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Choroidal Thickness Study Using Swept-source
Choroidal Thickness Study Using Swept-source

... change in optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques as we moved from time-domain to spectral-domain (SD) OCT. Many of us in the retina subspecialty, however, believed that these advances were only the tip of iceberg and that continued improvements in OCT would allow us to see even further into t ...
VIEW PDF - Retina Today
VIEW PDF - Retina Today

... interesting findings in many vitreoretinal diseases: epiretinal membrane,8-13 macular hole,8-12,14 retinal detachment,15-17 vitreomacular traction,10,18 optic pit–associated maculopathy,19 and retinopathy of prematurity.20 Most of these studies were conducted using handheld or non-parfocal microscop ...
Vision Loss in AmericA: Aging And Low Vision
Vision Loss in AmericA: Aging And Low Vision

... contact lenses. It is often characterized by partial sight such as blurred vision, blind spots or tunnel vision. Listed below are disorders that cause vision loss: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): AMD is the leading cause of vision loss among Americans over 65, accounting for nearly half of a ...
Optic Disc Drusen
Optic Disc Drusen

... cribrosa and usually below the plane of Bruch membrane. Although sometimes associated with other ocular conditions like angioid streaks, retinitis pigmentosa, and open-angle glaucoma,1 ODD are usually incidentally found, isolated abnormalities. They are thought to be congenital. ODD have been clinic ...
Central retinal vein occlusion concomitant with dengue fever
Central retinal vein occlusion concomitant with dengue fever

... Background:  Dengue virus infection is on the rise and there is increasing number of ocular complications that are being reported. Most common ocular complications are macular edema, macular hemorrhages, and foveolitis. There are case reports on branch retinal vessel occlusions. Most of the ocular c ...
Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... blocked or covered because the angle between the iris and cornea is too narrow.  The blockage can occur suddenly or slowly. If the blockage occurs suddenly, pressure in the eye rises rapidly. If the blockage occurs slowly, the pressure in the eye rises slowly like in open-angle glaucoma. ...
Retinal break or tear
Retinal break or tear

... Acute retinal breaks are usually associated with symptoms, with flashing lights (photopsia), often in the periphery; one or more floaters of recent onset, or there may be a recent history of head or ocular trauma. However, chronic retinal breaks or atrophic holes may not cause symptoms. Signs Breaks ...
Congenital ptosis associated with combined superior rectus, lateral
Congenital ptosis associated with combined superior rectus, lateral

... anaesthesia prior to intravitreal injection. Their conclusion that subconjunctival anaesthesia is a significant risk factor for developing infectious endophthalmitis, with an odds ratio of 13.7, was surprising to us. A subconjunctival fluid bleb serves to act as a mechanical barrier between the outs ...
Vision Loss
Vision Loss

... Shower of black spots or floaters Flashing lights (photopsia) From a “shadow” in periphery to “dark curtain” Wavy distortion of objects (metamorphopsia) ...
Grand Rounds - University of Louisville Ophthalmology
Grand Rounds - University of Louisville Ophthalmology

... Sumich P, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Choroidal nevi in a white population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 May;116(5):645-50. PubMed PMID: 9596501 Naumann GOHHellner KNaumann LR Pigmented nevi of the choroid: clinical study of secondary changes in the overlying tissues. Trans Am Acad O ...
Ocular emergency
Ocular emergency

... Vision loss due to high orbital pressure : lateral cantholysis, rarely in very severe case, ...
Fundus photo showing bone spicules typical of Retinitis Fundus
Fundus photo showing bone spicules typical of Retinitis Fundus

... What is Retinitis Pigmentosa? Retinitis Pigmentosa is a group of genetic eye disorders that progressively causes atrophy of the retina and typically affects both eyes. It is one of the most common forms of inherited retinal degenerative conditions, and affects 1 in 3,700 people within the United Sta ...
PEARS Service Specification (rev Nov 2013)
PEARS Service Specification (rev Nov 2013)

... Long standing adult squints ...
DVLA Standards
DVLA Standards

... • No impact on manoeuvring ability or maintaining lane position Studies on simulators • In different conditions: support the findings from closed circuit studies ...
Microscopic structure of the retina and vasculature in the human eye
Microscopic structure of the retina and vasculature in the human eye

... Secondly, although retinal vessels support the inner half of the retina, they are sparsely distributed and some layers within the inner retina can also have low oxygen levels. Thirdly, it is clear that the metabolic demands of the retinal neurons and their subcellular components can change significa ...
Factors associated with foveoschisis and foveal detachment
Factors associated with foveoschisis and foveal detachment

... and foveal detachment without macular hole in highly myopic eyes. It means that both intraocular and outer ocular wall factors play important roles in developing foveoschisis and foveal detachment in highly myopic eyes. Baba et al7 also found posterior staphyloma and severe myopic degenerative chang ...
Spontaneous Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage Associated with Age
Spontaneous Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage Associated with Age

... suprachoroidal hemorrhage. We tried every possible management option in vain, and the eye had to be eviscerated. This is disappointing for ophthalmologists but reflects the devastating prognosis of spontaneous suprachoroidal hemorrhage. In our patient, subretinal hemorrhage preceded the massive supr ...
MENNONITE COLLEGE OF NURSING AT
MENNONITE COLLEGE OF NURSING AT

... 1. degree--volume above normal level needed to hear 2. configuration--rage of frequencies at which loss occurs 3. type--part of the auditory system affected. (all 3 benefit from hearing aid) Type influences treatment 1. conductive--gasically mechanical; often treated surgically or manually 2. sesori ...
Temperature Modulating Action of Choroidal Blood Flow
Temperature Modulating Action of Choroidal Blood Flow

... The importance of the thermal environment for the retina has been neglected in looking for causes of retinal disease. The observations on the ability of the choroidal circulation to modulate the thermal environment of the macula should excite further study of the role of temperature and the ability ...
Bull`s eye maculopathy with early cone degeneration
Bull`s eye maculopathy with early cone degeneration

... electrodiagnostic testing referable to the cone system. The typical picture was of a bull's eye maculopathy accompanied by an annular scotoma around the fovea, but the clinical and electrophysiological investigations showed that there were considerable variations especially in the early stages. Bull ...
Chapter 8 The Special Senses
Chapter 8 The Special Senses

... C. Age-related dysfunctions of the eye 7. Detached retina a. Retina attached to vascular pigment only at optic disc and ora serrata b. Pressure exerted by vitreous humor “holds” the rest of the retina in place ...
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE

... infection.8 There is an increased incidence of positive PPD skin tests in affected individuals. In addition, certain HLA haplotypes have been shown to be associated with the disorder, with 56.7% of patients with APMPPE reported to be HLA-DR2 positive, in one series, while 40% express HLA-B7. These M ...
Central retinal thickness is positively correlated with
Central retinal thickness is positively correlated with

... (Hammond et al., 1997b) and MP has been shown to be significantly related to central retinal thickness in several types of retinal degeneration including Usher syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa and choroideremia (Aleman et al., 2001; Duncan et al., 2002). The spatial distribution of MP has previously b ...
RESEARCH - UC Davis Health
RESEARCH - UC Davis Health

... in visual performance. Moreover, replacement of defective cells using stem cell technologies in the visual system can have a profound impact on the patient’s quality of life. Needless to say, we stand at the very beginning of the path in the development of stem cell-based therapies. But already, ste ...
Retinal hemorrhages as one of complications of optic disc drusen
Retinal hemorrhages as one of complications of optic disc drusen

... fibers damaged and they are sensitive to elevated or even normal intraocular pressure [25–28]. Antiglaucomatous drugs should be used in such a case. Ocular antihypertensive agents have been suggested as a prophylaxis to prevent the loss of nerve fibers, and further damage of the optic nerve [27–29]. ...
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Macular degeneration



Macular degeneration, often age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition that usually affects older adults and results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the macula) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in ""dry"" and ""wet"" forms. It is a major cause of blindness and visual impairment in older adults, afflicting 30-50 million people globally. Macular degeneration can make it difficult or impossible to read or to recognize faces, although enough peripheral vision remains to allow other activities of daily life.Although some macular dystrophies affecting younger individuals are sometimes rarely referred to as macular degeneration, the term generally refers to age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD).The retina is a network of visual receptors and nerves. It lies on the choroid, a network of blood vessels that supply the retina with blood.In the dry (nonexudative) form, cellular debris called drusen accumulates between the retina and the choroid, causing atrophy and scarring to the retina. In the wet (exudative) form, which is more severe, blood vessels grow up from the choroid behind the retina which can leak exudate and fluid and also cause hemorrhaging. It can be treated with laser coagulation, and more commonly with medication that stops and sometimes reverses the growth of blood vessels.
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