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towards the generation of biophore models
towards the generation of biophore models

...  Binds to SNARE which mediates neurotransmitter release, reduced formation of SNARE complex assembly was observed in post-mortem brains of AD patients ...
Why Gene Duplication? ,
Why Gene Duplication? ,

... by Su2 must also have the same anticodon. Yet these two tyrosine transfer RNA's are not identical to each other (GAREN,1968). Su2 and Su3 of E. coli should be regarded as two closely related but separate gene loci diverged from a common ancestral gene after duplication, rather than exact replicas of ...
Delineation of a Scab Resistance Gene Cluster on Linkage Group 2
Delineation of a Scab Resistance Gene Cluster on Linkage Group 2

... QTLs is reasonably close to the inferred position of Vbj, it is possible that both are encoded by similar genes, possibly from the same cluster. The fact that these QTLs appear specific in their host-pathogen interactions (Calenge et al., 2004), adds further weight to the argument that some QTLs may ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... ·Select a gene for each trait from Ma and Pa (choose 1 gene from each envelope) ·Then combine the gene pairs together to form genotype and phenotype of your vegetable child (Table 3). ...
Regulatory sequences
Regulatory sequences

... Organism Scope eukaryotes and eukaryotic viruses Molecule Scope DNA ...
Karakterisasi Molekular Fragmen Gen mexB Isolat Pseudomonas
Karakterisasi Molekular Fragmen Gen mexB Isolat Pseudomonas

... ABSTRACT Antibiotics have been widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, their effectiveness has been questioned due to the tendency of some bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa among others has been known to be resistant to several antibiotics due to its M ...
An artifact in studies of gene regulation using β
An artifact in studies of gene regulation using β

... strain of Escherichia coli H2331 (DlacU169) [4]. The modified strain, termed E. coli H2331 PfurAF–lacZ, weakly produced b-gal as determined by colony color (white vs. blue) on agar plates containing X-gal [5] and by the Miller assay (70 Miller units) [6], suggesting that PfurAF exhibited weak transcr ...
Human pigmentation genetics: the difference is only skin deep
Human pigmentation genetics: the difference is only skin deep

... basis of human pigmentation began with the work of Gertrude and Charles Davenport early in the twentieth century, when they examined the inheritance of eye,(6), hair,(7) and skin colors.(8) Sewall Wright(9) recognized that each of these traits are physiologically connected, and must be considered to ...
Genetic mosaics
Genetic mosaics

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A mutation in the Zn-finger of the GAL4
A mutation in the Zn-finger of the GAL4

... homologous gene (lane e) and therefore should result from SI cleavage of heteroduplexes. The stronger band of 722 bp corresponds in size to the endpoint of yeast sequences in the two clones (Figure 2 bottom) whereas the faint band indicated an SI -suseptible site about 440 bp from the label and abou ...
Lecture 7 - Pitt CPATH Project
Lecture 7 - Pitt CPATH Project

... skipping where the spliceosome brings together the splice donor and splice acceptor sites of nonneighboring exons. (B) Sequences that are very similar to the splice donor or splice acceptor sequences may coincidentally exist in introns and exons (sd and sa). These sequences are not normally used in ...
RECOMBINANT DNA
RECOMBINANT DNA

... 1. Obtain ONE strip of plasmid DNA and ONE strip of a human gene. 2. Genetic engineers use plasmids to introduce new genes into bacteria. The plasmid DNA is actually circular and the two ends are normally connected. Tape together the two ends of the plasmid DNA molecule to form a ring. 3. Genetic en ...
THHN Color Basics article
THHN Color Basics article

... terms used by geneticists for the different colors can help to create a more "universal" language of color that can be used for all breeds. Once these terms are understood, it is possible to speak more precisely and accurately about horse color. These terms are not based on a given registry's design ...
Functional characterization of a large deletion in AVPR2 gene
Functional characterization of a large deletion in AVPR2 gene

... According to the HGMD data, in AVPR2 gene, there are more than 16 gross deletions [18]. Some of these mutations are just in the borders of AVPR2 gene and some of them are abnormally deletions that consist other gene regions close to AVPR2 gene [19-24]. However, functional analyze of such a large del ...
POSTER Vp-1
POSTER Vp-1

... One of the most widespread pentose sugars found in plant biomass is L-arabinose, a constituent of plant cell-wall polysaccharides L-arabinan, arabinogalactans and arabinoxylans. The pentose catabolic pathways are relevant for microorganisms living on decaying plant material but also in biotechnology ...
Supplementary Methods (doc 430K)
Supplementary Methods (doc 430K)

... stronger than naïve adjustment (OCD: ρ= -0.436, p=0 and ED: ρ= -0.457, p=0), emphasizing this worsened confounding. Additionally, a similar number of probes are called differentially expressed between cases and controls compared to the unadjusted approach – 681 and 757 probes were called differentia ...
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The Sea Change That`s Challenging Biology`s Central Dogma
The Sea Change That`s Challenging Biology`s Central Dogma

... interest exists in a spectrum of different species—from roundworms and fruit flies to humans. If a gene is important, evolution keeps it around, and the same gene or its homologues will be found again and again in different organisms. But by 1993, researchers had sequenced only a few dozen genes fro ...
control of the drosophila body pattern
control of the drosophila body pattern

... Using the homeobox as a probe, genes homologous to Hox from many species including vertebrates have been isolated. Study of these genes gave a spectacular demonstration for the universality of developmental principles. In the mouse, dominant gain and loss of function mutations result in segmental tr ...
IJBT 10(2) 178-182
IJBT 10(2) 178-182

... overall genetic make-up of the population maintained at NDRI herd, since the males were selected as future bulls through a multi-stage selection procedure. More than 80% of the male calves born are auctioned within six months based on their expected predicted difference (EPD) and growth rate. Result ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... • Refers to an allele which has more than one effect on the phenotype • Pleiotropic effects are difficult to predict, because a gene that affects one trait often performs other, unknown functions • This can be seen in human diseases such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia – Multiple symptoms c ...
Lysis of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by
Lysis of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by

... Consumption of food or water contaminated with specific strains of Escherichia coli can cause dire illness and lead to development of more serious diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). E. coli strains that can express the shiga toxin gene (Stx 1 or Stx 2) are responsible for causing this ...
Chapter 10 - Saint Demetrios Astoria School
Chapter 10 - Saint Demetrios Astoria School

... © Cengage Learning 2015 ...
Sex chromosome evolution in non
Sex chromosome evolution in non

... studied species is the platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus), in which three types of sex chromosomes, X, W and Y, coexist in a population. Depending on their chromosomal complement WX, XX and WY fish become females, whereas XY and YY fish become males. The different ‘strength’ of the X and the W in ind ...
Recombinant_Project_Proposal_revised_(really)
Recombinant_Project_Proposal_revised_(really)

... Known to cause many nosocomial infections Thrives in high moisture environments ...
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Gene nomenclature

Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other species-specific research communities (e.g., Drosophila, mouse) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the Trends in Genetics Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.Gene nomenclature and protein nomenclature are not separate endeavors; they are aspects of the same whole. Any name or symbol used for a protein can potentially also be used for the gene that encodes it, and vice versa. But owing to the nature of how science has developed (with knowledge being uncovered bit by bit over decades), proteins and their corresponding genes have not always been discovered simultaneously (and not always physiologically understood when discovered), which is the largest reason why protein and gene names do not always match, or why scientists tend to favor one symbol or name for the protein and another for the gene. Another reason is that many of the mechanisms of life are the same or very similar across species, genera, orders, and phyla, so that a given protein may be produced in many kinds of organisms; and thus scientists naturally often use the same symbol and name for a given protein in one species (for example, mice) as in another species (for example, humans). Regarding the first duality (same symbol and name for gene or protein), the context usually makes the sense clear to scientific readers, and the nomenclatural systems also provide for some specificity by using italic for a symbol when the gene is meant and plain (roman) for when the protein is meant. Regarding the second duality (a given protein is endogenous in many kinds of organisms), the nomenclatural systems also provide for at least human-versus-nonhuman specificity by using different capitalization, although scientists often ignore this distinction, given that it is often biologically irrelevant.Also owing to the nature of how scientific knowledge has unfolded, proteins and their corresponding genes often have several names and symbols that are synonymous. Some of the earlier ones may be deprecated in favor of newer ones, although such deprecation is voluntary. Some older names and symbols live on simply because they have been widely used in the scientific literature (including before the newer ones were coined) and are well established among users.
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