. In case no. 39, PCR amplification of CCNDI mRNA. genomic DNAwith primers flanking the CCNDllMERll We also ...
... primed library, all the cDNA clones were initiated from the destabilizing signals AUUUApresent in thenormal trannumerous poly(A) stretches present within the 3' end of the script are eliminated. In case no. 39, PCR amplification of CCNDI mRNA. genomic DNAwith primers flanking the CCNDllMERll We also ...
Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is an RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA (npcRNA), non-messenger RNA (nmRNA) and functional RNA (fRNA). The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.Non-coding RNA genes include highly abundant and functionally important RNAs such as transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as RNAs such as snoRNAs, microRNAs, siRNAs, snRNAs, exRNAs, and piRNAs and the long ncRNAs that include examples such as Xist and HOTAIR (see here for a more complete list of ncRNAs). The number of ncRNAs encoded within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest the existence of thousands of ncRNAs., but see Since many of the newly identified ncRNAs have not been validated for their function, it is possible that many are non-functional. It is also likely that many ncRNAs are non functional (sometimes referred to as Junk RNA), and are the product of spurious transcription.